基于BP神经网络的干散货航运市场运价预警

为分析预测干散货航运市场运价波动的警情,采用BP神经网络的学习算法,建立干散货航运市场运价预警模型。选择干散货船队运力供给、干散货船队运力需求、OECD工业生产指数、原油价格和FFA合约价等5项指标作为警兆指标,运用因子分析法并结合航运专家知识经验,确定干散货航运市场运价的实际警情。通过编制MATLAB软件程序,对实例样本进行训练和检测,表明此方法对干散货航运市场运价预警有很好的适用性。     

国际干散货航运市场回顾与展望

自2003年10月份以来,国际干散货航运市场表现十分强劲,但从2005年的BDI指数走势来看,这种高景气度已有明显的见顶迹象,对于国际干散货航运市场能否持续高涨的行情,说法众多不一。首先对国际干散货航运市场进行回顾,并针对与干散货航运市场关系密切的世界经济以及国际干散货航运市场供需两方面进行分析,最后对2006年国际干散货航运市场的发展加以展望。     

国际干散货FFA市场的协整研究和定价应用

采用Johansen协整技术对基于BCIT/Caverage、BPIT/Caverage的两个干散货FFA市场的期货和现货价格进行了协整研究,结果认为:基于这两者的干散货FFA市场不是有效市场,交易时风险较大,建立了两组序列的协整关系模型和基于非对称CARCH(1,1)模型的两个FFA定价公式,并对两个模型中的价格序列进行了Granger因果检验得到它们互为Granger成因,最后说明如何进行好的干散货FFA交易以使中国企业更多、更好地参与国际干散货FFA市场,降低海运风险。     

基于航运企业视角的干散货FFA风险管理

分析干散货远期运费协议(FFA)概念、功能、与现货市场的关系及风险因素,阐述其在全球金融危机后的发展趋势,指出我国航运企业在干散货FFA市场中存在风险意识薄弱、风险控制方法欠缺等问题,提出管理风险对策:充分认识、评估FFA风险,构建FFA经营风险控制体系;提高风险控制意识,坚守套期保值操作;提高风险辨识、度量准确度,建立高效的预警机制和处理机制。     

国际干散货航运市场运力发展

阐述国际干散货航运市场运力发展现状,分析引起干散货航运市场持续低迷的主要原因,针对当前干散货航运市场运力过剩的问题,提出加大老旧船舶拆解力度、提高船舶封存速度、延长船舶订单交付期、合理配置全球运力资源及船舶实行经济航速等运力调整策略。     

国际干散货航运市场与世界经济的相关性

为掌握世界经济变化给国际干散货航运市场带来的影响，对影响国际干散货航运市场各主要因素和评价指标进行分析，应用灰色关联度分析法，对各指标与世界经济的关联度进行定量分析，得到与世界经济关联度最大的因素，反映整个国际干散货航运市场与世界经济的相关性。     

干散货航运市场发展形势探究

随着如今经济全球化的发展,干散货航运市场得到了发展,然而也面临着一定的风险,对其发展产生不利影响,严重影响干散货航运市场的稳定。尤其是欧盟提出自2024年起,船东或承担船舶责任的其他组织将必须为其船舶在往返于欧盟港口和在欧盟港口之间行驶时产生的温室气体排放付费,干散货航运市场在传播碳税的即将缴纳下更是受到极大影响。本文在对干散货航运市场发展新形势探究的基础上,对干散货航运企业提出相关建议,以期促进干散货航运市场的稳定持续发展。     

国际干散货航运市场分析

本文重点从需求的角度分析了国际干散货航运市场主要干散货种铁矿石、煤炭、粮谷和小宗散货的海运量分布、贸易现状以及未来的发展趋势。然后对国际干散货航运市场的运力从船队规模、船龄结构、运力发展趋势等方面作了整体分析。     

2007年国际干散货运输市场展望

对2006年国际干散货航运市场走势及具体运行特点进行了分析,并对2007年宏观环境变化情况和干散货航运市场发展趋势进行了预测。     

国际干散货航运市场船舶运力的预测以及浅析

国际干散货航运市场是竞争激烈、环境迅速变化的市场。其供给市场作为航运市场的重要部分,在航运市场的整个系统分析中扮演着非常重要的角色。因此,对于航运市场的供给情况做出一个较为准确的预测是至关重要的。本文主要采用灰色预测、ARMA模型对航运市场的运力供给情况做出一个定量的简单预测,同时结合预测结果对国际干散货的运力以及航运市场做出简单的分析。     

The relative efficiency and financial risk assessment of shipping companies

Since shipping companies are highly competitive, we ask whether financial risk assessment tools impact company performance and, therefore competitiveness and efficiency. Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) is used in the evaluation. Based on distinct features of the risk-return relationship, three cargo segments in the shipping industry are studied—dry bulk, liquid bulk, and containerized cargo. The influence of the risk assessment indicators on market and operational efficiency is subsequently determined using a panel regression to determine whether different asset allocation and risk management techniques improve the performance of shipping companies. In this analysis, 79 international shipping companies listed in Bloomberg Shipping Indices are included in the data collected from Thomson One for the period of 2001–2010. Efficiency estimation from the SFA shows that containerized cargo firms have better performance in both market and operating efficiencies. Operating efficiency performance is achieved by lowering liquidity. Market efficiency is improved by well-managed leverage level.     

金融危机时期国际干散货船舶运输市场状况与对策

2008年金融危机以来,世界经贸形势错综复杂,国际干散货船舶运输市场陷入低迷,BDI指数持续低谷盘整。研究了国际干散货运输需求情况和运力增长规模,剖析了国际干散货运价走势,并针对金融危机时期国际干散货船舶运输市场状况,提出了金融危机时期国际干散货船舶运输的发展对策。     

Dynamics and interactions between spot and forward freights in the dry bulk shipping market

Analyzing the interactions between spot and forward freight agreement (FFA) prices in the dry bulk shipping is important as they play a significant role for shipping companies to secure their profits and avoid potential risks in the volatile market. By applying the vector autoregression (VAR) and the vector error correction model (VECM), this paper identifies the long-run and mutual causal relationship between the spot and FFA prices on the BPI T/C and BCI C7 routes. Along with these cointegrating rates, exogenous factors such as the market demand and supply and some economic indices are also recognized as contributing variables for the dynamic movement of the spot and FFA prices. Importantly, the mean-reverting process is justified on both routes with different mechanisms. When the spot and FFA prices deviate from their equilibrium level in the short run, they will be adjusted to their long-run equilibrium more directly and clearly on the BPI T/C route than those on the BCI C7 route. It also indicates that this adjusting power has direction and size asymmetries on both routes. In addition, the impulse analysis indicates that the spot rate is more volatile than its corresponding FFA prices confronting innovations. The results of this study provide a reference to the participants in the dry bulk shipping market on the causes of fluctuation in spot and FFA prices and their interactions, which can be used to promote the risk management in the market.     

国际干散货运输市场回顾与展望

2003年是国际干散货运输市场迄今为止表现最为强劲的一年。以中国进口铁矿石和日本进口煤炭为核心的需求空前高涨,谷物和小宗散货海运贸易也十分活跃,历史罕见的压港和低增长的新交船使运力供应高度紧张,市场出现严重的“结构性失调”,不仅夏季淡季不淡,表现火爆。而且在中国“十一”长假期间出现“井喷”行情,BDI指数一举冲破4 500点大关,较上一个历史高点1995年5月1日的2 352点高出2 000多点,三大船型运价水平均创历史新高。之后市场经过半个月的调整又再度发力,BDI再度越过4 700点大关,以完美的表现宣告了今年的结束。各权威机构对世界经济在2004年将加快发展已经基本达成共识,而目前在国际干散货运输市场中起着引擎作用的我国经济发展更是势头强劲,其钢铁工业步入高增长期,已成为不容争辩的事实,这无疑都为国际干散货运输市场提供了一个更加广阔的发展空间。运力方面虽然新交船数量略高,但船舶压港短时间内难以解决。因此,2004年的干散货运输市场总体形势看好。     

沿海干散货运输市场预测及建议

通过数据详尽分析2009年沿海干散货运输市场的水运形势,同时根据电力行业、钢铁行业的发展对未来2-3年中国煤炭需求、金属矿石需求和干散货运输市场进行预测,建议重视集疏运系统建设,签订长期协议,提高合同兑现率。     

Analysis of container port policy by the reaction of an equilibrium shipping market

In the competitive container cargo transportation market, shipping companies are drastically changing their strategy vis-a-vis routing and port choice by the formation of global alliances. In such a situation, the effectiveness of port management policy in persuading container liners to use the port is most important. The paper discusses port management policy in an equilibrium shipping market. A model is proposed to simulate the flow of foreign trade container cargo using game theory. It is used to explain the interaction of port management policy, shipping companies and shippers.     

Spillover effects and dynamic correlations between spot and forward tanker freight markets

Monitoring and analysing information transmission across different shipping markets is an important tool for participants to predict shipping freight rates, design portfolio investments and manage freight rate risks. The purpose of this article is to investigate spillover effects and dynamic correlations between shipping spot and derivatives markets (tanker forward freight agreement, FFA) under the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity framework. Empirical results show that spillovers in returns are unilateral from one-month FFA to spot markets, while they are bilateral between one-month and two-month FFA markets. However, insignificant mean spillovers between spot and two-month FFA markets are found. Volatility spillover effects among one-month FFA, two-month FFA and spot freight markets are bilateral. By analysing the correlation between different markets, highly persistent and significantly volatile correlations are found. Moreover, time-varying correlations between one-month and two-month FFA markets are much higher than those of between spot and each FFA market. Results from this article will be helpful to improve participants’ predictions of return, volatility and correlation, which are significant for determining hedge strategies. In addition, the management of freight rate risk and portfolio investment can also benefit from the empirical results obtained in this article.     

2014年世界船舶市场评述及2015年展望

对2014年世界经济、航运、造船市场进行回顾,并对2015年的发展方向进行展望。2014年,世界经济总体属于不均衡复苏;航运市场总体表现低于预期,油运市场相对较好,商船队保有量增速持续放缓;新造船市场订单量过亿吨,液货船订单增多,新造船价格呈现中间高两端低的走势。预计2015年世界经济将继续呈现不均衡复苏态势,2014年大宗商品价格的暴跌将有利于世界经济的复苏;航运市场方面,预计集装箱运输市场和油运市场贸易运输需求增速超过运力增速,干散货运输市场继续供大于求;预测2015年油船订单将继续复苏,集装箱船和散货船市场维持2014年的景气度,海工市场看淡。     

沿海干散货船的船价影响因素及概率统计分析

由于船舶的投资额很大,所以航运企业在做投资决策之前对船价的影响因素做系统的分析,并对其进行准确的估计,对航运企业来说是至关重要的。本文分析了近几年沿海干散货船舶市场的影响因素,并运用概率统计的方法给出了近期船价的概率分布模型。