为什么在最高转速时不是最大功率和最大扭矩?

正Q:我一直有个疑问,为什么汽车发动机的最大功率和最大扭矩都不是出现在最大转速时?难道不是转速越高,发动机越有劲吗?A:发动机的最大扭矩主要与发动机进气系统、供油系统和点火系统的设计有关。在某一转速下,这些系统的性能匹配达到最佳,就可发出最大扭矩,我们称该发动机在这个转速下达到最大扭矩。发动机在不同的转速下,对应了不     

卓尔不群的独狼——嘉陵JH125-F(Ⅱ)的超强性能

早在2006年,中国嘉陵集团就通过与奥地利AVL公司合作,初步掌握了发动机的优化和分析技术,通过对这些技术的运用和移植,成功研发了CB133,取得了7项发动机技术的突破,随后并不断以此技术平台进行创新研发.通过轻量化、低磨损设计及高能点火系统等高新技术的运用.实现了发动机最大功率和最大扭矩值的提升以及对应转速点的降低.     

浅谈二冲程发动机排气系统“膨胀室”的产生

二冲程排气管长度的改变对发动机功率影响非常明显。当长度为0时,气缸最大气体充量系数较低;当长度较长时,最大气体充量系数对应于低速;当长度较短时,最大气体充量系数对应于高速。也就是说;对于一根固定长度的排气管,最大气体充量系数只对应一个最佳转速,高速好则低速差,低速好则高速差,如果排气管长度可以改变,那么发动机在高低速时效果都可以最佳,这就是当     

萨博9-3 Vector

萨博9-3 Vector选用的发动机为2.0TS Ecopower全铝直列四缸强增压机型，涡轮增压值最大达到1.45 Bar。最大功率为155kW/5300r/min，升功率77.6kW/L。最大扭矩为300Nm/2500r/min，升扭矩达到惊人的150.2Nm/L。由于Saab很好地解决了涡轮增压器在发动机低转速时表现不佳的问题，动力输出近乎线性。     

曲轴动平衡校正时转速的正确选择

发动机曲轴必须经过精确的动平衡校正,这是毫无疑义的。但是,为了达到这一点,必须正确地选择转速。一般地说,转速越高,不平衡质量产生的离心力就越大,因而动平衡灵敏度就越高。所以,刚性转子动平衡校正时,都尽可能选用较高的转速。然而,对于发动机曲轴,尤其是六缸曲轴,却应该具体地分析。曲轴动平衡校正时,动平衡机本身所提供的转速,并不是不加分析地任意采用。其中较高的转速,是不能用来进行     

燃料电池城市客车动力驱动系统的功率匹配

燃料电池城市客车（FCBUS）驱动系统参数的选择主要考虑整车动力性要求,同时要兼顾其效率和整车经济性。通过整车动力性指标对应的车辆功率需求分析和对典型循环工况对应的车辆功率谱分析,给出了驱动电机峰值功率、额定功率、额定转矩和额定转速的设计步骤和方法,并通过了试验验证。     

车辆驾驶误区

误区一:车辆行驶挡位越高越省油,对发动机越好 分析:原则上同样的车速使用高挡位,可以降低发动机的转速,减少燃油的消耗.但盲目地追求高挡位、低转速会影响汽车的扭矩和功率的输出,甚至造成拖挡行驶.不但不省油,还会更费油.从节油的角度考虑,驾驶员不要看挡位高低,而是发动机的转速的高低.高挡位行车还有一个弊端,就是发动机经常处于一个比较低转速,会造成燃油在汽缸内燃烧不充分,容易产生积炭,加剧机件磨损,影响发动机的使用寿命.     

最新自动变速器及无级变速器常见故障剖析(二十四)

(2)强制降挡功能当驾驶员把加速踏板踩到底时,激活强迫降挡开关,并把该信息提供给控制单元,告知控制单元汽车此时要求的是最大加速度;为了满足这一要求,必须快速提供发动机最大输出功率,为此发动机转速被调整到最大功率处的转速,并保     

高效率的汽车"起动-发电机"

西门子汽车技术开发部成功研制出了"起动-发电机".该"起动-发动机"将传统的汽车起动机与发电机合二为一,其发电机峰值功率已经达到了8千瓦,在整个转速范围内效率大于80%.相比之下,传统的发电机功率只有1.5千瓦,最大效率为70%,而在最高转速时效率降低到不足30%.     

Volkswagen Scirocco（尚酷）

最大功率提升，但转速下降，意味着这些功率更加容易被驾驶者操控、更容易被用来支撑车辆激烈驾驶。     

Experimental Investigation of Impacts of Injection Timing and Pressure on Combustion and Particulate Matter Emission in a Spray-Guided GDI Engine

A detailed investigation of the impact of injection timing and injection pressure on combustion and particles of a spray-guided GDI engine was conducted, under different engine operating conditions. The results indicated that, more proportion of large particles were emitted when increasing engine load, and the peak of accumulation mode particles moved toward smaller size when rising engine speed. With retarding the injection timing, the in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate rose first and then dropped at 2000 rpm, but they continuously rose at lower or higher speed conditions. The total particles concentration curves at all cases showed a trend of U-shape, and the corresponding timing of the lowest particles concentration advanced as the engine speed or load increased. The minimum value of emitted particles first rose and then fell when increasing load at 2000 rpm conditions, and it continuously rose when increasing speed at 40 Nm conditions. Generally, injection pressure did no sensitively affect combustion process except that it showed a relatively strong impact at low load conditions. However, particulate matter could be effectively inhibited by elevating fuel pressure from 5.5 to 11.5 MPa at all cases. In detail, the total particles concentration continuously fell at low speed and mid speed-high load cases, but it showed a rose trend when further increase fuel injection pressure at mid speed-low load and high-speed conditions.     

DOC+DPF对柴油机颗粒物排放特性的影响研究

以某型高压共轨柴油机为研究对象,研究试验样机加装DOC+DPF后处理装置对其颗粒排放特性的影响。结果表明:试验样机连接DOC+DPF后,颗粒物排放显著降低,在中高转速下,转化率平均在97%以上;在中低转速DOC+DPF对积聚态颗粒净化效率高于核模态颗粒,在1030rpm下,颗粒物总数量下降89%,总质量下降33%;在1200rpm下,颗粒物总数量下降96%,总质量下降77%。在1030rpm和1600rpm除了70%负荷外,DOC+DPF前的NO2/NOX比值都高于DOC+DPF后的,DOC+DPF后的NO2/NOX比值随负荷增加先减小后增加。     

车用涡轮增压柴油机VVE系统的模拟研究

提出了一种适用于车用四行程涡轮增压中冷柴油机的变充气系数 (VVE)系统 ,装在一台 6缸柴油机上进行了性能模拟计算。结果表明 ,在不放废气的情况下 ,最大扭矩工况可使柴油机得到足够的进气充量 ,标定工况时最高燃烧压力不超标 ,而且可以降低燃油消耗率和NOx 排放。VVE系统可代替车用增压柴油机高工况放气     

改变缸内涡流降低车用柴油机NOx和微粒排放

用喷气式可变涡流进气系统改变车用柴油机气缸内的涡流水平，研究了涡流对柴油机微粒（PI）和NOx排放的影响。结果表明，适度降低低速小负荷工况的涡流水平，在对PT排放影响不大的情况下，可以有效降低NOx的排放量；低速大负荷工况，适度提高气缸内的涡流水平，在不至于过在提高NOx排放的情况下，可以有效降低PT排放量，中速工况涡流水平的变化对PT排放量影响不大，而降低中速小负荷工况气缸内的涡流水平，可以有效降低NOx的排放量。降低高速工况气缸内的涡流水平，可以同时降低PT和NOx的排放量。     

Optimize combustion of compressed natural gas engine by improving in-cylinder flows

In order to solve the problem of slow flame propagation in a spark-ignition engine fueled with compressed natural gas (CNG), the influence of in-cylinder flows on combustion process was investigated in CA6SE3-21E4N CNG-engine by means of numerical simulation and experiment. The status of in-cylinder flows from intake to expansion stroke was described by computational fluid dynamic tool, which revealed that the in-cylinder flows were one of the main reasons of slow burning rate. Therefore, a special-shaped combustion chamber called Cross was used to improve the in-cylinder flows. The results showed that peak turbulent kinetic energy of Cross was 43.9% higher than that of original combustion chamber called Cylinder during the late compression period at 1450 rpm 100% load. The combustion parameters, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and regulated emissions were obtained by means of experiment. At 1450rpm 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% load conditions, the ignition delay of Cross was longer than that of Cylinder, moreover, the Cross produced averagely 5.75°CA shorter combustion duration. The BSFC of Cross was on an average of 4.3% reduction at 1450 rpm as well as the HC and CO emissions were reduced whereas the NOx emissions were significantly increased.     

排气系统振动噪声特性分析及改进

某微型客车在800-1 900 rpm有明显的"嘟嘟"声及排气噪声偏大。本文采用仿真和试验相结合的方式,分析排气系统的振动、背压、消声器传递损失、尾管噪声、插入损失和功率损失特性。分析结果表明排气尾管发生共振,放大发动机高次谐波分量,是引起本排气噪声问题的主要原因。通过多方案分析比较,确定一合理优化方案,其排气噪声降低1-5dB(A),主驾驶员右耳噪声降低0.5-2.5 dB(A),满足功率损失比、插入损失和背压差标准要求,"嘟嘟"声明显减弱,声品质提高。     

Design analysis and comparison between standard and rotary porting systems for IC engine

Many porting systems for internal combustion engines have been tried and tested over the years, however the basic spring actuated poppet valve system has prevailed over the last century. In the goal to lower engine output parasitic losses, a simple rotary valve porting system design is proposed and analyzed. The proposed design concept takes into consideration and combines all the prominent advantages of many ealier mutlitiple design variations over the past century. The inherent primary advantage of such a rotary porting system is the elimination of reciprocating components, thus lowering vibration, and removal of highly stiff springs which contribute to considerable system power loss. Comparable sized 3-D representations of both systems are constructed in CAD (Computer Aided Design) software in order to run mechanical and fluid simulations to validate the efficiency advantage of a rotary valve porting system. Using Pro/Engineer Mechanism Dynamics module, the minimum torque required to actuate both systems at 2000 rpm and 3000 rpm is determined. Fluid simulations are performed using a commercial software CFDesign V10. Volumetric flow rates are compared during the intake stroke as well as turbulence intensity factors which characterizes a systems ability to properly mix the Air/Fuel mixture and the combustion efficiency. Some possible improvement on the rotary geometry is suggested.     

Examination of PN emissions and size distributions of a hybrid city bus under real world urban driving conditions

Engine load-speed frequency map of a hybrid city bus, which operates on the routes of Sakarya Municipality, was compared with that of European Transient Cycle (ETC) and World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC), which are the certification test cycles. It was observed that the hybrid city bus engine operates mostly at three main regions, which are idling (30% load and 750 rpm), motoring (0% load and 1200 rpm) and high load (80% load and 1800 rpm) conditions under real world urban driving conditions. However, engine load-speed frequency maps of the certification test cycles are significantly different and cannot represent the real world urban driving conditions of the hybrid city bus. Therefore, the Particle Number (PN) emissions of the hybrid city bus were investigated under real world urban driving conditions. The aims of work were to examine the effects of city bus hybridization on the particle emissions and develop PN emission factors. The PN concentrations and size distributions together with engine operating conditions were measured with a Particle Measurement Program (PMP) compliant system, which involves a condensation particle counter (CPC) and a particle sizer (EEPS). The measurements under real world urban driving conditions indicated that the emission factors of the hybrid city bus for the PN and Total PN are 8.99E+12 and 2.51E+13 #/kW-h, respectively. The PN size distribution measurements indicated that the particles up to approximately 20 nm are not very sensitive to changes in engine power and they are exist even during motoring conditions. But, the particles in the size range from 20 to 200 nm are very sensitive to sudden changes of the engine power.     

Thermal anaysis of an electric water pump for internal combustion engine vehicles

An electric water pump for engine cooling system has an advantage which particularly in the cold start, the use of the electric water pump saves fuel and leads to a corresponding reduction in emissions. However, the electric water pump for internal combustion engine generates much more heat loss than that for hybrid electric vehicle or electric vehicle since it is operated by electric power of high current and low voltage. In this study, the fluid flow and thermal characteristics of the canned type electric water pump with an inverter integrated has been investigated under the effects of heat generation. The analysis conditions such as outdoor air temperature of 125°C, water pump speed of 6000 rpm, coolant temperature of 106°C and coolant flow rate of 120 L/min were used as a standard condition. Therefore, the thermal performance of the canned type electric water pump’s motor and inverter was evaluated by comparison with that of mechanical seal type. In the motor, the temperature reduced by over 10°C, and in the inverter, the amount of temperature decrease equaled to the maximum temperature difference, about 18.7°C. Also, canned type electric water pumps of variable materials were compared for the evaluation of thermal transfer performance for variable thermal conductivity of a can. The motor and inverter were cooled lower to 42°C at motor and about 40°C at inverter for reasonable selection of can’s thermal conductivity.     

发动机附件台架疲劳试验工况的探索

通过对发动机附件及其支架的振动信号进行总值和阶次分析,结合基于阶次分析的计算位移,确定振动信号的主要频率成分及最大振动和最大位移产生时的发动机运行工况,并结合疲劳损伤理论,确定了考核发动机附件及其支架可靠性的各个转速和持续时间,为相应耐久工况的制定提供参考依据。