一种制备c-BN表面硬化层的新方法

立方氮化硼(c-BN)是一种倍受重视的类金刚石材料。在迄今发现的所有物质中，其硬度居第二位(仅次于金刚石)。此外，c-BN还具有远比金刚石高的热稳定性，极其优良的半导体性和光学性能。因此，c-BN在高温耐磨零件，切削刀具、高温电子元件和光学仪器上得到广泛应用。目前所采用的c-BN薄膜的制备方法主要是：化学气相沉积(CVD)、物理气相沉积     

磁控溅射类金刚石的热稳定性

用磁控溅射的方法制备了类金刚石薄膜(DLC),对薄膜在600℃以下的温度进行真空退火,保温3小时,用椭偏仪和红外分光光度计对退火前后薄膜的结构和光学性能进行表征,结果表明,薄膜在400℃以下没有变化,400℃以上开始失氢,SP~2杂化结构开始增加,500℃以上薄膜的折射率上升,600℃时石墨化,红外吸收大幅度增加。     

ICP-PECVD法制备类金刚石膜

以CH4为放电气体,利用电感耦合等离子体化学气相沉积(ICP-PECVD)法制备了类金刚石薄膜,使用.FTIR、AFM、台阶仪对薄膜进行r表征,并对薄膜的沉积过程进行了光谱诊断(OES).研究了射频功率和基底在放电腔体中的佗置对薄膜表面粗糙度、沉积速率和硬度的影响.实验结果表明:A位置处薄膜粗糙度随着功率的增加先减小后增大,随着射频功率的升高,薄膜的硬度逐渐增大,沉积速率先增大后减小,而薄膜硬度和沉积速率都随着与线圈中心距离的增加而减小.光谱诊断结果显示,随着功率的升高,Iβ/Iα和CH的强度呈增大趋势.结合上述研究结果,分析了影响薄膜生长的多种因素.     

双离子束溅射淀积DLC膜的结构分析

用双离子束溅射法在５０℃以下的基底上淀积了类金刚石（ＤＬＣ）膜。对ＤＬＣ膜采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜及拉曼谱仪进行了结构分析。通过对扫描电子显微镜观察，发现在ＤＬＣ膜中存在金刚石微晶。通过透射电子显微镜分析，确定金刚石微晶具有面心立方结构，计算出的晶格常数与标准值基本相同。通过拉曼光谱分析后，进一步验证了薄膜中金刚石微晶的存在并得出了膜中ＳＰ＾３Ｃ－Ｃ键所占的比例。     

PTFE彩色薄膜的工艺研究及应用

本文介绍了PTFE彩色薄膜的性能、特点、应用,成型工艺,包括工艺流程,所用主要设备、工艺条件及产品规格和性能.经测试PTFE彩色薄膜的电气强度大于40kV/mm、拉伸强度大于25 MPa、薄膜材料的分解温度为386℃,推测了PTFE彩色薄膜的应用前景。     

ICP-PECVD法制备类金刚石膜

以CH4为放电气体,利用电感耦合等离子体化学气相沉积（ICP—PECVD）法制备了类金刚石薄膜,使用FTIR、AFM、台阶仪对薄膜进行了表征,并对薄膜的沉积过程进行了光谱诊断（OES）．研究了射频功率和基底在放电腔体中的位置对薄膜表面粗糙度、沉积速率和硬度的影响．实验结果表明：A位置处薄膜粗糙度随着功率的增加先减小后增大,随着射频功率的升高,薄膜的硬度逐渐增大,沉积速率先增大后减小,而薄膜硬度和沉积速率都随着与线圈中心距离的增加而减小．光谱诊断结果显示,随着功率的升高,Iβ/Iα和CH的强度呈增大趋势．结合上述研究结果,分析了影响薄膜生长的多种因素．     

块石类、碎(砾)石类路面材料及特点

介绍了块石类、碎(砾)石类路面材料及特点。     

SiNx薄膜的光致发光研究

用射频磁控溅射技术制备了氮化硅薄膜,室温下测试了薄膜的光致发光谱(PL)和光致发光激发谱(PLE),对薄膜材料的发光特性进行了分析.结果表明,在可见光范围内薄膜有很好的光致发光性质.在波长为381 nm的光激发下,SiNx薄膜的主要发光峰位于520 nm(2.38 eV), 553 nm(2.24 eV), 573 nm(2.16 eV),587 nm(2.11 eV)和627 nm(1.98 eV),主要来自电子在导带与缺陷能级才以及缺陷能级与价带之间的辐射复合.     

退火温度对化学水浴沉积CdS薄膜性能的影响

采用化学水浴沉积法(CBD)制备了CdS薄膜,用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、分光光度计进行检测.研究了退火温度对CdS薄膜表面形貌、成分、晶体结构和光学性能的影响.研究表明,CdS薄膜为微晶或是非晶态,S/Cd原子比在0.8左右,可见光透过率较高;随着退火温度的升高,薄膜结晶明显,但是透光率下降,禁带宽度范围在2.42～2.59eV之间.     

悬浮式双镀膜冷却辊连续镀膜设备的研制

高真空悬浮式双镀膜冷却辊连续镀膜设备的研制生产彻底解决了传统的单镀膜冷却辊镀膜对薄膜材料造成的局部起褶暴筋和产生白条纹(镀空线)的问题,显著提高了镀膜速度和产品质量,降低了废口率,为新一代真空连续镀膜设备开辟了新的应用领域和市场前景.本文主要介绍了高真空悬浮式双镀膜冷却辊连续镀膜设备的原理、组成、性能及工作过程,并对相关问题进行了讨论分析.     

Friction and cutting properties of hot-filament chemical vapor deposition micro- and fine-grained diamond coated silicon nitride inserts

The micro-crystalline diamond (MCD) and fine-grained diamond (FGD) films are deposited on commercial silicon nitride inserts by the hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method. The friction and cutting properties of as-deposited MCD and FGD films coated silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) inserts are comparatively investigated in this study. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy are adopted to study the characterization of the deposited diamond films. The friction tests are conducted on a ball-on-plate type reciprocating friction tester in ambient air using Co-cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co), Si₃N₄ and ball-bearing steel (BBS) balls as the mating materials of the diamond films. For sliding against WC-Co, Si₃N₄ and BBS, the FGD film presents lower friction coefficients than the MCD film. However, after sliding against Si₃N₄, the FGD film is subject to more severe wear than the MCD film. The cutting performance of as-deposited MCD and FGD coated Si₃N₄ inserts is examined in dry turning glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) composite materials, comparing with the uncoated Si₃N₄ insert. The results indicate that the lifetime of Si₃N₄ inserts can be prolonged by depositing the MCD or FGD film on them and the FGD coated insert shows longer cutting lifetime than the MCD coated one.     

板式全热交换器芯体传热性能研究

对采用相同透湿膜的方形结构及菱形结构板式全热交换器芯体进行了传热性能比较实验分析。由于菱形结构芯体在流道中具有逆流和交叉流,因此具有较高的传热交换效率;流速对显热效率的影响较小,但对潜热效率和全热效率影响较大;当膜间距在2．4mm,风速在1m·s^-1以内时,全热效率及阻力特性较为满意。     

Simulation of temperature distribution in hot filament chemical vapor deposition diamond films growth on SiC seals

In this study, the temperature and gas velocity distributions in hot filament chemical vapor deposition(HFCVD) diamond film growth on the end surfaces of seals are simulated by the finite volume method. The influence of filament diameter, filament separation and rotational speed of the substrates is considered. Firstly,the simulation model is established by simplifying operating conditions to simulate the temperature and gas velocity distributions. Thereafter, the deposition parameters are optimized as 0.6 mm filament diameter, 18 mm filament separation and 5 r/min rotational speed to get the uniform temperature distribution. Under the influence of the rotational speed, the difference between temperature gradients along the directions perpendicular to the filament and parallel to the filament becomes narrow, it is consistent with the actual condition, and the maximum temperature difference on the substrates decreases to 7.4?C. Furthermore, the effect of the rotational speed on the gas velocity distribution is studied. Finally, diamond films are deposited on the end surfaces of Si C seals with the optimized deposition parameters. The characterizations by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Raman spectroscopy exhibit a layer of homogeneous diamond films with fine-faceted crystals and uniform thickness. The results validate the simulation model.     

Fabrication and drilling tests of chemical vapor deposition diamond coated drills in machining carbon fiber reinforced plastics

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond coated drills are fabricated by depositing diamond films on Co-cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) drills. The characteristics of as-deposited diamond coatings are investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectra. To evaluate the cutting performance of diamond coated drills, comparative drilling tests are conducted using diamond coated and uncoated WC-Co drills, with carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) as the workpiece on a high-speed computer numerical control (CNC) machine. Thrust force and tool wear are measured during the drilling process. The results show that diamond coated drill exhibits better cutting performance, compared with the uncoated drill. The value of flank wear is about 70 μm after machining 90 holes, about a half of that of theWC-Co drill with 145μm after drilling only 30 holes. The wear rate of WC-Co drill is higher than that of diamond coated drill before diamond films peeling off. The diamond coated drill achieves more predictable hole quality. The improved cutting performance of the diamond coated drill is due to the high hardness, wear resistance and low coefficient of friction.     

基于直接负荷控制的交通运输市场决策模型

直接负荷控制(DLC)对运输市场具有灵活的激励作用,分析了在实施DLC后任意时段的客流量,将其与线路的实际客流量作比较,确定线路所处的状态,针对所处的状态,确定票价的调整比例,以刺激运输市场,诱导客流的走向,缓解客流高峰时段与低峰时段的流量差.由此建立兼顾运输企业和货物收发货人或代理人利益的多目标规划数学模型,并找到了模型的求解算法     

Irradiation Effect of γ Rays on Diamond-Like Carbon Films

Diamond-like carbon films, prepared by RF glow discharge on glasssubstrates, were irradiated by γ rays. The as-deposited and irradiated films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, electrical resistivity, and infrared transmittance. It is shown that the irradiation of the γ rays can lead to the breaking of SP3C-H and SP2C-H bonds, slight increasing of SP3C-C bonds, and induced hydrogen recombination with H2 molecules, subsequently diffusing to the surface of the films. When the γ rays irradiation dose reached 10×104 Gy, the numbers of SP3C-H bonds was decreased by about 50%, the resistivity of irradiated DLC films was increased, and the diamond-like character of the films became more obvious. The structure of DLC films was modified when irradiated by γ rays. The irradiation mechanisms are briefly discussed.     

Friction and wear performances of hot filament chemical vapor deposition multilayer diamond films coated on silicon carbide under water lubrication

Tribological properties of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond films greatly affect its application in the mechanical field. In this paper, a novel multilayer structure is proposed, with which multilayer diamond films are deposited on silicon carbide by hot filament CVD (HFCVD) method. The different micrometric diamond grains are produced by adjusting deposition parameters. The as-deposited multilayer diamond films are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and white-light interferometry. The friction tests performed on a reciprocating ball-on-plate tribometer suggest that silicon carbide presents the friction coefficient of 0.400 for dry sliding against silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) ceramic counterface. With the water lubrication, the corresponding friction coefficients of silicon carbide and as-deposited multilayer diamond films further reduce to 0.193 and 0.051, respectively. The worn surfaces indicate that multilayer diamond films exhibit considerably high wear resistance.     

Temperature modeling in end grinding of coated workpieces

Grinding is an energy-intensive process in which the heat generated can cause various types of thermal damage to workpiece. Many theoretical, empirical or numerical models have been developed to predict grinding temperature. However, these models are not directly applicable for coated workpieces. Tools or other parts are coated with hard materials like tungsten carbide, ceramics or polycrystalline diamond to increase their surface hardness and prolong their life expectancy. In this paper, an empirical model is proposed to predict the maximum grinding temperature of coated workpieces. Experimental and numerical studies are carried out to validate the model. The results indicated that the new model is able to accurately predict grinding temperature.     

粉末触媒合成金刚石工艺特点

人工合成金刚石经历了粉状一片状一粉状触媒和石墨的过程,“单向生长机制”观点认为,粉状触媒工艺中金刚石生长环境优越,合成的金刚石单晶均匀对称,TI、TII优于片状触媒产品。