海上风机支撑结构的时域和频域疲劳对比研究

对海上风机支撑结构进行动力响应分析,求出结构危险节点的载荷谱和功率谱密度函数,结合疲劳损伤模型和Dirlik概率模型,分别在时域和频域内对支撑结构进行疲劳寿命分析。由于时域法计算疲劳寿命需进行应力循环计数,这一过程需处理的数据庞大,耗时长。频域法省去应力循环计数,代之以概率密度函数,可相对准确、快速地计算结构的疲劳寿命。分析结果表明,采用Dirlik概率模型的频域分析法能较准确地反映海上风机支撑结构在随机载荷作用下的疲劳损伤情况,计算结果误差在可接受范围内。     

导管架式海上风机基础频域疲劳分析

海上风机基础长期受到环境载荷作用，其管节点、过渡段等薄弱部位易产生疲劳破坏，需进行疲劳强度校核。通过有限元软件建立结构模型，参考DNVGL-RP-C203划分结构有限元网格。由AQWA计算波浪载荷，Bladed计算风机气动载荷，使用APDL命令流快速加载、求解并读取结构应力。采用谱分析方法计算载荷单独作用下的结构应力谱，使用谱叠加原理计算风浪同时作用下的结构应力谱，采用Dirlik解析式计算疲劳寿命，完成疲劳校核，并给出优化建议。     

海上风机在三种风载荷作用下的疲劳分析方法研究

文章提出一种基于等效疲劳载荷的快速有效的结构优化设计方法,首先通过bladed模拟得到时域下的风载荷,然后通过雨流计数法则和等效损伤理论得到相应的疲劳载荷谱和等效疲劳载荷,接着以导管架式海上风机为例,利用AN-SYS对其进行三维建模,选取三种典型管节点和两种非管节点,基于热点应力法计算了其在三种风疲劳载荷作用下的疲劳损伤,通过比较三种载荷作用下的疲劳损伤结果,验证了等效疲劳载荷的可靠性.接着又计算了各等效疲劳载荷分量单独作用下的海上风机焊接节点的疲劳损伤,得出各疲劳载荷分量对疲劳总损伤的贡献,可以为设计者提供更好的载荷设计依据.相比于传统的时域疲劳分析方法和疲劳载荷谱方法,等效疲劳载荷方法更加方便有效.     

海上风机在三种风载荷作用下的疲劳分析方法研究（英文）

文章提出一种基于等效疲劳载荷的快速有效的结构优化设计方法,首先通过bladed模拟得到时域下的风载荷,然后通过雨流计数法则和等效损伤理论得到相应的疲劳载荷谱和等效疲劳载荷,接着以导管架式海上风机为例,利用ANSYS对其进行三维建模,选取三种典型管节点和两种非管节点,基于热点应力法计算了其在三种风疲劳载荷作用下的疲劳损伤,通过比较三种载荷作用下的疲劳损伤结果,验证了等效疲劳载荷的可靠性。接着又计算了各等效疲劳载荷分量单独作用下的海上风机焊接节点的疲劳损伤,得出各疲劳载荷分量对疲劳总损伤的贡献,可以为设计者提供更好的载荷设计依据。相比于传统的时域疲劳分析方法和疲劳载荷谱方法,等效疲劳载荷方法更加方便有效。     

随机波浪载荷作用下导管架平台动力响应及疲劳可靠性分析

主要针对波浪载荷作用下导管架式海洋平台结构的疲劳可靠性进行研究.采用Airy线性波浪理论,将导管架结构离散成空间梁有限单元结构;在此基础上采用结构模态分析方法,编程计算了平台结构在随机波浪载荷作用下的位移、速度、加速度和应力随机响应及其概率统计量.导管架结构疲劳可靠性分析建立在频域响应的基础上,假设结构响应的应力范围服从Rayleigh分布,利用结构应力传递函数得到结构应力响应谱,然后利用Miner线性累积损伤准则推导出结构疲劳寿命的概率分布函数,并考虑结构疲劳强度影响系数的随机性,求得结构在随机应力谱下给定疲劳寿命时的疲劳可靠性指标.文中所建立方法可用于导管架式平台结构的疲劳安全评估.     

船体直翼桨区域结构疲劳时域分析

针对船体直翼桨区域的结构疲劳问题,基于应力叠加原理,探讨激振载荷和波浪载荷联合作用下的结构响应时域计算流程.在此基础上,提出了该区域的结构疲劳时域分析方法.通过对某船进行疲劳损伤计算,分析了激振载荷和波浪载荷对疲劳寿命的影响.结果表明,2种载荷对直翼桨区域结构疲劳损伤占比较大,其中在靠近船体中线面附近,波浪载荷对结构疲...     

冰区海上风机的动力响应及疲劳分析

本文针对冰区作业的海上风机进行动力响应分析与疲劳损伤计算。采用Kaimal风速谱进行风载荷计算。采用K?rn?冰力谱进行冰载荷计算。分别进行风载荷、冰载荷与风冰联合作用3种不同工况下的海上风机动力响应分析与疲劳损伤评估。结果表明,风载荷作用下塔筒顶端位移要远大于冰载荷作用。风冰联合作用下风机在泥面处的支座反力与弯矩均大于单一载荷的作用。冰载荷作用下风机的疲劳损伤小于风载荷所造成的疲劳损伤,但风冰联合作用下风机的疲劳损伤均大于任一载荷单独作用。采用DNV方法计算得到的疲劳损伤值较接近风冰载荷联合作用计算结果,且偏于保守。     

冰区海上风机结构的冰激疲劳寿命分析

冰载荷是诱发冰区海上风机结构疲劳破坏的重要因素,通常采用加装抗冰锥体的方式将海冰的挤压破坏转化为弯曲破坏,从而减小峰值载荷并削弱冰激振动。针对锥体风机结构在冰载荷作用下的疲劳寿命开展分析。基于渤海辽东湾某海域的现场监测数据确定了有效冰期、冰厚、冰速等疲劳分析参数,在冰速0～100 cm/s、冰厚0～30 cm范围内均匀划分50种疲劳工况,并将二者的联合概率分布作为疲劳工况的发生概率;采用具有粘结-破碎功能的球体离散单元构造海冰模型,计算风机与平整冰相互作用时的冰载荷时程及对应的热点应力;采用雨流计数法提取热点应力时程中的有效循环次数,根据S-N曲线和Miner线性累积损伤准则进一步计算其冰激疲劳寿命;最后将计算结果与通过锥体结构随机冰力函数构造冰载荷时程而得到的疲劳寿命相比较,验证了基于海冰离散单元模型的冰载荷时程构造方法的安全性与可靠性。     

海上风机支撑结构时域疲劳研究

海上风机在实际工作中会受到多种交变载荷的影响,长期处于这种环境下,风机结构物会产生疲劳破坏。基于时域分析及雨流计数法理论,采用5 MW风机为研究模型,设计风机在某工况下,采用理论计算和仿真模拟2种方法对风机支撑结构进行研究,并将结果进行分析比较,得出结构物时域疲劳随风、浪、流的变化规律情况,为海上风机的设计与建造提供参考依据。     

基于FEM-BEM法考虑弹振效应的超大型船舶结构疲劳损伤分析

为了研究超大型船舶波激振动响应及其对结构疲劳损伤的影响,提出综合有限元-边界元(FEM-BEM)法和考虑船体弹振效应的谱分析法对超大型船舶结构疲劳损伤进行分析。首先,基于三维有限元模态分析法获取各阶振动的位移及应力振型和主质量等,作为三维频域水弹性理论预报的输入参数;然后,将水弹性理论预报所得的主坐标与三维有限元分析所得的应力振型结合并叠加,得到结构应力响应函数;最后,基于谱分析法,计算波浪载荷与弹振载荷对结构疲劳累积损伤的贡献度。研究表明,与传统梁理论和准静态有限元法相比,论文提出的方法可更合理地计算大型船舶的高频弹振响应及其对结构疲劳损伤的影响。     

Active response control of an offshore structure under wave loads using a modified probabilistic neural network

Offshore structures are subjected to wave, wind, and earthquake loads. The failure of offshore structures can cause sea pollution as well as loss of property and life. Therefore, the safety of such structures is an important issue. The reduction of the dynamic response of an offshore structure subjected to wind-generated random ocean waves is another critical problem with regard to the serviceability, fatigue life, and safety of the structure. In this article, the responses of offshore structures under random ocean waves are controlled using a modified probabilistic neural network (MPNN). As a more advanced method, it uses the global probability density function (PDF) produced by summing the heterogeneous local PDFs automatically determined from the individual standard deviation of each variable. The state vectors in a state-space model of a structure and the resulting control forces made by a linear quadratic regulator algorithm were used to generate the training patterns for the MPNN and a conventional multilayer perceptron (MLP). The results were compared with those produced by back-propagation based on the MLP. The proposed MPNN method shows good results not only in controlling the responses but also in terms of the computation time.     

超大型风机安装平台自升状态下的运动响应频域分析

针对自升自航式海上风机安装作业平台在风浪较大的海上风电场区域作业时风、浪、流载荷较大,影响安全的问题,基于SESAM软件,建立海上风机安装作业平台有限元模型,在频域内计算了波浪载荷和运动响应传递函数,并进行响应谱分析。结果表明,平台运动响应受波浪周期和浪向角的影响较大,当桩腿接近海底时,有可能对导致桩腿触底,在船舶设计以及船舶实际作业时应注意避免这种现象发生。     

Environmental lumping for efficient fatigue assessment of large-diameter monopile wind turbines

Fatigue damage is one of the governing factors for the design of offshore wind turbines. However, the full fatigue assessment is a time-consuming task. During the design process, the site-specific environmental parameters are usually condensed by a lumping process to reduce the computational effort. Preservation of fatigue damage during lumping requires an accurate consideration of the met-ocean climate and the dynamic response of the structure. Two lumping methods (time-domain and frequency-domain) have been evaluated for a monopile-based 10 MW offshore wind turbine, both based on damage-equivalent contour lines. Fatigue damage from lumped load cases was compared to full long-term fatigue assessment. The lumping methods had an accuracy of 94–98% for the total long-term fatigue damage and 90% for individual wind speed classes, for aligned wind and waves. Fatigue damage was preserved with the same accuracy levels for the whole support structure. A significant reduction of computational time (93%) was achieved compared to a full long-term fatigue assessment. For the cases with 30° and 60° wind-wave misalignment, there was a mean underestimation of approximately 10%. Variations in penetration depth did not affect the selection of the lumped sea-state parameters. This work presents a straightforward method for the selection of damage-equivalent lumped load cases, which can adequately preserve long-term fatigue damage throughout the support structure, providing considerable reduction of computational effort.     

MTMD to increase fatigue life for OWT jacket structures using Powell's method

The Powell's method was developed to determine the optimal stiffness and damping of multi-tuned mass dampers (MTMD) in offshore wind turbine (OWT) support structures under fatigue loads. Numerical examples indicated that the Powell's method results are always better than those using MTMD formulations. With the exception of the blade passing (3P) frequency, it was found in this work that a positive integer (n) multiple of the 3P frequency will also result in a large wind-induced vibration, which can be excited by the frequency of the first structural vertical rotation mode and will cause significant fatigue damage. The first translation mode TMD installed at the tower top is efficient to increase fatigue life at the tower and brace connections, but it cannot reduce fatigue damage at the column and brace connections below the platform. The second translation mode TMD can reduce fatigue damage resulting from large wave loads and thus increase the fatigue life of the braces and columns. The mode-3 TMD with a reduction in the 3(3P) vertical rotation can effectively increase the fatigue life of the braces and columns. Thus, the appropriate use of these TMDs can be effective for the fatigue problem of OWT support structures.     

Bottom effects on the tower base shear forces and bending moments of a shallow water offshore wind turbine

In this paper the tower base shear forces and bending moments of a shallow water offshore wind turbine have been rigorously calculated by using a nonlinear simulation method taking into account the bottom effects. It has been found that nonlinearly simulated realistic waves with bottom effects should be used as inputs in the stochastic time domain simulation in order to design an un-conservative support structure for the offshore wind turbine. In order to further improve the simulation efficiency, a transformed linear simulation method has been utilized in this paper for generating equivalent waves as those obtained from the nonlinear simulation method. The accuracy and efficiency of the transformed linear simulation method have been convincingly substantiated through the subsequent calculation examples in this article.     

单点系泊系统将军柱疲劳分析

渤海某FPSO的单点系泊装置固定塔架由导管架、将军柱和上部组块构成,其中将军柱是系泊力的主要承受构件之一,其结构安全至关重要。由于系泊力是典型的交变载荷,作用在结构上会产生疲劳损伤,因此有必要对将军柱进行在位期间的疲劳分析。本文提出一种长期海况下海上固定装置疲劳计算方法,通过AQWA软件建立单点系泊系统的多体耦合水动力模型模型,根据渤海的海况环境资料计算出FPSO运动时域内所受到的的系泊力;基于S-N曲线方法与Miner线性累计损伤理论,通过nCode Designlife疲劳计算软件计算将军柱结构的疲劳寿命和管节点的疲劳损伤;评估结构的疲劳强度,分析易发生疲劳的关键节点位置,并给出增加管节点疲劳寿命的建议及设计方法,为相同类型的海上固定式结构物的结构设计及疲劳分析提供有益的参考及借鉴。     

海洋风力电机支撑结构在风机故障状态下的动力响应研究

通过控制叶片的行为模拟风机故障状态,采用广义动态尾迹理论获得叶片的气动力载荷并将其加载到风机支撑结构顶部,最后获得故障情况下风机支撑结构危险截面的等效应力、弯曲应力和塔顶的位移等时程曲线。分析结果显示,风机故障情况将在短时间内急剧增大结构的动力响应。研究表明,应尽量减小故障情况对支撑结构造成的载荷影响,避免结构破坏。     

圆筒型FPSO上部模块支撑结构疲劳分析

与船型FPSO相比,圆筒型FPSO没有明显的总纵弯曲,上部模块与船体结构之间通常采用刚性支墩来连接,水平运动所产生的弯矩和装/卸载引起的船体垂向变形对模块支撑结构的影响较为显著。因此,以“希望6号”圆筒型FPSO上部模块支撑结构为研究对象,基于DNVGL船级社规范,介绍一种简化疲劳分析方法。以FPSO运动加速度和船体变形载荷作为载荷输入条件,利用SESAM/GeniE软件进行有限元分析,得到结构在所有组合工况下应力的扫描计算结果。根据作业海域各个方向波浪发生的概率,运用简化疲劳分析方法计算得到所关注节点的疲劳损伤和各个工况对结构节点疲劳损伤度的贡献。结果表明,所关注节点的疲劳强度均满足设计疲劳强度要求;同一节点的疲劳损伤对不同浪向的敏感度不一样。该简化疲劳分析方法同样适用于承受周期性载荷的FPSO上部模块主结构和其他型式海洋结构物的疲劳分析。     

Time domain analysis procedures for fatigue assessment of a semi-submersible wind turbine

Long term time domain analysis of the nominal stress for fatigue assessment of the tower and platform members of a three-column semi-submersible was performed by fully coupled time domain analyses in Simo-Riflex-AeroDyn. By combining the nominal stress ranges with stress concentration factors, hot spot stresses for fatigue damage calculation can be obtained. The aim of the study was to investigate the necessary simulation duration, number of random realisations and bin sizes for the discretisation of the joint wind and wave distribution. A total of 2316 3-h time domain simulations, were performed.In mild sea states with wind speeds between 7 and 9 m/s, the tower and pontoon experienced high fatigue damage due to resonance in the first bending frequency of the tower from the tower wake blade passing frequency (3P).Important fatigue effects seemed to be captured by 1 h simulations, and the sensitivity to number of random realisations was low when running simulations of more than 1 h. Fatigue damage for the tower base converged faster with simulation duration and number of random realisations than it did for the platform members.Bin sizes of 2 m/s for wind, 1 s for wave periods and 1 m for wave heights seemed to give acceptable estimates of total fatigue damage. It is, however, important that wind speeds that give coinciding 3P and tower resonance are included and that wave periods that give the largest pitch motion are included in the analysis.