基于CATIA V5的汽车三维标准件库的建立及DMU应用

伴随汽车产品数字样机DMU的发展及技术要求,汽车设计过程中的DMU不仅需要重要总成零部件的三维模型,而且需要导入大量存在于汽车上的三维标准件模型,对汽车产品进行从静态到动态,从设计到生产、到装配、到服务的完整的数字样机DMU检查分析,并生成产品技术文档资料.     

高速公路运营阶段安全性评价与分析

运用公路安全性评价标准对某现有高速公路运营阶段安全性进行评价与分析,通过计算运行速度和现场实测运行速度对其进行安全性检验,同时引入交通事故调查分析安全评价法鉴别事故黑点,有针对性地进行道路安全改造措施,保证车辆的行车安全。     

认知分心对车辆跟驰过程操控安全性的影响

为了研究车辆跟驰过程中驾驶人认知分心与驾驶安全的关系,采用驾驶模拟器构建城市道路车辆跟驰场景,并设计3种难度等级的认知分心次任务,采集35名被试驾驶人在试验过程中的方向盘转角、油门开度、制动踏板力等操作参数,以及车辆位置、速度、加速度等车辆运动参数。采用重复测量一般线性模型,分析不同等级认知分心对上述参数的影响。研究结果表明：在横向操控方面,随着认知分心程度增高,方向盘回转率增大,但车辆横向位置标准差减小,表明驾驶人处于认知分心时,采取频繁修正方向盘的补偿方式,降低车辆横向位置波动,过度补偿车辆横向安全性,且该补偿行为与认知分心程度正相关;在纵向操控方面,认知分心时,油门开度、制动踏板位置方差增大,且制动踏板位置均值增大,同时车头间距及时距未观察到显著性变化,表明认知分心时驾驶人采取频繁操作油门、制动踏板,增大制动幅度等方式进行补偿,使车头间距及车头时距等表征车辆纵向跟车安全性参数处于正常驾驶水平,但加速度标准差增大,表明跟车稳定性降低。研究结果为涉及分心的人车交互装置优化设计及考虑分心状态的驾驶人状态管理系统开发提供了一定的理论依据。     

山区高速公路曲线超高与汽车行驶安全

山区高速公路的建设带动了我国山区经济的发展,加强了地区间的经济联系。但其运营的安全性也比较突出,山区公路事故率一直较高,重、特大事故多。通过对我国山区高速公路车辆运行情况的实际调查和分析,探讨了路面超高与汽车行驶安全性的关系,阐述了汽车在曲线上行驶的特性,分析了一般情况和超载情况下汽车轮胎受力的大小,计算了不同路面超高和不同超载情况下汽车内、外侧轮胎受力的不均衡度。计算结果表明,路面超高越大,越容易引起车辆(特别是超载车辆)轮胎受力不均匀,严重的时候引起车胎爆裂,甚至翻车,对车辆的行驶安全不利。最后,结合《公路路线设计规范》(JTG D 20-2006)和道路交通安全法,对改善山区公路车辆行驶安全性提出了几点建议。     

基于驾驶人不满度的高速公路自动驾驶换道决策

为了实现高速公路的自由换道行为决策，并满足行车安全高效性、决策结果平稳无震荡、与运动规划模块结合引导车辆行驶等要求，提出了一种基于驾驶人不满度的换道行为决策方法。首先，根据驾驶人的速度期望建立了驾驶人不满度累积模型，并基于驾驶人速度不满累积度产生换道意图。其次，依据不同车道障碍车的运动状态，设计了2种目标车道选择策略，通过预测引擎对各个待选车道进行预测和评估，选取其中行车效率较高的车道作为目标车道，同时建立换道最小安全距离模型，用以在换道全过程中判断换道的可行性。然后，将换道行为决策的结果以目标车道的形式传递给基于改进人工势场的运动规划模块，用于运动规划模块目标的选取，以引导车辆横纵向运动。最后，在CarSim/PreScan/Simulink的联合仿真平台和硬件在环平台上建立多种测试场景，验证换道行为决策算法。试验结果表明：换道行为决策算法能够依据驾驶人速度不满累积度产生稳定的换道意图，进而根据所设计的换道策略选取具有更高行车效率的目标车道，并在换道过程中持续判断换道的可行性，以应对障碍车辆突然加减速等突发状况，保证换道过程的高效性和安全性；换道行为决策算法通过目标车道的转换，引导运动规划模块调整车辆的运动，实现跟车、换道等行为。     

Development and validation of side-impact crash and sled testing finite-element models

Side-impact collisions are the second leading cause of death and injury in the traffic accidents after frontal crashes. Side-impact airbags, side door bars and other protection techniques have been developed to provide occupant protection. To confirm the effectiveness of protection equipment installed in vehicles, studying the degree of impact is fundamental to understand the effect of automobile collisions on the human body. Therefore, the dynamic response of the human body to traffic accidents should be analyzed to reduce the level of occupant injuries. Generally, the experimental method is complex and expensive. Recently, numerical crash simulations have provided a valuable tool for automotive engineers. This work presents full-scale and sled side-impact test finite-element (FE) models - based on the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 214 - that simulate a side-impact accident. The crash simulations utilized the LS-DYNA finite-element code. The human body's dynamic response to crashes is discussed herein. Additionally, occupant injuries were measured. To verify the accuracy of the proposed crash test and sled test FE models, simulation results are compared with those obtained from experimental tests. The comparison results indicate that the proposed crash test and sled test FE models have considerable potential for assessing a vehicle's crash safety performance and assisting future development of safety technologies.     

工程车辆翻新轮胎承载变形特性

为了进一步明确工程车辆翻新轮胎的力学性能,提高其使用寿命,通过构建工程车辆翻新轮胎计算机几何模型、有限元分析模型、承载变形特性试验系统,对工程车辆翻新轮胎承载变形特性进行有限元分析及试验研究,并与同型号新轮胎进行对比分析,获得静态接地工况下工程车辆翻新轮胎的载荷-变形、载荷-刚度、载荷-压缩率等特性规律,构建26.5R25工程车辆翻新轮胎径向承载变形数学模型。研究结果表明：工程车辆翻新轮胎的径向变形、侧向变形变化规律与新轮胎接近,径向与侧向变形均比同型号新轮胎稍小;当胎压一定时,随着载荷的增加,工程车辆翻新轮胎径向变形呈线性增大,当胎压较低时侧向变形呈线性增大,当胎压较高时侧向变形呈非线性增大;工程车辆翻新轮胎的径向刚度及压缩率受径向载荷和胎压的影响较大,载荷一定时,径向刚度随胎压的增大而增大;胎压一定时,工程车辆翻新轮胎的压缩率随径向载荷的增大而增大,且稍小于同品牌、同型号新轮胎的压缩率;旧胎体的不同老化程度对工程车辆轮胎翻新后的承载-变形特性会产生较大的影响;在低载工况下,工程车辆翻新轮胎和新轮胎径向刚度差异不大,在接近标准载荷及高载工况下,工程车辆翻新轮胎径向刚度较新轮胎大,且随着载荷的增大,工程车辆翻新轮胎和新轮胎径向变形差异不断加大。     

具有地面不平度预测量系统的主动悬架系统的连续模糊控制

本文采用连续模糊控制方法来实现具有地面不平度预测量系统的主动悬架动力装置的控制，并通过模拟计算证明了采用此方法可使汽车和行驶平顺性和行驶安全性同时得到有效改善，结果还明，它可以有效降低主动系统消耗的最大功率和一定程度降低总能量的消耗。     

A Conceptual Framework for Active Safety in Road Traffic

Starting from a short review of the classical definition of traffic safety as given by Wilfert, 1966, a novel classification scheme for Active Safety in the form of a fault tree is being derived. The discussion will consider human factors implications of the new technical potential of artificial recognition of the vehicle's traffic environment. As a typical example of driver assistance systems Adaptive Cruise Control ACC will be described.     

Energy Requirements of a Passive and an Electromechanical Active Suspension System

Passive suspensions are designed to dissipate the energy otherwise transferred to a vehicle's body through interactions with a roadway or terrain. A bond graph representation of an independent suspension design was developed to study the energy flow through a vehicle. The bond graph model was tuned and validated through experimental tests and was found to produce suitable results. Examining the bond graph reveals that the dissipated energy associated with vertical and transverse coordinates generally originates from the longitudinal motion of the vehicle and is transferred through the tire-ground contact patch. Additionally, since the longitudinal energy originates from the vehicle's engine, the energy dissipated via the suspension shock absorber as well as other components (e.g., mechanical joints, etc.) essentially dissipate some engine energy. The plots presented in the paper support this theory by showing that upon traveling a rough terrain, the vehicle's longitudinal velocity drops more when vertical vibrations increase. Results show that a vehicle equipped with a passive suspension experiences a larger velocity drop compared to one with an active suspension traversing the same rough terrain. The paper compares the results of simulation of an analytical bond graph model of an active suspension system with experimental results and finds good agreement between the two. Other simulations show that relative to passive suspensions, not only do active suspensions yield substantial improvement in ride quality, they can also result in substantial energy savings. This paper concludes that if electromechanical actuators are supplemented by passive springs to support the vehicle static weight, the amount of energy required for operation of actuators is significantly less than the amount dissipated by conventional shock absorbers.     

奔驰轿车的行驶稳定性电子控制系统

电子稳定程序（ＥＳＰ）控制系统是一种在各种行驶条件下能提高车辆行驶稳定性的主动安全体系。ＥＳＰ控制模块根据输入信号确定在当前行驶条件下，以下６种工作模式中的一些应被接通，即普通模式、ＡＢＳ控制模式、ＡＳＲ控制模式、ＭＳＲ控制模式、ＥＳＰ控制模式及ＥＳＰ切断模式。     

汽车轮胎压力监测系统的电路实现

汽车轮胎压力监测系统（TPMS）是新兴、有效防止爆胎的汽车安全装置,该系统通过对轮胎压力的监测进行轮胎的异常报警,保障行车的安全,文章介绍了直接式TPMS的工作原理和特点,提出了本系统的总体结构,随后进行了系统核心芯片的选型,并对轮胎检测模块提出相应的方案．,根据系统总体方案,进行了各个模块的硬件设计,并设计了电路原理图和印制电路板。     

电控发动机控制系统及优化匹配研究

开发出了一种具有自主知识产权的多点喷射发动机电控系统,并将其装置在491Q发动机上,进行了大量的整车优化匹配研究,使该车的排放指标达到欧Ⅱ排放法规的要求,发动机最大功率提高11%,整车动力性超过技术要求,取得显著成效。     

高速公路直线段最大长度合理取值研究

从车辆运行状态的角度出发,将直线段上车辆的运行分为加速行驶、匀速行驶和减速行驶3个过程,分析了车辆在不同行驶过程中的行驶时间与行驶距离,以直线段上最长行驶时间70 s作为最大直线段长度的控制条件,推导了基于运行车速的高速公路直线段最大长度计算模型。模型表明设计速度为120 km/h的高速公路直线段最大长度要比20倍设计速度小,而其他设计速度的高速公路则要视直线段相邻曲线起终点的运行车速而定。以现场实测数据为依据,建立了高速公路平曲线起终点小型车运行车速与平曲线半径的回归模型,并给出了计算实例。基于运行车速确定高速公路直线段最大长度能够较好地满足驾驶员的实际需求,提出的计算模型可为高速公路设计及安全审计提供依据。     

红外国像处理在汽车昉撞系统中的运用

基于红外图像的视觉处理,提出了新的汽车夜视安全控制方法.通过对车载热像仪所拍摄的红外图像的一系列处理,包括图像滤噪、图像分割和图像分析,得到前方车辆的排气管的形心坐标.根据这个坐标和已知的参数,建立测距几何模型,可以实时得到本车与前车的距离.指出将这一控制识别方法可以用在汽车防撞系统中,具有一定的应用前景.     

Car Parameters Identification by Handling Manoeuvres

A methodology is presented for identifying car parameters by studying the vehicle's handling. The methodology is based on the Kalman filter and makes it possible to determine the parameters on the basis of the results obtained from standard, on-road handling manoeuvres.     

基于近似模型的车辆操纵稳定性及平顺性的优化研究

简述了基于近似模型的车辆操纵稳定性及平顺性的优化设计方法.利用多体动力学软件ADAMS/Car建立了某轿车整车多体动力学模型,并确定了车辆操纵稳定性及平顺性的评价目标.以悬架弹簧刚度、减振器阻尼特性和横向稳定杆刚度为设计变量,利用近似优化数学模型对该轿车进行了操纵稳定性和行驶平顺性的多目标优化计算.结果表明,近似模型技术对于汽车性能的平衡优化是一种十分有效的方法.     

基于小波分解的航空地面电源车故障信号趋势特征的提取

论述了现代空战条件下航空地面电源车故障信号趋势特征提取的必要性和多分辨率分析在处理大数据量趋势特征提取的优越性;并在此基础上给出了航空地面电源车故障信号趋势特征提取的一般方法;最后,通过对某型航空地面电源车稳态输出电压信号的分析、故障判别,证实了该方法的有效性。     

世界智能车辆行人检测技术综述

对世界智能车辆行人检测技术进行综述,重点介绍世界主要发达国家智能车辆行人检测技术的研究方法以及所采用的传感器,提出了智能车辆行人检测技术当前存在的一些问题,展望了今后的发展趋势。     

Frequency-domain method for evaluating the ride comfort of a motorcycle

In many European towns, the demand for fast and efficient mobility is frequently satisfied by means of two-wheeled vehicles. The improvement of comfort of two-wheeled vehicles used by tired and busy workers can increase safety in ground transport. Nowadays, multibody codes make it possible to predict the ride comfort of two-wheeled vehicles by means of time-domain or frequency-domain simulations. Comfort indices can be developed by post-processing the results of numerical simulations. This task is difficult, because the indices should depend on vehicle characteristics and should be independent of road quality and vehicle speed. Poor quality roads may generate nonlinear effects. Speed influences the trim of the vehicle and the wheelbase filtering, which takes place because the same road unevenness excites the front and rear wheel with a time delay which depends on the vehicle's speed.

In this paper, the comfort of two-wheeled vehicles is studied by means of a frequency-domain approach. The wheelbase filtering is averaged considering typical missions of the vehicle. The missions are journeys with a forward speed that assumes different values according to a probability density function. Indices of comfort are calculated taking into account the human sensitivity. The examples show that the proposed comfort indices depend on suspensions' characteristics and, hence, are useful design tools. Finally, some time-domain calculations are carried out to give emphasis to nonlinear effects and to show the limits of the frequency-domain analysis.