2021年燃料电池汽车公告统计及分析

本文整合了2021年12个批次《新能源汽车推广应用推荐车型目录》中燃料电池汽车上榜情况，通过分析燃料电池汽车整车及燃料电池系统生产企业、燃料电池汽车车型、燃料电池汽车续驶里程、燃料电池系统额定功率等关键申报信息，得出2021年燃料电池行业发展规律及概述，为未来燃料电池行业发展提供相关参考。     

燃料电池汽车整车热管理方案研究

热管理系统的研究在燃料电池汽车的整车开发中有着非常重要的意义。本文对国家863项目中燃料电池汽车几种不同的整车热管理方案进行了研究,计算出不同设计方案下FCE散热器、PCU散热器和空调冷凝器的散热量,并进行对比分析,得到了最优的热管理系统散热方案。同时简单介绍了热管理控制策略。本文的研究结果对燃料电池汽车整车热管理系统的设计具有重要参考价值。     

西安市加氢站建设与管理的政策分析

本文通过国内外氢燃料车加氢站的建设情况,以及国内加氢站政策现状等方面的阐述,分析了西安市今后加氢站建设管理政策,为后续加氢站的建设从立项、报建、施工、验收投产到运营等各个环节提供了参考借鉴。     

北京公交集团新能源公交车研究及应用

"节能减排"是我国应对全球性能源与环境问题的战略任务,发展节能与新能源汽车是这一战略任务的重要内容.新能源汽车主要包括纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车和燃料电池汽车等.目前,国际上纯电动车的研发和示范主要集中在轿车等小型车上,尚无公交车批量使用的先例;混合动力汽车相对发展较快,如日本开发的混合动力轿车全球销量已经突破百万辆,在美国已有近20个城市应用混合动力公共汽车.北京公共交通控股(集团)有限公司是国内最早着手研发纯电动汽车的企业,并率先开展了纯电动公交车和混合动力公交车的规模示范应用.     

金豹LNG卡车运输项目

液化天然气(LNG)汽车是继压缩天然气(CNG)和液化石油气(LPG)汽车之后的一种新型环保汽车。其特点是汽车车载瓶内加注的是液态的天然气,与CNG相比携带天然气量更多、续驶里程长(300～1200km左右)、气质洁净;与柴油车相比低温启动性好。通过该项目,新疆金豹物流有限公司将原有的运输车辆全部改造或更新为以液化天然气(LNG)为燃料的车辆。通过一年的运营,在取得了良好的经济效益的同时,也达到了节能减排的效果。     

汽车租赁(之五)

投资效益分析汽车租赁的投资效益分析是汽车租赁项目决策的重要依据。在影响投资收益的诸多因素中,租金收入对投资收益的影响最重要,其次是购置车辆的固定成本。由于投资收益由租金收入和运营车辆残值销售收入构成,而租金收入基本与运营时间成正比;运营车辆残值与运营时间成反比。所以投资收益的最大值是租金收入、运营车辆残值由运营时间确定的边际收益。     

争论没有停止 政策不断加码

<正>财政部、科技部、工业和信息化部、发展改革委联合颁发《2016-2020年新能源汽车推广应用财政支持政策》,再次引发新能源客车技术路线和补贴标准的争论。各部委对新能源汽车产业发展方向仍然没有完全达成共识,而国际社会对新能源汽车更多的共识是燃料电池汽车;国有大型汽车企业和民间资本家都对新能源汽车发展表现出不同的倾向性态度,社会各界的学者也对推广应用电动汽车发出不同声音。自2009年以来,新能源汽车政策已多次改变。政府对新能源汽车的定义只包括燃料电池汽车、电池电动汽车和插电式混合动力汽车,     

严禁高耗能车辆入市运营

6月22日，交通运输部第6次部务会议审议通过了《道路运输车辆燃料消耗量检测和监督管理办法》（以下简称《办法》）．这为道路运输业立足车辆源头，控制运营车辆燃料消耗量，实现节能减排目标提供了基础保障。     

汽车钣金喷涂流水线生产方式应用

该项目是在原有4S店园区运营模式基础上,推广汽车钣金喷涂流水线生产方式,将汽车钣金喷漆生产集中统一进行,利用规模化优势,实现了集约化生产,有效提高了汽车钣金喷涂的生产效率与服务水平,切实降低了单车喷涂的能源消耗量;同时采用了中央集尘式系统、烤漆房废气集中排放净化处理系统、中水处理系统等集中降污系统,大幅减少了干磨过程中产生的原子灰等粉尘以及烤房的废气排放,废水净化后形成的中水还可重复利用,实现了汽车钣金喷漆工艺的绿色生产。同时,采用废机油燃烧器节能系统,将车辆维修过程中产生的废机油替代柴油作为燃料,还逐步批量利用电烤房替代燃油烤房,彻底改变了烤房的燃料结构,实现了柴油燃料的零使用,也杜绝了废机油的无序排放。     

用经济、技术手段为“节能减排”拉下双重闸门 访福建省汽车运输总公司总经理王闽寅

<正>对于汽车运输企业来说,节能减排不仅仅是响应国家的大政方针,还关系着企业的经济效益。如何把利国利民利己的节能减排工作做好,成为各个企业的重点工作。在交通运输行业第二批节能减排典型示范项目中,福建省汽车运输总公司的"严格营运车辆准入,优化车辆技术结构"项目从影响汽车燃料消耗量的主要因素,即车辆技术、运行环境及汽车运用三大方面入手,为汽车运输企业如何降低燃料消耗探索出了一条值得借鉴的途径。     

Hierarchical travel demand estimation using multiple data sources: A forward and backward propagation algorithmic framework on a layered computational graph

Aiming to develop a theoretically consistent framework to estimate travel demand using multiple data sources, this paper first proposes a multi-layered Hierarchical Flow Network (HFN) representation to structurally model different levels of travel demand variables including trip generation, origin/destination matrices, path/link flows, and individual behavior parameters. Different data channels from household travel surveys, smartphone type devices, global position systems, and sensors can be mapped to different layers of the proposed network structure. We introduce Big data-driven Transportation Computational Graph (BTCG), alternatively Beijing Transportation Computational Graph, as the underlying mathematical modeling tool to perform automatic differentiation on layers of composition functions. A feedforward passing on the HFN sequentially implements 3 steps of the traditional 4-step process: trip generation, spatial distribution estimation, and path flow-based traffic assignment, respectively. BTCG can aggregate different layers of partial first-order gradients and use the back-propagation of “loss errors” to update estimated demand variables. A comparative analysis indicates that the proposed methods can effectively integrate different data sources and offer a consistent representation of demand. The proposed methodology is also evaluated under a demonstration network in a Beijing subnetwork.     

An energy-efficient scheduling approach to improve the utilization of regenerative energy for metro systems

Regenerative braking is an energy recovery mechanism that converts the kinetic energy during braking into electricity, also known as regenerative energy. In general, most of the regenerative energy is transmitted backward along the pantograph and fed back into the overhead contact line. To reduce the trains’ energy consumption, this paper develops a scheduling approach to coordinate the arrivals and departures of all trains located in the same electricity supply interval so that the energy regenerated from braking trains can be more effectively utilized to accelerate trains. Firstly, we formulate an integer programming model with real-world speed profiles to minimize the trains’ energy consumption with dwell time control. Secondly, we design a genetic algorithm and an allocation algorithm to find a good solution. Finally, we present numerical examples based on the real-life operation data from the Beijing Metro Yizhuang Line in Beijing, China. The results show that the proposed scheduling approach can reduce energy consumption by 6.97% and save about 1,054,388 CNY (or 169,223 USD) each year in comparison with the current timetable. Compared to the cooperative scheduling (CS) approach, the proposed scheduling approach can improve the utilization of regenerative energy by 36.16% and reduce the total energy consumption by 4.28%.     

崇文门地铁车站管幕预支护施工效应模拟分析

北京地铁五号线崇文门站下穿既有地铁一号线区间隧道,车站顶板与区间隧道底板间距2.858 m,施工中为了严格控制既有环线区间隧道的沉降,确保环线地铁运营安全,首次采用了管幕预支护技术。文章采用3D-S igm a三维有限元软件对施工效应进行模拟分析,预测车站施工引起的既有隧道的沉降量,以确定合理的管幕预支护参数及其作用效果。     

Modeling the effects of congestion on fuel economy for advanced power train vehicles

Fuel-speed curves (FSC) are used to account for the aggregate effects of congestion on fuel consumption in transportation scenario analysis. This paper presents plausible FSC for conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and for advanced vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles, fully electric vehicles (EVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) using a fuel consumption model with transient driving schedules and a set of 145 hypothetical vehicles. The FSC shapes show that advanced power train vehicles are expected to maintain fuel economy (FE) in congestion better than ICE vehicles, and FE can even improve for EV and FCV in freeway congestion. In order to implement these FSC for long-range scenario modeling, a bounded approach is presented which uses a single congestion sensitivity parameter. The results in this paper will assist analysis of the roles that vehicle technology and congestion mitigation can play in reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles.     

京张高铁自动驾驶列车技术规章适应分析与制修订建议研究

自动驾驶列车是京张高铁智能化的一个重要体现,该项智能技术设备的运用对既有行车组织、设备维修、旅客服务等方面产生了较大的影响。为充分发挥智能设备的先进功能,需要与之相配套的技术规章体系。本文研究智能驾驶技术对行车组织、设备维修、旅客服务等方面的影响,分析既有相关技术规章的适应性,并从自动驾驶技术设备运用、管理、维修的角度出发,提出技术规章制修订的建议。论文的研究为京张高铁自动驾驶智能设备的运用提供保障,也为智能京张的技术规章体系构建提供技术支撑。     

Platinum,fuel cells,and future US road transport

The rate at which fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) might displace the conventional fleet is examined under constraints imposed by the limited availability of platinum. It concludes that a transition period as short as 31 years is not feasible. Under the most favorable circumstances, a complete transition of the US fleet to this new technology would require about 66 years and 10,800 net tonnes of platinum. Platinum demand for the US auto industry alone would amount to 48% of world production during much of that transition period. The effect of that demand on the price of platinum would add to the problem of reducing vehicle cost to a competitive range. If US platinum consumption were to remain at its current level of 16% of annual world production, fleet conversion would require 146 years. These results imply that, without alternative catalysts, fuel cells alone cannot adequately address the issues facing the current system of road transport.     

Real-time automatic rescheduling strategy for an urban rail line by integrating the information of fault handling

In the operation of urban rails, faults are inevitable, which leads to deviation between the actual timetable and the planned timetable. In nowadays, timetable rescheduling strategies rarely integrate the information of fault handling. In this paper, we develop a real-time automatic rescheduling strategy, which integrates the dynamic information of fault handling. The rescheduled timetable is obtained by a mathematical optimization model, the constraints set of which is automatically generated and adjusted as more information of fault handling is feedback. Compared with the experience-based rescheduling methods, the automatic rescheduling strategy reacts more quickly, and uses the information of fault handling more efficiently. A simulation system for testing the automatic rescheduling strategy is built, which uses the data of the Beijing Yizhuang metro line. Via testing on the simulation system, the effectiveness and efficiency of the automatic rescheduling strategy are validated.     

Does the increase of public transit fares deteriorate air quality in Beijing?

Since 2006, Beijing lowered its public transit fares as a way to improve air quality. However, Beijing increased public transportation fare prices from December 28, 2014, and commuters pay for the distance they traveled rather than a flat fare. This paper explores the effect of Beijing public transit fares increase on air quality. We collect daily data of air pollution and weather variables and use synthetic control method of Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003) to select control units. We then estimate a difference-in-differences model and assess the effect of the policy on air quality index (AQI). We find a 16.28% increase in air pollution in short run. However, we find no longer-run effect on air quality.     

地铁下穿既有线和扩大基础桥梁施工方案研究

北京地铁六号线朝阳门—东大桥区间隧道下穿既有地铁二号线朝阳门站和二环主路朝阳门桥施工,工程难度极大,施工安全控制极为重要。为研究新建隧道施工过程对围岩与既有结构的影响,保证施工期间既有结构的安全使用、有效控制地表沉降,针对本工程拟定了不同施工方案并采用有限元计算软件MIDAS-GTS进行三维仿真模拟,分析其对围岩与下穿建筑物的变形控制效果。依据既有结构沉降控制标准,最终提出采用新建隧道与既有车站零距离刚对刚接触、自隧道两侧同时开挖、在既有车站两侧同时施做水平旋喷桩的方案。该方案将为六号线下穿既有车站和扩大基础桥梁的设计与施工提供理论依据。     

北京市轨道交通房山线功能定位分析研究

轨道交通线路功能定位对确定线路的技术标准、运营模式、系统制式等具有决定作用.房山线作为北京近期建设的轨道交通，其功能定位存在较多不确定因素，是北京线网规划阶段一个尚未完全解决的问题，也是项目可行性研究的难点之一。通过研究各层面关键因素对房山线功能的影响，对其定位进行分析，从而为该线的设计提供参考.