半开式径向叶轮上游预旋流动研究

叶轮进口上游的预旋流动是影响流体机械水力及空化性能的重要因素,主要采用粒子成像测速（PIV）技术对半开式径向叶轮上游的预旋流动进行试验研究。通过对比不同转速和流量工况下的PIV试验结果,发现在叶轮上游吸入管内均存在与叶轮旋转方向一致的预旋流动,且偏离设计工况越远、距离叶轮越近、其预旋速度相应也越大。同时,叶轮旋转的影响还可通过流道向上游传播,继而在吸入管内诱导产生涡量场。因此,有必要基于RANS方程组及RNG k-ε湍流模型进行叶轮全流道三维湍流流场的数值模拟。结合试验和数值模拟的结果,可发现吸入管内部预旋流动主要为沿旋转方向的周向流动,而沿半径方向的径向流动很小,且径向速度在数值上要比周向速度小一个量级。     

双吸泵的多相位定常三维数值模拟

采用ANSYS CFX软件,以雷诺时均(RANS)方程和剪切应力输运(Shear Stress Transport,SST)湍流模型为基础,对双吸泵设计工况进行了多相位定常三维数值计算。模拟结果揭示了泵扬程随叶轮与蜗壳相对位置的变化规律,其平均值与试验值较接近。获取了叶轮通道的流场分布、蜗壳进口截面上压力和速度分布规律及蜗壳特征断面上漩涡结构演化特征。结果表明,多相位定常流动数值模拟在节省大量计算资源的前提下可反映出泵内流场的非定常流动特性。     

翼/板结合部涡旋流动结构与壁面脉动压力的大涡模拟研究

壁面脉动压力是湍流非定常特性的重要表征,而且是重要的流体动力声源,所以对于脉动压力的研究已经成为流声耦合研究领域的重要课题。文章采用大涡模拟方法结合动态Smagorinsky亚格子涡模型,数值计算了两型翼/板结合部在不同流速下的湍流脉动压力,并展示了结合部马蹄涡流动结构。通过将计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析可知,数值计算方法能准确地预报湍流脉动压力,从而为理解翼/板结合部非定常流动的物理机理奠定了基础。     

叶片厚度对混流泵性能的影响研究

采用高质量结构化网格离散混流泵计算域,基于雷诺时均(RANS)方程和剪切应力输运(SST)湍流模型对混流泵内流场进行数值模拟.采用多种定性和定量指标对不同叶轮叶片厚度时混流泵的扬程、功率和效率特性及叶轮进、出口的流场流动情况进行对比分析.结果表明:在相同流量下,随叶轮叶片厚度减薄,泵的扬程和功率增加,且最高效率点向大流量工况偏移,最高效率略有升高;叶轮叶片厚度减薄提高了流场流动均匀度,改善了叶片表面压力分布情况,使空化性能得以改善.     

非均匀流中E779A螺旋桨空化涡流演变及压力脉动数值分析

本文对E779A螺旋桨非定常空化流动进行了数值模拟研究，通过对螺旋桨流场中的压力脉动及涡量场的分析，探讨了空化对压力脉动以及涡流场的影响。计算中采用了k-ωSST湍流模型和Zwart-Gerber-Belamri空化模型。数值模拟的结果表明：预测的非定常空化形态与试验结果基本一致；周期性演变的非定常空化会诱发大幅度周期性变化的压力脉动。此外，本文使用了相对涡量输运方程进行进一步分析，结果表明，空化引起的涡量拉伸、收缩膨胀和斜压力矩会促进涡的产生和发展，从而加剧流场的不稳定性。     

叶轮旋向对喷水推进器噪声性能的影响

文章运用计算流体力学和直接边界元方法计算叶轮旋向对喷水推进器水下辐射噪声性能的影响。首先,采用计算流体力学方法计算和分析了某喷水推进泵的裸泵性能曲线,并与厂商数据比较以验证CFD计算方法;然后,计算某“船体+流道+喷水推进泵”的稳态流场,在此基础上计算喷泵内的非定常流场,并获得了叶轮叶片、导叶叶片、轮毂和外壳壁面上的偶极源以及固体壁面上的单元和节点信息;最后,采用直接边界元方法计算喷水推进泵的声场分布。结果表明：喷泵内最大压力脉动在叶轮进口处,压力脉动幅值从轮毂到轮缘逐渐增大;叶轮进口处的压力脉动幅值外旋泵比内旋的大,但在叶轮和导叶相互作用区域则相反;在10～1000 Hz内,叶轮和导叶相互作用区域对于辐射噪声的贡献是最主要的;内旋泵的总声压比外旋泵的总声压级大2.4 dB。     

基于Fluent的输液管路压力波动仿真

流体压力波动是管道系统产生异常振动与噪声的主要根源之一。为了研究输液管道不同工况下的压力波动特性,利用计算流体动力学软件Fluent,对其内部流场进行三维非定常数值模拟,并分析在不同转速和背压工况下管路不同位置的压力波动特性。通过数值分析发现:管内流体的压力波动主要是由泵的周期性吸排作用引起,而且随着输液泵转速的增加而增加;管道不同位置的压力波动大小不同,在弯管密集处压力波动相对较大。最后利用实验验证了仿真模型的有效性。本文对于管路设计和振动治理有一定指导作用。     

大流量无堵塞旋流泵的优化设计及实验研究

依据三要素设计方法及相关经验公式，对大流量无堵塞旋流泵主要结构参数的尺寸进行初步确定，用ANSYS CFX软件对初始设计的旋流泵进行外特性预测后发现，工况点处扬程仅达到设计扬程的77.1%,效率高出设计效率的24.2%。对主要部件叶轮外径D₂、宽度b₂和包角ψ等进行逐步优化，得到较优化的旋流泵模型，该泵工况点处扬程高出设计扬程3.2%,效率高出设计效率30.5%。为了验证模拟计算的准确性，对实体旋流泵进行了清水输送实验，工况点处实验扬程高出模拟扬程0.7%,实验效率高出模拟效率6.4%。     

旋转式能量回收装置压力脉动特性分析

为了研究旋转式能量回收装置进出口处压力脉动的分布及频谱特性，采用非定常湍流模型对旋转式能量回收装置的不同工况进行数值模拟，分析不同工况下旋转式能量回收装置的压力脉动特性和装置内部流场分布，结果表明：旋转式能量回收装置转子与定子动静干涉是其产生压力脉动现象的重要原因，压力脉动会沿着流道传递至出口处，传递的过程中压力脉动的幅值会逐渐减小，转速和流量的提高都会增大压力脉动的幅值；压力脉动的主频与转子转频和孔道数的乘积有良好的对应关系，能量回收装置内部涡的产生频率与压力脉动的主要频率基本一致，而装置内部涡的产生是由转子与定子的动静干涉引起的。该研究有效揭示了旋转式能量回收装置压力脉动的特征和机理，对于装置压力脉动的利用和控制具有参考价值。     

内射流对离心泵汽蚀性能和空化流动的影响

基于标准k-ε湍流模型,结合Zwart-Gerber-Belamri空化模型,对比转速为69的离心泵进行数值模拟,揭示内射流结构对泵内部空化流动的影响机理,比较射流孔径对泵汽蚀性能的影响,分析内射流引起的空化泡形态分布和演变规律.结果表明:射流孔的存在导致泵叶轮流道在进口抽真空状态下更易发生空化,射流孔径越大,对流道中空化发展的影响越强烈;当射流孔直径为6 mm时,在0.8倍、1.2倍和1.4倍设计工况下,模型泵的临界空化余量分别增加17％、69％和5％.由于内射流的轴向速度较大,在剪切层形成局部低压区,其自身更易发生空化.当有效空化余量降低时,在小流量工况下,叶轮进口轴线附近率先出现螺旋型空化带,并逐渐转化为范围更大的空泡团;在大流量工况下,空化发展缓慢,仅发展出空化带结构.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.