Dry sliding wear behavior of silver containing Ni-based composite-steel tribo-pair

Ni-based self lubricating composites containing four different amounts of silver were prepared by powder metallurgy (PM) route. The room temperature friction and wear behavior was investigated by carrying out dry sliding experiments against bearing steel using a ring-on-disk configuration. Tests were conducted at a constant load of 100N and different sliding speeds of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s to analyze the effect of both the speed and the silver content on the wear behavior of the tribo-pair. The friction coefficient and the wear rate of the composites were found to decrease with increasing both the sliding speed and the silver content. The wear rate of the counterface was observed to be a little higher when it was siding against the composite having silver in comparison to that without any silver. However, the overall wear rate of the tribo-pair was found to decrease with increasing sliding speed and silver content.     

Experimental study on frictional and sealing performances of packing rings in an oil-free gas compressor

To enhance the reliability and to extend service life of packing rings, tribological and sealing performances are investigated based on the experimental results. Friction force, leakage rate and power consumption of three materials of pressure packing seals are measured in a refitted vertical gas compressor. The rings are made of common filled polytetrafluroethylene (Filled PTFE), PTFE reinforced with 30% mass fraction carbon fiber (30%CF+PTFE), and carbon-carbon composites infiltrated with PTFE (C/C+PTFE), respectively. It is found that packing rings will periodically vibrate with the periodic vibration of pressure packing after the travel direction of motion abruptly turns to the reverse direction. Furthermore, the amplitude of vibration slows down with the increasing crank angle. Approximate value of friction force is available by multiple-point fast Fourier transformation (FFT) employed to process the experimental results by reducing the impact of vibration to a great extent. Of three materials of rings employed in experiments, Filled PTFE presents minimal leakage rate accompanied with maximum power consumption. And 30%CF+PTFE exhibits minimum friction power and moderate leakage rate. As for C/C+PTFE, its high mechanical and thermal properties are favorable factors to enhance the ability of operating under high pressure and velocity and to improve the wear resistance. Unfortunately, this also leads to a large leakage rate. Comprehensive consideration should be taken into to evaluate the availability, reliability and service life for a type of packing ring under dry running conditions.     

Friction and wear performances of hot filament chemical vapor deposition multilayer diamond films coated on silicon carbide under water lubrication

Tribological properties of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond films greatly affect its application in the mechanical field. In this paper, a novel multilayer structure is proposed, with which multilayer diamond films are deposited on silicon carbide by hot filament CVD (HFCVD) method. The different micrometric diamond grains are produced by adjusting deposition parameters. The as-deposited multilayer diamond films are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and white-light interferometry. The friction tests performed on a reciprocating ball-on-plate tribometer suggest that silicon carbide presents the friction coefficient of 0.400 for dry sliding against silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) ceramic counterface. With the water lubrication, the corresponding friction coefficients of silicon carbide and as-deposited multilayer diamond films further reduce to 0.193 and 0.051, respectively. The worn surfaces indicate that multilayer diamond films exhibit considerably high wear resistance.     

内燃机活塞组件-缸套系统表面技术研究进展

通过分析与总结国内外内燃机活塞组件-缸套系统表面技术研究现状和发展趋势,梳理了表面织构和表面涂层技术在内燃机关键运动副减摩抗磨与节能应用中的特点; 剖析了表面织构加工技术、表面织构形貌特征与分布、表面涂层制备工艺、表面耐磨涂层、表面热障涂层和表面技术与润滑的协同效应对运动副摩擦性能的影响。分析结果表明:激光表面织构(LST)能有效改善运动副表面的摩擦学性能,直接/间接激光冲击表面织构(LSSP)技术已成为高效、灵活的表面织构加工方法,但由于织构加工工艺、形貌和分布特征对摩擦学性能的影响较为复杂,仍需进一步结合内燃机活塞组件-缸套系统的工况特性研究并优化表面织构的形貌和分布特征; 大气等离子喷涂(APS)和超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂制备的耐磨涂层和热障涂层(TBC)具有良好的耐磨、隔热和抗氧化性,可使内燃机活塞组件-缸套系统表面金属基复合材料、类金刚石(DLC)材料、纳米复合材料和陶瓷材料涂层的减摩抗磨和节能成效明显,但涂层材料种类繁多,很难形成统一的行业标准、规范以及工业化应用; 内燃机活塞组件-缸套系统的动力学特性和表面织构、表面涂层与润滑的协同作用复杂,将来仍需综合考虑多场条件下各种表面技术耦合的减摩抗磨机理,进一步完善内燃机活塞组件-缸套系统表面复合理论和技术体系,为内燃机产业的绿色和高效发展提供技术指导。      

受电弓滑板载流磨损机理演变过程试验研究

为了研究高速弓网系统材料载流摩擦磨损行为,采用高速环-块式载流磨损试验机,研究了载流200 A、法向载荷70 N、滑动速度80~160 km/h条件下,纯碳滑板/铜合金接触线之间电弧放电现象和纯碳滑板的载流磨损特性,并用光学显微镜来观察滑板磨损表面形貌.研究结果表明:随着试验时间的增加,滑板振动和电弧放电现象逐渐加剧,电弧放电频率先增加后逐渐趋于稳定,电弧平均单次放电能量也增加,滑板磨损量缓慢增加后快速上升;当滑动速度为160 km/h时,试验时间50 min的磨损率(0.037 27 g/km)是试验时间10 min磨损率(0.013 40 g/km)的3倍;高速载流条件下,滑板磨损机理随着试验的进行发生了由轻微机械磨损到重机械磨损伴随轻微电弧侵蚀,最后转变为机械磨损和电弧侵蚀共存状态的变化.      

宽温域下高速轮轨界面粘着与车轮表面损伤行为

搭建了高低温服役环境轮轨滚动试验台，在实验室条件下成功再现了哈大线等高寒铁路冬季车轮表面剥落和麻点严重、夏季异常光滑的季节性损伤特征；研究了宽温域(-50 ℃~60 ℃)下高速列车轮轨界面粘着和车轮损伤行为，系统探讨了不同服役温度下轮轨滚动接触界面的粘着系数演变规律，分析了车轮表面磨损形貌和表层材料塑变行为等重要特性。研究结果表明:随着服役温度的提高，轮轨界面粘着系数总体呈下降趋势，同时，车轮表面的凹坑尺寸减小，在高温60 ℃时，凹坑特征消失，磨损表面变得较为平整；在低温-40 ℃时，车轮表面最为粗糙，算术平均粗糙度为3.74，而随着服役温度的上升，磨损表面粗糙度显著下降，在高温60 ℃时，车轮表面算术平均粗糙度较小，为0.97；随着服役温度的升高，轮轨接触界面的磨损区域内Fe元素含量与O元素含量之比逐渐减小；低温低湿环境抑制了轮轨界面的摩擦氧化作用，增强了摩擦剪切作用，加剧了车轮表面的剥落、严重的塑性变形和表面疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展，因此，磨损表面较为粗糙；而高温环境加速了轮轨界面的摩擦氧化作用，氧化磨屑的形成一定程度上起到了固体润滑作用，从而降低了轮轨界面间的粘着，车轮表面相对光滑；磨损机制由低温(-50 ℃~-20 ℃)服役工况下的疲劳磨损逐渐转变为常温(20 ℃)工况下的磨粒磨损和氧化磨损与高温(40 ℃~60 ℃)工况下的粘着磨损。      

车轮材料对轮轨滚动摩擦磨损行为的影响

为了使轮轨材料更好地匹配,降低轮轨磨损与损伤,利用MMS-2A滚动磨损试验机,研究了3种不同含碳量车轮材料与U71Mn热轧钢轨干态对磨时滚动摩擦磨损与损伤性能.结果表明:车轮材料变化基本不影响轮轨滚动摩擦因数,其摩擦因数保持在0.4左右;随车轮材料碳含量增加,车轮磨损量呈线性下降趋势,钢轨磨损量呈线性增加趋势,总轮轨磨损量呈降低趋势;不同车轮材料与U71Mn热轧钢轨对磨时的磨痕表面形貌具有较大差异,当碳含量为0.57时,车轮损伤以剥落损伤为主,试样塑性变形相对轻微,随车轮硬度降低(碳含量为0.51),表面剥落损伤轻微,但塑性变形严重;对磨钢轨试样以粘着和剥落磨损为主.      

二硫化钼填充乙烯基树脂的摩擦学性能

研究了不同质量分数的二硫化钼（MoS2）填充乙烯基树脂（VER）复合材料及所成转移膜在不同转速、载荷下的摩擦学性能,并对摩擦表面形貌进行了分析．结果表明：MoS2含量低于15％和高于35％时主要磨损机制分别为粘着磨损和轻微犁削式的磨粒磨损,且都不随转速的变化而改变;但MoS2含量处于15％～35％时主要磨损机制为粘着磨损、疲劳剥落式的磨粒磨损,且随转速的增加而减弱．另外,MoS2含量低于25％时摩擦系数随载荷增加而增大,高于25％时却随载荷增加而减小,磨损率均变化不大．对偶盘上形成的转移膜能有效降低摩擦磨损,随着MoS2含量的增加,转移膜的减摩时问逐渐延长,而摩擦系数基本不变;随着载荷的增加,转移膜的摩擦系数逐渐降低,减摩时间则大幅度缩短．     

氧化铝短纤维/锌铝合金复合材料的耐磨性

本文采用具有不同体积百分含量的Al203短纤维/锌铝合金复合材料与4弓钢滚子匹配进行了摩 擦磨损试验。对该复合材料的耐磨性进行了评价。对纤维体积百分含量对耐磨性的影响进行了 探讨。通过对磨损数据的处理和理论推证建立了描述该影响规律的关系式。用扫描电镜(SEM) 对复合材料的摩擦表面进行了探查并对该材料的磨损机理进行了讨论。      

Tribological behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene coatings based on LY12 substrates in the space environment

The spacecraft space radiation environment was simulated by60 Co source. The polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) coatings were fabricated on LY12 substrates. And the effect of gamma(γ) irradiation on the tribological behavior of PTFE coatings under vacuum conditions was investigated. Results indicate that the radiation dose has insignificant effect on the friction coefficient of PTFE coatings, and the wear of PTFE coatings reduces with the increase of gamma dose. As the gamma dose was 100 kGy, the friction coefficient of the PTFE coatings first increased with the increase of sliding velocity and then decreased, and the wear of the PTFE coatings decreased with the increase of sliding speed. As the gamma dose was 100 kGy, the friction coefficient of the PTFE coatings first decreased with the increase of load and then increased, and the wear rate of PTFE coatings increased with the increase of load. Scanning electron microscope was utilized.     

表面处理对HDPE/EVA/EG复合材料性能的影响

为了获得热稳定、阻燃和力学性能均较好的复合材料,以高密度聚乙烯/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(HDPE/EVA)共混物为基体,可膨胀石墨(EG)作为无卤阻燃剂,通过熔融共混方法制备了HDPE/EVA/EG阻燃复合材料.采用热重分析(TGA)、锥形量热仪、电子扫描电镜(SEM)等方法研究了钛酸酯偶联剂改性前后EG对复合材料的热稳定性能、阻燃性能以及力学性能的影响.研究结果表明, EG能提高聚合物基体材料的热稳定性能和阻燃性能,但力学性能降低;用钛酸酯偶联剂对EG改性后, HDPE/EVA/EG复合材料的断裂伸长率从232.3%提高到315.3%,拉伸强度由9.0 MPa增到了10.0 MPa,冲击强度由88 kJ/m2提高到129 kJ/m2.偶联剂的存在提高了EG与基体间的界面粘结力,使阻燃复合材料的综合力学性能得到改善.      

INVESTIGATION ON FRACTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WORN SURFACES OF POLYMER TAPES BY SAND DUST PARTICLES

Objective To characterize the abrasive wear of polymer tapes in ATM （Auto Teller Machine） servicing in sand dust environment. Aethods The abrasive wear experiment of polymer tapes, PEN （polyethylene-2, 6-naphthalenedicarboxylate） and PI （polyimide）, by sand dust particles is performed in ATM tribosystem. The fractal characteristics of the worn surface of polymer tapes and the corresponding wear mechanisms are examined. ReSults As main results, the worn surfaces of polymer tapes show bi-fractal characteristics, and PI tape shows higher fractal dimensions and finer wear profiles than PEN tape. Wear mechanism examination shows macro and micro ploughing and cutting grooves and micro fracture characters, which gives reasonable explanation of bi-fractal character of worn polymer tapes. Conclusion Worn polymer tape shows fractal character and bi-fractal can be used in accurately characterizing the abrasive wear of polymer tapes of ATM in sand dust environment.     

弹性金属氟塑料轴瓦表面摩擦的定向机理分析

通过对磨损后表面的显微观察与分析,发现了弹性金属氟塑料轴瓦（EMP）轴瓦与钢对摩时,其摩擦副两表面都存在转移或析出PTFE的高度定向现象,结合弹性金属氟塑料表层材料的表面分子结构特性,对其它向机理进行了研究。     

SiCp/AlSi7Mg1复合材料的摩擦和磨损特性

研究了在№２０机油摩擦条件下，采用环状试验块、ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ１、１０ＳｉＣｐ／ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ１和 ２５％ＳｉＣｐ／ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ１的复合材料滑动摩擦行为．试验结果表明，复合材料无论在低载荷或在高载荷时都比没增强基体具有优异的耐磨性能，两种体积率复合材料的磨损速度是其基体的 １／８．应用 ＳＥＭ、 ＥＤＸＡ观察摩擦表面以研究其机理．     

SiCp／AlSi7Mg1复合材料的摩擦和磨损特性

研究了在№ 20机油摩擦条件下,采用环状试验块、AlSi7Mg1、10SiCp／AISi7Mg1和25％SiCp／A1Si7Mg1的复合材料滑动摩擦行为．试验结果表明,复合材料无论在低载荷或在高载荷时都比没增强基体具有优异的耐磨性能,两种体积率复合材料的磨损速度是其基体的1／8．应用SEM、EDXA观察摩擦表面以研究其机理．     

滑动摩擦副表面强化工艺措施对比试验

采用MPX-2000盘销式摩擦磨损试验机,对调质处理、高频淬火处理、软氮化处理、硬氮化处理、激光淬火处理5种滑动摩擦副表面强化工艺措施进行了表面抗咬合性能和表面耐磨损性能对比试验．试验研究结果表明,激光淬火处理和软氮化处理工艺对滑动摩擦副表面强化效果好与较好,可用于高速重载且重要的零部件表面强化．硬氮化处理工艺表面强化效果中等,可用于中等载荷条件下零件表面强化．调质处理工艺对滑动摩擦副表面强化效果较差,可用于载荷较小的非重要零部件表面强化．高频淬火处理工艺试件的抗咬合能力差,不宜采用．     

密封用填充改性PTFE的研究及应用

PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)的填充改性是近年来研究较多的项目。本文介绍了采用模压烧结工艺制备玻璃纤维和石墨改性的PTFE动态密封材料,并对其拉伸强度、压缩回弹性能和摩擦、磨损性能及耐磨机理做了系统的研究分析,结果表明,该密封材料具备较好的抗拉强度、优异的压缩回弹性能和较好的耐磨损性能,可用于对耐磨耗性、耐温性能要求较高的动态密封场合,具有广阔的应用前景。     

滑差对重载列车轮轨黏着特性与表层损伤的影响

在自行研制的小型轮轨滚动磨损实验机上,以CL60车轮钢和U71Mn钢轨钢配副为研究对象,通过控制轮轨的转速,研究滑差对重载列车轮轨黏着特性与表层损伤的影响。结果表明:滑差对轮轨黏着特性存在显著影响,在所测试的若干工况下,随滑差增大,轮轨黏着系数增大;滑差影响轮轨的磨损量,随滑差增大,轮轨磨损量增加;轮轨表面硬度随滑差增大提高;不同滑差下轮轨表面磨损机制不同,纯滚动摩擦时轮轨以疲劳损伤为主;随滑差的增加,轮轨表面磨损机制由轻微的疲劳磨损转变为黏着磨损。此外,在相同滑差下,车轮表面损伤程度较钢轨严重。     

后处理温度对聚酰亚胺基摩擦材料性能的影响

以聚酰亚胺树脂为粘结剂,采用热压法并经不同温度后处理制备聚酰亚胺基摩擦复合材料,研究后处理温度（220～ 300℃）对其摩擦磨损性能等的影响.结果表明：采用260～280℃的后处理温度,摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能较好;后处理温度为220℃和300℃时,材料磨损机制为破坏严重的胶合黏着磨损;后处理温度为240～280℃时,材料磨损机制以轻微黏着磨损和磨粒磨损为主.后处理温度低于300℃时,密度、硬度、压缩强度值略有变化,240℃时,密度、硬度有最大值,压缩强度在260℃后处理有最大值.后处理温度为260 ～ 280℃时,聚酰亚胺基摩擦材料具有最佳的综合性能.     

银基氧化物梯度复合材料的研究

通过粉末冶金法制备了银基AgZnO/AgZnO-CdO/AgCdO叠层材料和AgSnO2梯度触头材料,这种设计方法从功能梯度的角度出发,更准确地考虑到了电接触材料的实际工作情况。作为一种全新的电接触材料的设计方法,初步考察了两种复合材料的电导率、热导率及电侵蚀前后接触表面的形貌和元素成分分布情况。