浅谈高速轮胎的选型与使用

浅谈高速轮胎的选型与使用淄博市交通技工学校宋述明孙博随着我国高速公路通车里程的增加，由于轮胎爆裂而引发的交通事故屡屡发生，有的甚至造成车毁人亡的严重后果，据不完全统计，在济青高速公路上所发生的车辆交通事故中，由于轮胎原因引起的事故约占７０％。上高速公...     

高速公路上爆胎的原因及预防措施

轮胎是汽车行驶系统的重要组成部分，轮胎约占汽车能源消耗的20％。近年来，在高速公路上因爆胎而引起的行车事故频频发生，并有上升的趋势。有关资料显示，在高速公路上发生的交通事故中，爆胎事故占70％以上。因此，探讨高速公路上爆胎的原因，正确合理地使用轮胎，是减少高速公路行车事故的有效措施。     

几个土办法对付爱车“放电”

近几年我国公路条件不断改善，尤其是高等级公路发展较快，使汽车的行驶速度大大提高，而随着车速的提高，因轮胎爆裂诱发的交通事故则日益增多。据不完全统计，在高速公路上因轮胎爆裂造成的交通事故占全部交通事故的42％左右。行车中发生爆胎的原因有使用、维护、材料、制造质量等多方面的因素，这里仅谈一下使用方面的原因。     

三菱ENDEAVOR车轮胎气压监测系统的原理及检修

据统计，在我国的高速公路上，由爆胎引发的交通事故占事故总数的70％。在美国，这一比例更高，几乎达到80％。美国每年有26万起交通事故是由轮胎故障引起的，而75％的轮胎故障是由轮胎气压不足或漏气引起的。由于轮胎气压监测系统（Tire Pressure Monitoring System，即TPMS）能监测轮胎气压并在轮胎出现危险征兆时及时报瞽，将事故消灭在萌芽状态，所以三菱公司将它作为ENDEAVOR车的标准配置。     

汽车轮胎的选购及合理使用

轮胎是汽车的重要部件，它的性能对汽车的动力性、制动性、行驶稳定性、平顺性、越野性和燃料经济性等都有直接影响。一辆新载货汽车的轮胎价值约占全车价值的1／5；在汽车运输过程中，轮胎费用也占10％左右。橡胶是轮胎的主要材料，而橡胶又是国家的重要物资。随着汽车技术的发展，汽车轮胎的规格、品种繁多，轮胎的性能日益改善，     

为汽车轮胎装个"窃听器"

汽车高速行驶过程中,轮胎故障是所有驾驶者最为担心和最难预防的,也是突发性交通事故发生的重要原因。据美国汽车工程师协会最近调查,美国每年有26万起交通事故是由于轮胎气压过低或渗漏造成的。另外,每年75％的轮胎故障是由于轮胎渗漏或     

强势瓜分与弱势突围

随着国内汽车保有量的快速增长，轮胎作为最重要的配套部件之一，也发展得如火如荼。据了解，去年我国轮胎产量为2.8亿条，预计今年全国的轮胎需求总量将超过3亿条，增幅在15％以上。然而，从国内汽车市场轮胎配套格局看，国外轮胎生产商占据了70％的轿车配套市场，自主品牌企业只占30％。而在商用车轮胎配套领域则恰恰相反，自主品牌轮胎制造商占据70％的份额，     

金刚兄弟

轮胎是汽车行驶中的安全保障。轮胎故障是所有驾驶者最为担心和最难预防的，也是突发交通事故发生的重要原因。据统计，在中国高速公路上发生的交通事故有46%是由于轮胎问题引起的，而爆胎事故占轮胎事故的70%，如何预防轮胎爆胎已成为安全驾驶的一个重要课题。近日，笔者走访了深圳365汽车连锁服务有限公司，在比向各位介绍365安全体系“金钢兄弟”。     

夏季防爆胎小贴士

炎炎夏日，爆胎事故时有发生。据不完全统计，高速公路46％的交通事故是由于轮胎发生故障引起的，而其中爆胎一项就占事故总量的70％。因而如何预防爆胎就成了夏季行车安全的关键所在。     

轮胎气压监测系统概况

在汽车高速行驶中，轮胎故障是驾驶人最担心和最难预防的故障，也是突发性交通事故发生的重要原因之一。据统计，在我国的高速公路上，因爆胎而发生的交通事故占交通事故总数的70％，在美国为80％。由此可见，爆胎造成的损失巨大，怎样防止爆胎已成为安全驾驶的重要课题之一。     

宽截面单胎在牵引车—半挂车组上的应用及稳定性分析

过去，由于加在宽截面单胎上的允许轴荷的限制，使其没在重型车辆上得到广泛应用。但随着公路建设的不断发展，在高等级公路和高速公路上，七轴和八轴重型截货车辆应用宽截面单胎（ＷＢＳ）成为可能。详细介绍了宽截面单胎的优缺点，并对组合车辆的稳定性进行了详细地分析。     

高速公路爆胎事故的影响因素及其预防

通过调查和实验分析,影响爆胎事故的有轮胎气压、车辆装载质量、行车速度和轮胎磨损4个主要因素,高速公路的道路特点和车辆的运行特点(如高速度、重装载、远距离)对这些因素有着直接的影响,控制这些因素所带来的影响,可以有效地预防高速公路爆胎事故的发生。     

Tyre friction behaviour under abrupt wheel torque transients on slippery road surfaces: experimental analysis and modelling

The paper shows that, during abrupt wheel torque transients for ice surface and low vehicle speeds, the tyre can develop significantly larger longitudinal force than the peak value of the tyre static curve. This so-called dynamic tyre friction potential (DTFP) effect has many influencing factors such as the rate of change of the wheel torque, the vehicle speed, and the tyre dwell time. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the DTFP behaviour based on the experimental data collected by using an in-wheel motor-based tyre test vehicle. The analysis results and an insight into the brush structure of a tyre model lead to the hypothesis that the different influencing factors may be predominantly explained by the bristle dwell time (BDT) effect. Following this hypothesis, the LuGre model of the tyre friction dynamics is extended with a physical BDT sub-model. The experimental validation results show that the proposed model can accurately capture the low-speed tyre–ice friction behaviour during abrupt wheel torque transients.     

Tractor Handling during Control Loss on Sloping Ground

Tractor behaviour on sloping ground following a control loss due to rear wheel locking is examined. A mathematical model to predict the tractor trajectory is presented and the results obtained from this model are compared with those obtained from experiments with a remotely controlled tractor.

Reasonable agreement is reached between measured and predicted results - the discrepancies arise from limited tyre data or local random variations in slope, ground roughness or tyre/ground frictional values.

Within these limitations, the model is used to examine possible driver strategies following a control loss. Applying and maintaining full lock for this particular type of accident appears to improve safety; it certainly tends to avoid the worst situation in which the tractor accelerates backwards down the slope and reaches dangerously high speeds although inevitably it increases the likelihood of a low speed overturn.     

4WD汽车应用粘性联轴器分析

粘性联轴器这一新装置以其独有的特性在四轮驱动汽车上得到广泛应用，粘性联轴器一经确定结构，即可通过转速差自动调节传递转矩的特性，分析了四轮驱动汽车采用粘性联轴器的可能性，介绍了采用粘性联轴器连接的四轮驱动形式和工作原理，阐述了汽车速度，轮胎滑移率对粘性联轴器转速差的影响。     

高原汽车轮胎损坏的原因分析

以五十铃汽车为例，分析了在高原使用汽车轮胎易损坏的原因。认为：轮胎气压不符合要求、超载严重、前轮定位不合要求、前轮不平衡、道路条件差及驾驶员技术水平低是导致损坏的主要原因。在使用中应正确控制轮胎气压，谨慎驾驶，加强对轮胎的管理和保养，以提高轮胎的使用寿命。     

线控转向系统转向盘力回馈控制模型的研究

根据轮胎和传统转向系的力学特性提出了利用车轮转角和车速计算得到转向盘回馈力的思路,并以此建立了线控转向系统转向盘回馈力控制模型,仿真和试验表明该模型能够满足路感要求。     

汽车高速化给维修业带来的新要求

随着汽车工业的发展和高速公路的普及，汽车的速度越来越来高，汽车在前轮定位，制动系以及轮胎等方面也发生了相应的变化，例如车轮外倾角由正值变为负值，前轮前束出现负值，前轮制动力大于后轮制动力，前轮主销内倾角增大等，这些变化在维修时应特别注意。     

New tyre-road contact model for applications at low speed

Most of the tyre models have been developed for high speed, combined forces, etc., however, in certain tests it is necessary to know tyre behaviour at very low speed in order to evaluate different systems. So, during vehicle inspection and maintenance of the steering and brake system, by means of sideslip tester and roller brake tester respectively, the forces transmitted by the tyres are measured; all of these inspections are carried out at low speeds. Furthermore, usually, automobile vehicles run at low speeds during an important part of their operating life (less than 60 km/h), mainly during urban traffic, and in steady state conditions. Therefore, it is particularly interesting to develop an accurate model of the contact patch tyrepavement for low speeds without the complexity of models that cover a wide speed range but provide less precision at very low speeds. The dynamometer plate has proved to be an appropriate test equipment to characterise the tyre-pavement contact at low speed and the steering geometry and wheel alignment. It has the feature of being able to carry out tests with the tyre installed in the vehicle as in completely real conditions. The main aim of this research is to set up a contact model between tyre and pavement at very low speed based on the measurement of longitudinal and lateral forces. A test methodology that allows carrying out the experimental tests in a systematic and controlled way with the dynamometer plate has also been developed. From this model it will be possible to estimate the forces that tyres are capable of transmitting in different situations to act in the parameters which affect these forces and maximize them.     

Optimal design of adaptive shaking vibration control for electric vehicles

This paper provides a complete design solution about adaptive optimal shaking vibration control for electric vehicles. A general 4-DOF and 5-order linear torsional vibration model is established under given wheel speed, and the frequency characteristics of the vibration system are elaborately analysed in terms of variation of wheel speed and different model parameters. Aiming at decreasing the shaking vibration at the least sacrifice of acceleration loss, and improving the robustness of the system against external disturbance, a combination of feed-forward and feed-backward adaptive control structure is proposed. Further, a non-linear multi-constraint optimisation problem is formulated for solving the optimal adaptive control variables within the two-dimensional design space composed of the wheel speed and driver's torque command. Furthermore, the distribution of the optimal adaptive control variables within the design space and its extended application under different tyre road conditions are discussed. Eventually, several simulation test cases are particularly designed to verify the performances of the controller on all aspects. Test results show that the optimal adaptive controller achieves satisfactory anti-shaking vibration, acceleration maintaining and robustness performances within the whole adaptive design space as desired.