混合蚁群算法求解集装箱箱位分配问题

集装箱船配载过程中的重要环节是合理的箱位分配,它对保证集装箱船装载后的航行性能及其码头装箱效率有重要的影响.随着集装箱船的大型化及待装船箱量的增加,该问题的求解较为困难.结合集装箱船配载中箱位分配的实际操作特点,提出了利用与禁忌算法相结合的混合蚁群算法来求解集装箱的箱位分配问题.仿真模拟试验表明该算法能够在不影响装箱难度的同时,大幅提高集装箱装船后船舶的航行性能.     

顺岸式自动化集装箱码头堆场布局设计

综合考虑码头在规划、建设及运维等多方面的要求,开展自动化集装箱码头堆场布局设计.以天津港北疆港区C段智能化集装箱码头工程建设为例,在码头整体设计要求相同的情况下,提出堆场垂直布置和平行布置2种方案,从堆场通过能力、设备配置数量、装卸作业人员数量、智能化程度、可靠性、碳排放量、创新性等7个方面对比研究2种布置方案与自动化...     

Competition for transhipment containers by major ports in Southeast Asia: slot capacity analysis

Container ports in Southeast Asia accounted for an estimated 30.0% of the world's transhipment traffic in 2004. The share of the region's transhipment trade was forecasted to increase to 32.5% in 2015. The potential offered by this large and expanding market encouraged major container terminal operators located in Port Klang, Singapore and Tanjung Pelepas to compete intensively for this business by attracting major container shipping lines that operated along key east-west sailing routes to hub at their terminals.

This paper analyses the annual slot capacity connected to the three selected ports that was deployed by all the container shipping lines in 1999-2004. The data are computed and categorized based on shipping trade routes. The study aims to shed light on port competition in Southeast Asia for transhipment containers by an in-depth and quantitative analysis.

The analysis finds that competition from Port Klang and Tanjung Pelepas had a negative impact on Singapore's transhipment performance. Although Singapore continued to enjoy a dominant position as the premier transhipment hub in the region in terms of market share by both transhipment throughput and annualized slot capacity, the evidence suggested that its hold on the market appeared to be slipping, albeit gradually. Overall, Tanjung Pelepas is expected to pose the strongest challenge to Singapore's transhipment hub ambitions. Managerial implications for the ports are drawn.     

自动化集装箱码头堆场布置新模式

自动化集装箱堆场是自动化码头的重要组成部分。高效、合理地布置自动化集装箱堆场对码头综合通过能力、装卸效率和营运成本等将产生积极影响。在对国外典型自动化集装箱码头堆场在平面布置、设备选型和功能规划等方面分析的基础上,提出洋山四期全自动化集装箱码头堆场布局新模式。     

A fuzzy AHP decision support system for selecting yard cranes in marine container terminals

One of the most important issues that planners and developers of ports have to address at the planning process of container terminals is how to effectively optimize truck turnaround times. The time that a truck spends at a container terminal for loading and/or unloading of cargo is a real cost scenario which affects not only the smooth operation of ports but also the overall cost of the container trade. The main objective of this article is to provide a decision support tool for selecting the best container yard gantry crane for loading/discharging operation of trucks at the landside of marine container terminals. Achieving this goal, this study aims at introducing and recommending the multiple attribute decision-making and the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process models that have been proven to provide a concrete basis for such a selection decision.     

轨道式集装箱龙门起重机(RMG)在青岛前湾招商局国际集装箱码头工程中的应用

结合青岛前湾招商局国际集装箱码头工程设计施工和运行情况,分析总结了轨道式集装箱龙门起重机(RMG)堆场工艺布置特点、设备选型及配备数量的确定、RMG重箱堆场的设计与施工中的亮点和RMG装卸工艺模式在我国集装箱码头中的应用前景.实践表明,RMG作为集装箱码头的装卸模式,实现了低碳环保、节能高效.     

适用于江海联运海港自动化集装箱码头的总体布置方案

针对具有驳船小港池的海港集装箱码头的特点,结合自动化集装箱码头建设发展的需要,突破自动化集装箱码头堆场垂直于码头前沿线布置的局限性,创新提出堆场箱区平行于码头前沿线布置的总体自动化集装箱码头方案。引入智能驾驶与卫星导航等技术,采用智能驾驶运输车替代传统集装箱卡车,从而使平面工艺总体方案适用于江海联运吞吐量占比高的运输模式,同时实现港区自动化,降低建设与运营成本,为我国传统集装箱码头的自动化升级改造提供借鉴。     

An energy-cost approach for evaluation of operating systems in container terminals

The planning, design and development of a container terminal with optimum size and capacity and with a minimum capital cost is fundamentally dependent upon the loading and discharging operations at the quayside. Achieving this purpose, terminal operators have to choose the best operating system in the container yard. The decision on which equipment is used at container terminals depends on several factors. The purpose of this study is to provide a new decision making tool using the first law of thermodynamics. It considers a port as a control volume of a fluid system and models the port and its traffic on it. The results of this study evaluate container yard operating systems and set up a basis for decision making to select the best alternatives.     

单箱轨距起重机自动化码头装卸工艺可行性分析

针对自动化集装箱码头堆场起重机大车作为主要工作机构导致能耗增加、效率降低等问题,研究了一种新型单箱轨距集装箱堆场起重机装卸工艺。基于Witness平台,分别建立了新工艺与经典工艺的集装箱码头仿真模型,通过计算和仿真试验对比分析了设备投资、能耗、年通过能力等技术指标。结果表明新工艺具有设备投资低、能耗低、装卸效率高等优势,对箱区间存在的作业干扰问题提出了相应的建议,为自动化集装箱码头的创新发展提供了新方向。     

基于多智能体仿真的集装箱港口作业效率研究

集装箱港口生产作业系统是复杂的离散事件系统,数学建模方法难以构建针对整个系统的模型,而基于过程的仿真模型通常缺乏对设备调度的灵活性。为准确描述我国集装箱港口的作业流程,分析内卡配置数量对港口作业效率的影响,提出了基于事件驱动的集装箱港口多智能体(Multi-Agent)仿真模型。仿真结果表明:岸桥平均装卸效率(GCR)随着内卡数量的增加先急剧增加后缓慢增加,船舶平均等待时间(AWT)和平均在泊时间(AST)与岸桥平均装卸效率呈明显负相关关系。     

An empirical study of the impacts of operating and market conditions on container-port efficiency and benchmarking

Despite the growing amount of research on container-port efficiency and benchmarking, the literature on the subject is yet to provide stable and consistent results across researchers and in relation to dynamic operating and market conditions. In this paper, we formulate a number of operational hypotheses to test the sensitivity of benchmarking results to port market and operating conditions namely production scale, cargo mix, transhipment ratio, operating configurations, and working procedures. A series of data envelopment analysis (DEA) models are used to measure the operational efficiency of 420 container terminal decision-making units from 2004 till 2010. The results show that variations in operating conditions highly impact terminal efficiency and that future work on container-port performance and benchmarking should take into account the structure and mechanisms underpinning the operations of container ports and terminals.     

自动化集装箱码头供配电方案

针对目前自动化集装箱码头供电模式经济性、效率及安全性难以兼顾的问题,探讨解决方案。通过研究目前国内外自动化集装箱码头装卸工艺的特点,对比传统码头供配电的模式,提出供配电的多种模式和方案,并进行运行效率和可行性的定性分析及定量计算。最终选择采用后方辅建区新建无人值守变电所,一座变电所对一个泊位独立供电;冷藏箱、AGV充电站环网式箱变就近供电的综合供配电的方案模式,达到供电效率与安全兼顾的目的。该方案成功运用于青岛港自动化码头工程中,可为未来新建自动化码头提供参考。     

Modelling and optimisation of online container stacking with operational constraints

Container transportation plays a critical role in the global shipping network and container terminals need to improve their operations to increase efficiency. Storage yard of a container terminal is a temporary area where the containers stay until they are shipped to their next destination. We concentrate on increasing the efficiency of the storage yard by developing online stacking policies for each incoming container. An unproductive move of a container, performed to reach another container stored underneath, is called reshuffling. The objective in container stacking problem is to minimise the number of reshuffles, thereby increasing the efficiency of terminal operations. Additional weight-related operational constraints bring additional complexity to the online stacking decisions. We propose a mathematical model for the optimal online assignment of an incoming export, transit, import or empty container. We also propose an optimal online stacking policy and compare it with a random policy through simulation. Additionally, lower bounds for the performance measures are obtained through simulation by relaxing the operational constraints of the problem in a third stacking policy. We present and discuss the computational results in terms of four main performance measures.     

Multicommodity network flow model for Asia's container ports

This paper seeks to develop a multi-commodity network model to analyse the flow of containers within the Asia Pacific context. The model is used to evaluate the impact of container throughput in Asia's port by varying terminal handling charges and turnaround time. The three main regions analysed are north-east Asia, east Asia (Chinese port region) and south east Asia. Using the model, it could be shown that Busan port, which is an important transhipment hub in north-east Asia, could boost the container activities in the north-eastern part of China by improving its service quality. It is also found that the efficiency of the land link between Hong Kong and mainland China plays a crucial role for the future of Hong Kong port. While Singapore port maintains its position as a transhipment hub in south-east Asia, there would be expected competition from neighbouring low costs ports.     

“零翻箱”自动化立体堆场设计与码头总体布局

集装箱码头是内外贸集装箱货物的集疏运中心,码头的吞吐能力受堆场容量和作业效率的影响。针对集装箱码头堆场的翻箱倒箱问题,基于整个立体库场内每层堆场仅堆放一层重箱的理念,通过AI设计、情景假设、公式推算和数据分析的方法,设计出一项自动化立体堆场方案,并介绍各核心设备和功能区以及作业流程。结果表明,本方案可实现真正意义上“零翻箱”,同时能减少机械设备的配置、使用成本和碳排放量,有利于提升码头作业效率、吞吐能力和经济效益,有助于增强码头和港口企业竞争力。     

锦州港集装箱码头装卸工艺方案探讨

依托锦州港集装箱运输特点和新建第二港池集装箱码头二期工程的具体条件，结合国内外集装箱码头新工艺、新技术开发情况。研究确定适合于锦州港发展的21世纪先进的集装箱码头装卸工艺方案。介绍轨道式集装箱龙门起重机（RMG）和轮胎式集装箱龙门起重机（RTG）2种集装箱堆场装卸设备，通过全面的技术经济比较，推荐采用RMG装卸工艺系统作为锦州港集装箱码头建设方案。     

高架轨道交通式集装箱码头装卸新工艺与性能评价

提出一种在堆场上部空间进行装卸船水平运输作业和地面进行集疏运水平运输作业的立体交叉式集装箱装卸工艺,以解决两种装卸活动的干扰问题。结合岸边和堆场起重机装卸时间的内禀随机性问题,提出集装箱装卸工艺的评价指标,并对几种集装箱码头装卸工艺进行性能对比。     

复合材料冷藏箱电源插座支架在自动化集装箱码头中的应用

针对集装箱码头传统冷藏箱钢结构电源插座支架易腐蚀、维护工作量大的特点,采用防腐性能优异的连续纤维增强树脂基复合材料代替传统钢结构制作冷藏箱支架。对复合材料冷藏箱电源插座支架的设计、计算、制造、安装进行研究,研究表明复合材料冷藏箱电源插座支架在整个生命周期维护需求小、综合成本低,对自动化集装箱堆场作业干扰小,适合自动化集装箱码头作业特点。     

Multicommodity network flow model for Asia's container ports

This paper seeks to develop a multi-commodity network model to analyse the flow of containers within the Asia Pacific context. The model is used to evaluate the impact of container throughput in Asia's port by varying terminal handling charges and turnaround time. The three main regions analysed are north-east Asia, east Asia (Chinese port region) and south east Asia. Using the model, it could be shown that Busan port, which is an important transhipment hub in north-east Asia, could boost the container activities in the north-eastern part of China by improving its service quality. It is also found that the efficiency of the land link between Hong Kong and mainland China plays a crucial role for the future of Hong Kong port. While Singapore port maintains its position as a transhipment hub in south-east Asia, there would be expected competition from neighbouring low costs ports.     

Yard operations in the container terminal-a study in the 'unproductive moves'

Research that examined the land utilization of the container terminals in a global perspective revealed that the land utilization planned and achieved by Asian container terminals are much higher than the terminals in western Europe and North America. From the operational point of view, this has led to the question: 'what are the impacts of these strategies in land utilization on the yard operations?' This has subsequently led the research study to focus on the yard operations within the container terminal.