车桥耦合振动的桥面非平稳随机激励模拟

为研究桥面非平稳随机激励对车桥耦合系统的影响,采用滤波白噪声法生成单轮桥面非平稳随机激励时域模型,结合车辆前后轮的时间滞后和左右轮的相干关系,生成车辆六轮相关的桥面非平稳随机激励样本并验证了样本的有效性。分析一座3×30 m连续T梁桥和一辆三轴重载汽车在非平稳桥面激励下的车桥耦合振动响应,现场实测桥面不平度,并采用传统蒙特卡罗法对车辆和桥梁的振动响应进行计算。研究结果表明:根据车辆六轮间的时间滞后关系和相干函数关系所建立的桥面非平稳随机激励模型满足目标相干函数和功率谱密度,且时间滞后关系明确,模型有效可靠;当车辆加速行驶时,因桥面不平顺引起的非平稳随机激励信号的幅值随速度的增大而增大,非平稳激励下的桥梁和车辆振动响应大于平稳激励所产生的振动响应;非平稳激励对桥梁振动响应的均值影响很小,但对车辆振动响应均值影响较大,车辆振动对桥面随机激励更敏感;非平稳激励对车辆和桥梁振动响应标准差的影响较大,且振动响应标准差随着车辆加速度的提高而增大;研究车桥耦合振动很有必要考虑车辆非匀速行驶而引起的桥面非平稳随机激励,建议车辆匀速通过桥梁,尽量避免在桥上加速行驶。     

行驶车辆振动信号的小波分析

本文介绍了小波分析的理论方法，并上小波分析方法应用到了行驶车辆振动的分析中，即：通过二进离散小波变换，把实际振动信号进行多层小波分解，使异常信号和非平稳高频信号得到良好的时间定位和图形显示，并把信号的路面激励与本体振动分离开来。     

考虑车辆位置影响的风-车-桥系统耦合振动研究

风-车-桥耦合振动系统中车辆位于桥道的气动绕流之中，车辆所受气动力与车辆位置密切相关。首先测试了车辆位置对车辆及桥道气动力的影响，建立了空间耦合的风-车-桥系统分析模型。以京沪高速铁路南京长江大桥为工程背景，采用自行研发的桥梁结构分析软件BAN-SYS，对比分析了车辆位于桥道迎风侧和背风侧时风-车-桥系统的耦合振动情况。分析结果表明，风-车-桥系统耦合振动分析中考虑车辆位置的影响是必要的。     

汽车非平稳随机振动统计特性求解的一种新方法

本文中针对汽车变车速行驶时路面不平度在空间域是平稳随机过程的特性,提出求解汽车非平稳随机振动响应统计特性的一种新方法。建立了时间域汽车振动2自由度单轮模型,基于时间域与空间域变量及其导数变换关系,推导了相应的空间域汽车振动模型。采用空间频率傅里叶变换,建立了汽车振动空间频率响应特性和时间域振动响应量的空间频率响应特性。采用路面分类标准表示路面不平度的空间域统计特性,建立了由空间频率响应特性求取非平稳振动响应量统计特性的公式。选取某汽车参数和包含匀加速、匀速和匀减速的典型行驶工况,分析了非平稳振动响应量统计特性的变化规律。结果表明,汽车非平稳振动响应量的统计特性随车速的变化而变化,具有时变特性。     

四轮车辆振动模拟与非线性因素的影响分析

基于8自由度的非线性车辆动理学模型，以四轮相关滤波白噪声路面为系统输入，对四轮车辆的随机振动过程进行了计算机时域模拟和实验验证，进而分析了在不同车速条件下钢板弹簧和减震器的非线性因素对车辆平顺性的影响，深入揭示了车辆非线性振动过程的本质。     

振动测试在汽车零部件检测中的应用分析

为保障车辆的可靠性和安全性，车辆生产过程中的汽车零部件检测环节尤为重要。本文阐述零部件振动测试的重要性，简单介绍振动测试系统的构成、测试方法及测试步骤。     

车辆悬挂系统的传递函数和电子模拟模型结构

文中所用符号M、I——车辆弹载部分的质量和转动惯量。X_((t))、(H)_((t))——车辆弹载部分线振动(重心O 处)和角振动位移。X_((P))、(H)_((P)0——X_((t))、(H)_((t))的拉氏变换式。n——车辆悬挂轴数。j—一从前轴开始的轴序号,j=1、2……π。V——车辆行驶速度。C_j、K_j——第j 轴悬挂的阻尼和刚度。m_j、c_j、k_j——第j 轴非弹载部分的质量、阻尼和刚度。l_j——第j 轴到弹载质量重心O 的座标值。d_j——第j 轴到第一轴的距离。x_(j(t))、x_(j(P))——第j 轴非弹载质量振动位移及相应的拉氏变换式。f_((t))、f_((P))——引起车辆振动的扰动及相应的拉氏变换式。f_(j(t))、f_(j(P))——作用于第j 轴的扰动及相应的拉氏变换式。τ_j——扰动作用于第j 轴相对于作用于第一轴的迟延时间。Φ_((P))、Φ_((iω))——系统的传递函数和频率特性。h_((t))——系统的脉冲过渡函数。S_((ω))——平稳随机过程的频谱密度。R_((τ))——平稳随机过程的自相关函数。∑——(?)的省略表示。     

城市轨道交通U型梁运营安全性分析

以U型梁为主要研究对象，建立车辆-桥梁耦合动力分析模型，研究了车速、车辆类型和钢弹簧浮置板对高架U型梁桥动力响应的影响，分析了车辆和桥梁结构的动力特性，并对地铁列车通过U型梁桥系统时的行车安全性进行了评估。计算结果表明：车辆在50~100 km/h速度运行时，均满足行车安全性的要求，车辆振动会随着速度的增加而增加；从U型梁的行车安全性角度来分析，选取A型车比B型车更为合理；加入钢弹簧浮置板后，可减小桥梁竖向位移和竖向加速度，但会增加列车振动响应，在钢弹簧浮置板设计过程中，需兼顾车辆和桥梁的运营安全性；改变钢弹簧的刚度对桥梁振动响应的影响较小。     

基于流固耦合的行车临界风速研究

为了研究风-车-桥耦合系统中车-桥系统的振动特性及车辆行车安全特性,得到车辆在大跨度桥梁上行驶时车辆的安全行驶临界风速,对车辆通过大跨斜拉桥时车辆的气动特性、车-桥系统的振动特性及车辆的行车安全特性进行研究。研究风荷载作用下车辆在大跨度桥上行驶时车辆的行车安全临界风速,分析车辆行驶速度、路面状况及风偏角对车辆行驶安全临界风速的影响。车-桥系统的耦合振动会导致车-桥系统周围风场的特性发生变化,风场的变化会导致下一时刻车-桥系统的受力状态发生改变。考虑车辆运动及车-桥系统的振动与车-桥周围风场的相互影响,基于双向流固耦合数值模拟,建立风-汽车-桥梁空间耦合振动数值分析模型。通过风-车-桥耦合系统三维数值分析,得到了风荷载作用下车辆在大跨度桥上行驶时不同状况下车辆的倾覆及侧滑临界风速。结果表明:基于双向流固耦合数值分析能够较精确地模拟风-车-桥耦合振动系统;风荷载作用下车辆在桥上行驶时,车辆的振动特性主要由汽车-桥梁系统决定,车-桥系统的振动特性受自然风荷载影响;侧向风荷载作用下车辆的倾覆力矩系数及侧向力系数并不一定为最大值,车辆在大跨径桥上行驶受侧向风荷载作用并不一定为行车安全分析的最不利状况。     

VRGS中车辆引导比例研究—MLP优化模型描述

对由引导车辆和非引导车辆构成的路网交通流模式进行了分析，根据引导系统，引导车辆和非引导车辆三者之间的行为竞争机制，建立了一个描述车辆引导比例的变化对引导系统收益影响的多水平优化模型。     

基于Simulink的轮边驱动电动车振动分析与仿真

为解决轮边驱动电动车安全性和平顺性低的问题,文章以基于吸振原理的轮边驱动电动车垂向3自由度系统为例,运用机械振动学原理建立动力学微分方程,采用状态空间法将此系统的微分方程转化为便于Matlab/Simulink软件仿真的模型。通过分析和仿真可以直接获得轮边驱动电动车沿垂直地面方向的运动曲线图,在正弦激励作用下,动力吸振器、车轮及车身均作周期性运动。将机械振动学和Simulink软件相结合能够准确方便地对轮边驱动电动车的振动进行分析与仿真,为处理类似的汽车振动系统仿真提供了参考。     

EQ2102越野汽车前轮摆振影响因素试验分析及改进措施

针对东风EQ2102型独立悬架越野汽车的前轮摆振问题进行了道路试验分析,研究了前轮失衡量、转向系统阻尼和刚度对前轮摆振的影响。试验及分析表明,该车摆振主要为强迫振动,通过控制激振源、增大转向系统阻尼可抑制摆振。提出了采用阻尼轴承代替主销滚针轴承来增大转向阻尼的解决方案,同时评估了阻尼轴承对汽车操纵稳定性的影响。     

虚拟激励法人-车-路三质量车辆模型平顺性分析

为评价汽车平顺性,建立简化的人体-座椅、车身及车轮三质量1／4车辆模型,给出了该模型振动系统的频响特性公式,采用虚拟激励法,构造虚拟路面激励,运用matlab编程求取所建模型系统振动响应量的功率谱密度,并进行了行驶平顺性分析。结果表明,汽车行驶速度与道路路面条件是影响汽车行驶平顺性主要外在因素,为获得良好的汽车行驶平顺性,应加以改善;虚拟激励法用于求解车辆振动响应,快速高效,能很好地反映汽车行驶的平顺性,提高汽车平顺性设计水平与效率。     

转向柱后倾角对三轮汽车前轮自激摆振特性影响

为获得转向柱后倾角对三轮汽车摆振影响,以国产某型三轮汽车作为样车,对其转向系统进行了简化,建立了二自由度前轮摆振系统动力学模型。基于以上模型,运用数值计算方法,得到了随车速变化的前轮摆振系统振动特性及转向柱后倾角变化对其的影响。结果表明,减小转向柱后倾角,能有效减小三轮汽车前轮自激摆振的速度区间。而当车速较高,前轮摆振系统发生自激振动时,减小转向柱后倾角能有效地降低前轮自激摆振极限环幅值和频率,甚至消除自激摆振现象。     

制动抖动引起的转向盘振动传递途径分析

建立了基于ADAMS/CAR的多刚体车辆动力学仿真模型,成功再现了制动引起的转向盘振动现象,并与试验结果具有良好的一致性。通过信号时域和频域分析,明确了振动从制动器到转向盘的传递途径,提出了调节橡胶弹性元件刚度的振动控制方法。     

某车型高速行驶方向盘摆振分析

研究高速行驶方向盘摆振影响因素与测试方法。针对某款乘用车方向盘摆振的现象进行原因分析,通过对其进行道路再现试验,测试分析轮胎至方向盘的灵敏度,可知该车对轮胎异相位的激励非常灵敏;以副车架为参考点,建立模型,通过ODS分析进一步验证摆振产生原因。该研究为高速行驶方向盘摆振问题的解决提供依据。     

Railway ground vibrations induced by wheel and rail singular defects

Railway local irregularities are a growing source of ground-borne vibration and can cause negative environmental impacts, particularly in urban areas. Therefore, this paper analyses the effect of railway track singular defects (discontinuities) on ground vibration generation and propagation. A vehicle/track/soil numerical railway model is presented, capable of accurately predicting vibration levels. The prediction model is composed of a multibody vehicle model, a flexible track model and a finite/infinite element soil model. Firstly, analysis is undertaken to assess the ability of wheel/rail contact models to accurately simulate the force generation at the wheel/rail contact, in the presence of a singular defect. It is found that, although linear contact models are sufficient for modelling ground vibration on smooth tracks, when singular defects are present higher accuracy wheel/rail models are required. Furthermore, it is found that the variation in wheel/rail force during the singular defect contact depends on the track flexibility, and thus requires a fully coupled vehicle/track/foundation model. Next, a parametric study of ground vibrations generated by singular rail and wheel defects is undertaken. Six shapes of discontinuity are modelled, representing various defect types such as transition zones, switches, crossings, rail joints and wheel flats. The vehicle is modelled as an AM96 train set and it is found that ground vibration levels are highly sensitive to defect height, length and shape.     

Field measurements of the evolution of wheel wear and vehicle dynamics for high-speed trains

This investigation demonstrates the wheel wear evolution and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains with an operating distance (OD) of around two million kilometres. A long-term experimental test lasting two years was conducted to record the wheel profiles and structural vibrations of various trainsets. The wheel wear, namely the profile shape, worn distribution and wheelset conicity, is investigated for several continuous reprofiling cycles. Typical results are illustrated for the stability analysis, and the ride quality is examined with increasing OD. In addition, the vibration transition characteristics between suspensions are investigated in both the time and frequency domains. The experiments show that the dominant wear concentrates on the nominal rolling radius, and the wear rate increases with OD because of the surface softening resulting from the loss of wheel material. The vibration of structural components is aggravated by the increase of the equivalent conicity of the wheelset, which rises approximately linearly with the wheel wear and OD. High-frequency vibrations arise in the bogie and car body related to the track arrangement and wheel out-of-roundness, causing the ride comfort to worsen significantly. Additionally, the system vibration characteristics are strongly dependent on the atmospheric temperature. Summaries and conclusions are obtained regarding the wheel wear and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains over long operating times and distances.     

Dynamic responses of a high-speed railway car due to wheel polygonalisation

The polygonal wear around the wheel circumference could pose highly adverse influences on the wheel/rail interactions and thereby the performance of the vehicle system. In this study, the effects of wheel polygonalisation on the dynamic responses of a high-speed rail vehicle are investigated through development and simulations of a comprehensive coupled vehicle/track dynamic model. The model integrates flexible slab track, wheelsets and axle boxes subsystem models so as to account for elastic deformations caused by impact loads induced by the wheel polygonalisation. A field-test programme was undertaken to acquire the polygonal wear profile and axle box acceleration response of a high-speed train, and the data are used to demonstrate the validity of the coupled vehicle/track system model. Subsequently, the effects of wheel polygonalisation are evaluated in terms of wheel/rail impact forces, axle box vertical acceleration and dynamic stress developed in the axle considering different amplitudes and harmonic orders of the polygonal wear. The results suggest that the high-order wheel polygonalisation can give rise to high-frequency impact loads at the wheel/rail interface, and excite some of the vibration modes of the wheelset and the axle box leading to high-magnitude axle box acceleration and dynamic stress in the wheelset axle.     

Ride quality evaluation of a vehicle with a planar suspension system

The longitudinal connection between a chassis and a wheel in a conventional vehicle suspension system is commonly very stiff than the vertical connection. Such a mechanism can efficiently isolate vibrations and absorb shocks in the vertical direction but cannot sufficiently attenuate the impact in the longitudinal direction. In order to overcome such a limitation, a planar suspension system (PSS) with spring–damper struts in both the longitudinal and vertical directions is proposed so that the vibration along any direction in the wheel rotation plane can be isolated. In this paper, the dynamic responses of a vehicle with PSS due to a single bump and random road unevenness are investigated. The ride quality of the vehicle with PSS is evaluated in accordance with ISO 2631. A comparison with that of a similar conventional vehicle is conducted to demonstrate the promising potentials of the PSS in improving the vehicle ride quality.