全回转拖轮操纵运动建模与仿真

为提高拖轮操纵模拟器的行为真实感,运用操纵性理论和分离型建模思想,建立全回转拖轮适用于四象限全工况操纵运动的数学模型.通过处理导管桨JD75系列和四象限螺旋桨Nordstrom系列试验图谱后,提出了导管桨四象限推力模型,同时提出了一种适用于全速域的拖轮船体水动力模型.搭建拖轮运动模拟平台,开展一系列操纵性仿真试验,包括速度试航试验、螺线试验、Z形试验、回转试验及停船试验.将仿真数据与Force Techno-logy公司提供的试验数据进行比较分析,一致性良好,表明该模型精度可满足航海上仿真的需要.     

全回转拖轮操纵运动建模与仿真

为提高拖轮操纵模拟器的行为真实感,运用操纵性理论和分离型建模思想,建立全回转拖轮适用于四象限全工况操纵运动的数学模型。通过处理导管桨JD75系列和四象限螺旋桨Nordstrom系列试验图谱后,提出了导管桨四象限推力模型,同时提出了一种适用于全速域的拖轮船体水动力模型。搭建拖轮运动模拟平台,开展一系列操纵性仿真试验,包括速度试航试验、螺线试验、Z形试验、回转试验及停船试验。将仿真数据与Force Technology公司提供的试验数据进行比较分析,一致性良好,表明该模型精度可满足航海上仿真的需要。     

港内拖轮协助操船仿真数学模型的研究

本文为研制高精度、多功能的船舶操纵模拟器和进行船舶操纵安全评价的需要，首次提出了拖轮流体动力和拖轮Ｚ型导管螺旋桨四象限推力系数的实用估算方程。在此基础上，建立了港内拖轮协助操船仿真的数学模型。最后介绍了在港口引航实践中的两个仿真应用例。     

空泡效应对冰阻塞环境下的螺旋桨性能影响研究

针对空泡效应对冰区船舶螺旋桨在冰阻塞环境下的推进性能影响,在空泡水筒开展了均流和冰阻塞环境不同空泡数下的螺旋桨模型水动力性能对比试验。试验结果表明空泡效应减缓了冰阻塞环境下螺旋桨推力均值上升的程度,加剧了非定常变化的幅度;冰阻塞环境螺旋桨受空泡影响发生推力突降的运行工况要早于均流环境。采用CFD方法对冰阻塞环境下的螺旋桨模型水动力和空泡特性进行了数值模拟,冰阻塞典型工况的螺旋桨模型水动力性能计算结果与模型试验结果误差在5%以内,在相同工况下桨叶表面的空泡形态模拟结果与模型试验基本一致,表明本文冰阻塞环境螺旋桨水动力和空泡性能的数值模拟方法具有较高计算精度。     

螺旋桨逆转工况下的船舶运动仿真

近年来,船舶航行速度和吨位不断提升,海上运输交通更加拥挤,船舶碰撞、搁浅等事故频繁发生,这些都对船舶的操纵性能提出更高要求。船舶在港口等船舶较密集的工况下,需要进行频繁的停船、转向和倒航等操作,为了保障航行安全,船舶停船和倒航主要利用螺旋桨的逆转来实现。因此,研究螺旋桨逆转工况下的船舶运动特性有重要的意义。本文建立螺旋桨逆转工况下的力学模型,对螺旋桨的转矩、横向力等进行数值模拟,并进行船机-桨运动模型的Matlab/Simulink仿真分析。     

大型船可调桨推进装置机动工况分析不容忽视

论述主柴油机螺旋桨(FPP、CPP)推进特性的同时,结合螺旋桨推力系数(KP)、扭矩系数(Km)、随螺旋桨进程比,(λp)的变化情况,指出λp在大于某一定值后,螺旋桨将出现负推力和负转矩,这称为螺旋桨的水涡轮工况。此现象多发生在船舶机动作业的紧急换向工况中,对于CPP船若控制不慎,可能引发主机飞车或使船舶实际换向时间太长,两者都将延误船舶紧急避碰时机。现推荐一种"能耗法"的控制方法,可以有效地缩短船舶紧急换向实际时间,避免海难事故,保障航行安全。     

船舶多工况操纵运动仿真及其在初步设计中的应用

首先整理了前人的试验资料，建立了船舶多工况操纵运动数学模型及其仿真系统，给出了一种新的风力及风力矩数学模型并预报了船舶在风力作用下的操纵运动；并且提出了估算浅水中船体水动力的新方法，预报了船舶在浅水中的操纵性能；同时，对船舶紧急停船运动进行了仿真研究，给出了合理的计算模型。最后基于船舶操纵性能仿真系统开发了一个利用船舶操纵性能确定船型尺度的初步设计系统。     

船舶在风、流环境下的操纵性数字模型

系统地论述船舶操纵仿真数学模型及计算机模拟,并以MMG操纵运动数学模型及相关的系列实验结果为基础,建立单(双)桨方形舵(流线型舵、单板舵)运输船舶的基本模型,以及在水动力、螺旋桨推力、舵力及其力矩、静水、风、流中的操纵运动模型,导出该模型的无因次化方程组,选择欧拉积分法,积分求解该方程组。利用VB程序模拟了船舶回转运动,其计算结果基本符合实际情况,最后对结果进行了分析。     

J型铺管船动力定位性能研究

本文对J型铺管船的静、动态动力定位性能开展研究,得到风速包络线和推力使用率,确定了铺管船能够抵抗的极限载荷,以及在作业工况下推力使用情况。在时域中对动力定位的J型铺管船进行了运动模拟,确定了船舶的定位精度,并对铺管作业对定位能力的影响展开研究,研究了以不同角度进行管道铺设时对推力使用率的影响,在时域中研究并比较分析了进行铺管作业船舶的动力定位精度。本文明确了船舶在铺设管线时的动力定位能力,为工程实践提供参考。     

螺旋桨四象限水动力性能数值模拟及应用

在螺旋桨数值模拟领域里,敞水桨四象限(前进中正车、前进中倒车、后退中进车、后退中倒车)的水动力性能研究几乎是空白。本文从桨的几何构建,网格生成,第一、四象限和第二、三象限的不同求解模式及流场特征,第二、三象限推力系数曲线拐点及相应的环流涡,进行了数值模拟和分析。对桨四象限的应用,以制动机动为例进行探讨。     

基于推力数值计算的喷水推进船快速性预报与验证

为实现对喷水推进船航速的快速、精准预报,基于ANSYS-CFX软件平台建立喷水推进器推力的计算流体力学(CFD)模型,采用分块六面体结构化网格离散计算域,采用稳态多参考系法求解雷诺时均的Navier-Stokes方程和SST湍流模型,对喷水推进器内的流场进行数值模拟.采用壁面积分法获取喷水推进器的等转速推力曲线,将其与船阻力曲线相叠加,通过求曲线的交点预报航速.选取可提供推进特性图谱的船A、带双级轴流式喷水推进器的船B和带混流式喷水推进器的船C为例,验证该方法的准确性.结果表明:船A配置的喷水推进器的推力计算值和航速预报值与厂商提供的数值吻合良好,船B和船C的航速预报结果均与实船试航值比较接近,最大偏差小于0.5 kn.结果验证了计算模型的可信性和适用性,进一步表明该方法可较好地指导喷水推进器厂商根据船舶所有人的需求便捷地选出合适型号的喷水推进器.     

一种新型减摇装置的试验与分析

文章提出了一种新型船舶减摇装置－推力鳍,以解决提高船舶在全航速下的减摇能力问题,并研究了鳍浆组合体的结构形式,不同情况下的升、阻力特性;最后依据试验数据分析了船舶在低航速下的减摇能力。     

船舶推进轴的推力轴承特性分析

Thrust bearing is a key component of the propulsion system of a ship. It transfers the propulsive forces from the propeller to the ship’s hull, allowing the propeller to push the ship ahead. The performance of a thrust bearing pad is critical. When the thrust bearing becomes damaged, it can cause the ship to lose power and can also affect its operational safety. For this paper, the distribution of the pressure field of a thrust pad was calculated with numerical method, applying Reynolds equation. Thrust bearing properties for loads were analyzed, given variations in outlet thickness of the pad and variations between the load and the slope of the pad. It was noticed that the distribution of pressure was uneven. As a result, increases of both the outlet thickness and the slope coefficient of the pad were able to improve load bearing capability.     

Experimental study on hydrodynamics of L-type podded propulsor in straight-ahead motion and off-design conditions

Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of an L-type podded propulsor in straight-ahead motion and off-design conditions using an open-water measuring instrument developed by the authors for podded propulsors, a ship model towing tank, and under water particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement systems. Under the three types of conditions, the main parameters of an L-type podded propulsor were measured, including the propeller thrust and torque, as well as the thrust, side force, and moment of the whole pod unit. In addition, the flow field on the section between the propeller and the strut was analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that the dynamic azimuthing rate and direction and the turning direction affect the forces on the propeller and the whole pod unit. Forces are asymmetrically distributed between the left and right azimuthing directions because of the effect of propeller rotation. The findings of this study provide a foundation for further research on L-type podded propulsors.     

L型吊舱式推进器直线运动和非设计工况下水动力性能的试验研究（英文）

Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of an L-type podded propulsor in straight-ahead motion and off-design conditions using an open-water measuring instrument developed by the authors for podded propulsors, a ship model towing tank, and under water particle image velocimetry(PIV) measurement systems. Under the three types of conditions, the main parameters of an L-type podded propulsor were measured, including the propeller thrust and torque, as well as the thrust, side force, and moment of the whole pod unit. In addition, the flow field on the section between the propeller and the strut was analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that the dynamic azimuthing rate and direction and the turning direction affect the forces on the propeller and the whole pod unit. Forces are asymmetrically distributed between the left and right azimuthing directions because of the effect of propeller rotation. The findings of this study provide a foundation for further research on L-type podded propulsors.     

Estimation and prediction of effective inflow velocity to propeller in waves

A free running test using a container ship model clarified properties of effective inflow velocity to propellers in waves. The analysis assumes that thrust and torque vary keeping their relation to the effective inflow velocity as represented by open-water characteristics of a propeller in a steady calm water condition. Measurement in regular waves confirmed the variation of average values of the effective wake coefficient and ship speed depending on wavelength and wave encounter angle. Comparison with the longitudinal flow velocity measured at the sides of the propeller using an onboard vane-wheel current meters confirmed that one can estimate the effective inflow velocity based on thrust or torque data. Theoretical estimates in regular waves based on a strip method are provided and compared with the experimental data. A prediction model of the future inflow velocity is proposed to cope with a time delay of a propeller pitch controller for higher propeller efficiency in waves.     

Circular motion tests and uncertainty analysis for ship maneuverability

Circular motion test data and uncertainty analysis results of investigations of the hydrodynamic characteristics of ship maneuvering are presented. The model ships used were a container ship and two tankers, and the measured items were the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, propeller thrust, rudder normal and tangential forces, pitch and roll angles, and heave. The test parameters were the oblique angle and yaw rate for the conditions of a hull with a rudder and propeller in which the rudder angle was set to zero and the propeller speed was set to the model self-propulsion conditions. Carriage data showing the accuracy of the towing conditions in the circular motion test are also presented. It was confirmed that the uncertainties in the hydrodynamic forces such as the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, rudder tangential and normal forces, and propeller thrust were fairly small. The reported uncertainty analysis results of the circular motion test data may be beneficial in validating data quality and in discussing reliability for simulation of ship maneuvering performance.     

导管螺旋桨的推力、进速与诱导速度沿盘面的分布特征

运用计算流体力学方法对在不同工况中导管螺旋螺旋桨的推力、转矩以及螺旋桨周围的流场特性进行观察,对导管螺旋桨盘面处的进速、诱导速度的沿盘面的分布以及螺旋桨所发出的推力与周围速度场之间的关系进行分析。计算结果表明,由于导管出口处激发出的下游尾涡作用,螺旋桨推力、转矩、盘面的进速以及诱导速度分量的时域过程表现出了一种多次峰谷值振荡变化的动力学特征;轴向进速是影响螺旋桨推力、转矩变化的主要因素。