自由来流角度影响下壁面湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱的大涡模拟计算分析研究

壁面湍流脉动压力是重要的流噪声声源,对壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱进行数值计算是流声耦合领域的重要课题。文章在已有工作的基础上,采用大涡模拟方法(LES)结合动态亚格子涡模型(DSL)与千万量级的精细网格,对不同自由来流角度影响下壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱进行了数值计算与分析。首先,介绍了大涡模拟基本方法,包括:大涡模拟的物理内涵、基本方程以及所采用亚格子涡模型的表达式。其次,介绍了湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱及其计算与分析方法。再次,对不同自由来流角度情况下的湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱进行了计算,并将计算结果进行了比较分析,深入讨论了自由来流角度对湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱的影响。结果表明,在自由来流角度影响下,湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱主要参数(包括波数—频率谱的谱级峰值、迁移脊在波数—频率域内的分布范围、迁移速度和无量纲迁移速度等)均发生了明显变化,说明自由来流角度对湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱有显著影响,且边界层内湍流脉动压力的能量主要沿流向分布。因此,为了更加准确可靠地研究边界层内湍流脉动压力的主要统计特性及其波数—频率谱,传感器阵列或监测点阵列布置方向应与当地流向(局部剪应力线或摩擦力线)一致。     

孔腔脉动压力及其波数—频率谱的大涡模拟研究

孔腔流动中包含着流动分离和失稳以及涡旋相互干扰等复杂的流动现象。孔腔涡旋流动引起的流体振荡能够引起脉动压力的显著增加从而产生强烈的噪声,在工程实际中备受关注。湍流脉动压力是流激噪声的重要来源,也是湍流研究中的基础性问题,对其进行数值计算研究是流声耦合领域的重要内容,而湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱的构建更是该领域的技术难点。文章采用大涡模拟方法(LES)对孔腔脉动压力进行了数值模拟,考察了四套网格和四种亚格子应力模型对计算结果的影响,并与试验结果进行比较,验证数值计算方法的可靠性。首先采用大涡模拟方法计算了孔腔的脉动压力,并与中国船舶科学研究中心的空泡水筒试验结果进行对比分析。接着详细地分析孔腔脉动压力,研究亚格子应力模型和网格数量对计算结果的影响。最后,对数值计算得到的脉动压力多元阵列结果进行时间/空间Fourier变换,构建了三维脉动压力波数-频率谱。该文工作对今后流激结构振动噪声的预报和流动控制研究奠定了基础。     

翼/板结合部涡旋流动结构与壁面脉动压力的大涡模拟研究

壁面脉动压力是湍流非定常特性的重要表征,而且是重要的流体动力声源,所以对于脉动压力的研究已经成为流声耦合研究领域的重要课题。文章采用大涡模拟方法结合动态Smagorinsky亚格子涡模型,数值计算了两型翼/板结合部在不同流速下的湍流脉动压力,并展示了结合部马蹄涡流动结构。通过将计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析可知,数值计算方法能准确地预报湍流脉动压力,从而为理解翼/板结合部非定常流动的物理机理奠定了基础。     

基于湍流脉动压力的波数——频率谱预报流噪声

[目的]根据Lighthill声类比方程及其发展理论,可以将壁面湍流脉动压力的波数—频率谱作为声源项来预报流噪声,且分析湍流脉动压力的波数—频率谱有助于了解湍流结构的时空关联特性。[方法]以NACA0012翼型为例,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法进行流场仿真计算,然后通过Fourier变换得到壁面湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱的数值解,并与Corcos的平板湍流边界层脉动压力波数—频率谱模型进行比较;在此基础上,将该波数—频率谱作为声源输入,代入Goldstein版本的声类比方程中预报辐射噪声,并与软件计算的流噪声结果以及Brooks试验拟合结果进行比较。[结果]结果发现:小曲率变化的NACA 0012翼型表面的波数—频率谱具有与平板表面相似的一般特性;在中、低频段采用该方法预报的流噪声结果与Brooks试验结果拟合更好。[结论]所得结果表明开展波数—频率谱研究是有必要的,将其作为主要声源项来预报亚声速下产生的流噪声是合理的。     

湍流边界层脉动压力对声强测量的影响研究

实际声强测量时常常存在风流或水流,如在飞机或船舶上进行测量,声强探头将受到湍流边界层脉动压力的影响。如何评估该影响以及如何修正测量结果是人们十分关心的工程实用问题。该文首先简要介绍了建立的由湍流边界层脉动压力诱发声强的理论模型。接着利用现有的湍流边界层脉动压力频率-波数谱模型,对湍流边界层脉动压力及其诱发的声强进行了数值分析。为了验证理论模型及数值结果,设计制作了一套实验装置,对湍流边界层脉动压力及其产生的声强进行了具体测量分析。结果表明,湍流边界层脉动压力的测量结果与数值结果吻合良好,测量得到的边界层脉动压力诱发的声强特性与计算结果也十分一致,但必须注意对测量传感器的空间响应进行修正。     

湍流边界层脉动压力波数—频率谱模型对比研究

湍流边界层噪声是舰船主要水动力噪声之一。湍流边界层噪声预报须选用适当的脉动压力波数—频率谱模型。引入6种常用的脉动压力波数-频率谱模型,在波数域和频域内进行对比;运用这些模型对槽道流边界层脉动压力自功率谱进行预报,并引入试验结果进行对比,为工程应用中选择适当的脉动压力波数—频率谱模型提供依据：Corcos模型物理意义明确,但预报精度稍差;Chase模型表达式复杂,经验性更强,物理意义不明晰,预报精度较高。     

国外舰船水动力噪声研究进展概述

水动力噪声是潜艇和水下航行体较大航速时的主要噪声源,在低Ma数情况下,它主要是湍流边界层脉动压力激励结构振动产生的辐射噪声.文章综述湍流边界层脉动压力的频率-波数谱模型、湍流脉动压力测量方法以及弹性结构受湍流脉动压力激励的外部区域场计算的研究进展.     

非均衡湍流边界层脉动压力测试研究

通过建立非均衡湍流边界层脉动压力测试技术及可提供较高测试信噪比的低噪声风洞试验装置,采用表面贴装式硅微传声器线列阵,测量获得了不同压力梯度模型的湍流边界层脉动压力特性,压力梯度模型表面湍流边界层脉动压力低频平台区幅值增加3-5 dB;回归得到了非均衡湍流边界层流脉动压力频谱与Strauhal数及Re数和压力梯度相关的拟合模型,具有一定的适用性;压力梯度对湍流边界层脉动压力频率—波数谱的影响主要集中在300 Hz以下的低频段,传输波数附近峰脊区谱级增加3-5 dB。     

非均匀流中E779A螺旋桨空化涡流演变及压力脉动数值分析

本文对E779A螺旋桨非定常空化流动进行了数值模拟研究，通过对螺旋桨流场中的压力脉动及涡量场的分析，探讨了空化对压力脉动以及涡流场的影响。计算中采用了k-ωSST湍流模型和Zwart-Gerber-Belamri空化模型。数值模拟的结果表明：预测的非定常空化形态与试验结果基本一致；周期性演变的非定常空化会诱发大幅度周期性变化的压力脉动。此外，本文使用了相对涡量输运方程进行进一步分析，结果表明，空化引起的涡量拉伸、收缩膨胀和斜压力矩会促进涡的产生和发展，从而加剧流场的不稳定性。     

各向异性湍流积分长度数值预报研究

文章针对目前模型试验只能获得各向同性湍流积分长度这一现状,建立了各向异性湍流积分长度数值预报方法:(1)RANS预报初始定常流场;(2)大涡模拟计算脉动速度场;(3)脉动速度相关函数计算各向同性湍流积分长度;(4)计算各向异性湍流积分长度。通过二维水翼模型试验验证了水中各向同性湍流积分长度的数值预报精度,平均误差6.81%;通过风洞螺旋桨验证了空气中各向异性湍流积分长度计算方法。对SUBOFF桨盘面处各向异性湍流积分长度的预报研究发现,各方向湍流积分长度外半径大于内半径;潜艇上部涡团扩散较下部明显,内半径湍流积分长度波峰随着角度增大而内移;Λ11、Λ12和Λ13周向分布受指挥台围壳和稳定翼马蹄涡影响,波峰出现在20°和90°左右;Λ31和Λ32的频率峰值受指挥台围壳和稳定翼马蹄涡脱落频率(约15 Hz)影响,峰值集中在30 Hz以下。该文提出的各向异性湍流积分长度预报方法,为下一步螺旋桨低频宽带噪声预报中构造新的湍流波数谱以提高预报精度提出了思路。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

某海港码头的撞损修复

依据码头撞击受损区域调查检测结果,对受损构件提出合理的修复方案,为码头的安全运行提供保障。