限制水域船体水动力计算分析与 自由面数值阻尼的应用

当预报船体在狭窄航道或运河等限制水域运动时,需要考虑池壁效应对运动的影响。通过引入自由面池壁格林函数来考虑池壁效应,并通过切比雪夫多项式对其进行逼近,完成了自由面池壁格林函数的高效和高精度计算。文章通过算例与商业软件进行对比,并给出结果。为解决计算过程中存在的自由面的数值共振问题,通过在自由面施加人工数值阻尼,以保证浮体运动和自由面升高计算结果更符合实际情况。     

水下爆炸气泡对水面舰船载荷的数值研究

文章基于势流理论采用边界积分法求解拉普拉斯方程,阐述水面舰船附近三维爆炸气泡脉动过程的计算模型.通过数值计算获得气泡运动规律的同时,着重研究爆炸气泡对船体的载荷.计算结果揭示出爆炸气泡对水面舰船的整体破坏作用.     

水下爆炸气泡及其对结构毁伤研究综述

水下爆炸,特别是近场水下爆炸,会对舰船结构造成严重的毁伤,研究表明,水下爆炸气泡将与含初始毁伤的结构产生强烈的耦合效应,造成二次毁伤。水下爆炸气泡与自由面、壁面、弹性结构等不同边界的相互作用是流体力学和流固耦合领域的研究热点,有很多机理性问题亟待解决。围绕水下爆炸气泡对结构的毁伤,从实验研究、理论研究、数值研究等方面阐述该领域国内外的研究现状。在现有的研究动态中,仍存在着不足,一些问题仍需深入研究,例如,要研究水下爆炸冲击波对水中结构造成破口后,气泡与具有初始破口的不完整边界的耦合动力学特性,并计入结构的弹塑性、自由液面效应、气泡周围流场的可压缩性、气泡的初始形状以及气泡内部的温度变化,探索气泡的"腔吸现象"、射流特性及其载荷规律。     

基于三维时域格林函数高阶面元法的船体运动计算

针对波浪中航行船体的运动问题,基于三维时域自由面格林函数并采用高阶面元离散,编程计算了浮体的运动响应.采用自由面格林函数,只需在船体湿表面布源,减少系数矩阵维度,避开自由面网格划分;同时高阶面元法(HOBEM)在计算速度势空间分布时能够提高精度.本文通过计算Wigley-Ⅲ型船在波浪中有航速前行时的运动,与实验进行对比,发现结果符合较好,证明这种方法的有效性.     

基于自适应直角网格的高速方尾船气泡尾流模拟

航行水面舰船的尾流中含有大量气泡。气泡尾流具有演化时间长、扩散范围广等特征,对舰船的噪声、隐身性能等产生影响。这项研究通过自主开发的两相流求解器,采用大涡模拟方法对方尾船后的近场尾流进行数值模拟。使用自适应直角网格方法进行动态网格加密,通过几何VOF方法捕捉自由面和尾流中较大的气泡,利用高阶浸入边界方法模拟方尾船体表面。通过对方尾船不同吃水深度下气泡尾流的模拟,获得其形态特征。对尾流模拟数据进行时间平均和空间平均,得到尾流两相混合区域的速度分布。使用自主开发的气泡识别程序,获得尾流中气泡尺寸的分布和空间分布规律。     

船舶有航速辐射问题的新实用数值方法

为解决船舶在波浪中以恒定速度运动的辐射问题,基于势流理论,采用三维瞬时自由面格林函数方法对船舶水动力问题进行求解。提出三维瞬时自由面格林函数波动项的新数值计算方法,并在大时间区域内基于精细积分法对三维瞬时自由面格林函数的波动项进行插值调用,最终提高波动时域格林函数的数值计算精度。对Wigley船型的水动力系数进行数值计算,并将附加质量和阻尼系数的数值计算结果与试验结果和参考文献进行对比,验证新数值计算方法的有效性。     

圆柱壳附近水下爆炸气泡动态特性研究

基于不可压缩势流理论,运用边界元方法,建立圆柱壳附近水下爆炸气泡三维数值模型。然后采用该模型模拟深水中圆柱壳附近近场水下爆炸气泡运动,并对气泡动态特性以及攻角大小对其影响规律进行了研究。计算结果表明,膨胀阶段气泡受浮力作用以及壁面的排斥作用影响较小;收缩阶段气泡受浮力作用以及气泡受壁面的吸引作用影响较大,随攻角的减小,气泡射流作用和气泡脉动压力均逐渐增强,即爆点位于圆柱壳结构正下方时所造成的结构损伤最为严重。研究结论有益于潜艇结构抗爆防护设计,也为水下爆炸气泡载荷作用下潜艇结构毁伤机理研究提供了参考依据。     

爆炸气泡与舰船相互作用的相似性方法研究

在相似方法的基础上,基于修正的Rayleigh模型,描述水下电火花放电气泡(小尺度气泡)与真实的水下爆炸气泡(大尺度气泡)之间的相似关系。总结不同工况下不同尺度气泡运动及其载荷的相似规律,包括气泡半径的变化、迁移量以及射流速度等特征量。在此基础上,将水中气泡与复杂的舰船边界耦合,研究舰船附近气泡的动态特征。研究表明,基于相似性理论可有效地用电火花气泡模拟水下爆炸气泡,可将机理性试验的结果拓展到应用研究中。     

直接边界元法时域全非线性兴波计算

文章在时域中采用直接边界元的方法计算模拟了以稳定航速运动的近水面潜体全非线性兴波现象.从格林定理出发,在边界面上布置Rankine源和偶极子,采用时间步进的方法计算模拟潜体近自由面运动的兴波现象.每个时步自由面上的势和节点位置采用全非线性拉格朗日自由面边界条件求解,重新生成自由面网格准备下一个时步计算的初始条件.文中给出了数值计算的结果并与试验和线性计算的结果相比,证实了该方法是可靠的,并可以利用该方法建立数值波浪水池.     

高粘度流体中气泡与自由液面相互作用实验研究

气泡的运动形式与边界条件密切相关.当气泡在近自由液面附近运动时,会与自由液面发生相互作用并产生复杂的水冢和射流现象.目前相关研究大多是在理想流体中进行,然而气泡在化工、生物及医学等高粘度流体中广泛存在,其运动规律尚未探明.因此,文中在前人研究的基础上,通过水下低压放电装置生成气泡,研究高粘度流体中气泡与自由液面相互作用...     

A numerical investigation of bubble dynamics based on the potential-flow theory

1 Introduction1 In the past, people researched into the underwater bubble dynamics by combining the theoretical analysis and experimental study, however, theoretical analysis is limited to simple and regular cases and the repeatability and alterability of…     

Scattering of surface waves by the edge of a small undulation on a porous bed in an ocean with ice-cover

Scattering of surface waves by the edge of a small undulation on a porous bed in an ocean of finite depth, where the free surface has an ice-cover being modelled as an elastic plate of very small thickness, is investigated within the framework of linearized water wave theory. The effect of surface tension at the surface below the ice-cover is neglected. There exists only one wave number propagating at just below the ice-cover. A perturbation analysis is employed to solve the boundary value problem governed by Laplace＇s equation by a method based on Green＇s integral theorem with the introduction of appropriate Green＇s function and thereby evaluating the reflection and transmission coefficients approximately up to first order. A patch of sinusoidal ripples is considered as an example and the related coefficients are determined.     

Characteristics of a bubble jet near a vertical wall

A numerical model of a coupled bubble jet and wall was built on the assumption of potential flow and calculated by the boundary integral method. A three-dimensional computing program was then developed. Starting with the basic phenomenon of the interaction between a bubble and a wall, the dynamics of bubbles near rigid walls were studied systematically with the program. Calculated results agreed well with experimental results. The relationship between the Bjerknes effect of a wall and characteristic parameters was then studied and the calculated results of various cases were compared and discussed with the Blake criterion based on the Kelvin-impulse theory. Our analyses show that the angle of the jet＇s direction and the pressure on the rigid wall have a close relationship with collapse force and the bubble＇s characteristic parameters. From this, the application range of Blake criterion can be determined. This paper aims to provide a basis for future research on the dynamics of bubbles near a wall.     

冲击波和气泡脉动联合作用下加筋板的毁伤仿真研究

运用有限元程序MSC．Dytran对无限水域近场非接触爆炸冲击波和气泡脉动载荷下加筋板的毁伤进行研究，分析两种冲击载荷的不同作用方式、作用位置和毁伤效果。在此基础上分析加筋板结构和气泡脉动的相互影响，距离参数的改变对气泡中心移动方向、射流方向和射流强度的影响。并对Blake准则在弹性结构边界下的使用范围进行探讨。     

两个气泡相互作用的某些动力特性研究

文章采用边界积分方法模拟三维水下气泡的动力特性,详细阐述气泡计算的数学模型和数值实施过程,探究了三种不同浮力参数情况下(无重力、弱浮力、强浮力)气泡的演变情况。计算结果表明,在不同的浮力参数下,气泡形状和射流特点有着显著的区别,射流形成和发展与重力有着密切的联系。文中计算了两气泡在不同距离和不同强度参数下的相互作用的特点,为气泡动力特性的研究提供了参考。     

Wave scattering by multiple floating elastic plates with spring or hinged boundary conditions

We solve the problem of wave scattering by multiple floating elastic plates with arbitrary boundary conditions, such as spring connectors or hinges at the plate edges. We present two solution methods, the first method is based on a matched eigenfunction expansion and the second uses a Green function. The matched eigenfunction expansion method allows arbitrary parameters for a given plate and also allows regions of open water. The Green function method requires that all plate properties must be uniform except plate length and the plate must cover the entire free surface. The Green function method is much less computationally demanding than the matched eigenfunction method and provides a test of accuracy. A range of results are presented, which show that the behaviour of the plate depends strongly on the boundary conditions at the plate edges.     

Time-domain TEBEM method for mean drift force and moment of ships with forward speed under the oblique seas

A numerical method for solving 3D unsteady potential flow problem of ship advancing in waves is put forward. The flow field is divided into an inner and an outer domain by introducing an artificial matching surface. The inner domain is surrounded by ship wetted surface and matching surface as well as part of the free surface. The free surface condition for the inner domain is formulated by perturbation about the double-body flow or uniform incoming flow assumption. The outer domain is surrounded by matching surface and the rest free surface as well as infinite far-field radiation boundary. The free surface condition for the outer domain is formulated by perturbation about uniform incoming flow. The simple Green function and transient free surface Green function are used to form the boundary integral equation (BIE) for the inner and outer domains, respectively. Taylor Expansion Boundary Element Method (TEBEM) is utilized to solve the double-body flow and inner domain and outer domain unsteady flow BIE. Matching conditions for the inner domain flow and outer domain flow are enforced by the continuity of velocity potential and normal velocity on the matching surface. Direct pressure integration on ship wetted surface is used to obtain the first-order and second-order wave forces (moments). The numerical predictions on the displacement, added resistance, sway mean drift force and yaw mean drift moment of the modified KVLCC2 ship at different forward speeds are investigated by the proposed TEBEM method. It is also compared with the other numerical results. The physical tank experiment results are also developed to validate the accuracy of numerical tank results. Compared with the experiment solutions, a good agreement can be obtained by TEBEM method.

     

流体与结构砰击的全非线性模拟:综述（英文）

This paper presents a review of the work on fluid/structure impact based on inviscid and imcompressible liquid and irrotational flow. The focus is on the velocity potential theory together with boundary element method(BEM). Fully nonlinear boundary conditions are imposed on the unknown free surface and the wetted surface of the moving body. The review includes(1) vertical and oblique water entry of a body at constant or a prescribed varying speed, as well as free fall motion,(2) liquid droplets or column impact as well as wave impact on a body,(3) similarity solution of an expanding body. It covers two dimensional(2D), axisymmetric and three dimensional(3D) cases. Key techniques used in the numerical simulation are outlined, including mesh generation on the multivalued free surface, the stretched coordinate system for expanding domain, the auxiliary function method for decoupling the mutual dependence of the pressure and the body motion, and treatment for the jet or the thin liquid film developed during impact.     

Fully nonlinear simulation for fluid/structure impact: A review

This paper presents a review of the work on fluid/structure impact based on inviscid and imcompressible liquid and irrotational flow. The focus is on the velocity potential theory together with boundary element method （BEM）. Fully nonlinear boundary conditions are imposed on the unknown free surface and the wetted surface of the moving body. The review includes （1） vertical and oblique water entry of a body at constant or a prescribed varying speed, as well as free fall motion, （2） liquid droplets or column impact as well as wave impact on a body, （3） similarity solution of an expanding body. It covers two dimensional （2D）, axisymmetric and three dimensional （3D） cases. Key techniques used in the numerical simulation are outlined, including mesh generation on the multivalued free surface, the stretched coordinate system for expanding domain, the auxiliary function method for decoupling the mutual dependence of the pressure and the body motion, and treatment for the jet or the thin liquid film developed during impact.