规则迎浪中船舶参数横摇的三维时域预报方法研究

参数横摇是船舶因复原特性改变而引起的典型非线性现象。文章采用三维时域方法预报规则迎浪中船舶的参数横摇运动。该方法引入匹配面将流域分为内域和外域,内域中采用Rankine源来满足物面条件和线性自由面条件,而外域中应用时域格林函数来满足线性自由面条件和远场辐射条件。数值方法中,Froude-Krylov力和恢复力是通过对船舶瞬时湿表面积积分获得,同时考虑了横摇、垂荡和纵摇三自由度之间的耦合作用,以及非线性横摇阻尼的影响。数值结果与试验结果吻合很好,说明该方法可以有效地预报参数横摇。     

一种船体及周围自由面的网格自动生成方法

船体湿表面及船体周围的自由面网格自动生成技术是采用Rankine源方法进行水动力分析的基础.文中使用累加弧长三次参数样条函数生成船体湿表面网格,使用无限插值的方法生成自由面网格,运用拉伸变换确定自由面网格外边界上的结点分布以控制自由面面元的疏密.使用该方法生成的网格进行了水动力分析,计算结果表明该方法准确灵活,可以满足使用Rankine源方法对船舶进行水动力分析的需要.     

基于泰勒展开边界元耦合镜像格林函数法的浮体水动力学池壁效应（英文）

A novel numerical model based on the image Green function and first-order Taylor expansion boundary element method(TEBEM), which can improve the accuracy of the hydrodynamic simulation for the non-smooth body, was developed to calculate the side wall effects on first-order motion responses and second-order drift loads upon offshore structures in the wave tank. This model was confirmed by comparing it to the results from experiments on hydrodynamic coefficients, namely the first-order motion response and second-order drift load upon a hemisphere, prolate spheroid, and box-shaped barge in the wave tank. Then,the hydrodynamics of the KVLCC2 model were also calculated in two wave tanks with different widths. It was concluded that this model can predict the hydrodynamics for offshore structures effectively, and the side wall has a significant impact on the firstorder quantities and second-order drift loads, which satisfied the resonant rule.     

浅水中低速斜航船舶水动力预报及验证与确认分析

浅水中的斜航船舶受到浅水阻塞效应和不对称流的综合影响。为预报该运动中的船舶水动力,文章采用基于定常雷诺平均纳维—斯托克斯方程的计算流体动力学方法,对浅水中做斜航运动的船舶粘性绕流场进行数值模拟。考虑低航速运动的特点,忽略航速影响下的自由面兴波,由数值计算得到水动力系数在漂角影响下的变化规律。针对计算精度问题,在数值模拟中从验证和确认角度分析和评估计算结果：通过网格收敛性分析分析数值误差与不确定度;结合试验数据考察计算模型的误差。此外,从计算区域尺度、湍流模型、边界条件、船体下沉和纵倾作用方面对模型误差的影响因素进行探讨,可为改进计算模型、提高数值模拟精度提供参考依据。     

近水面水翼影响的船舶兴波时域计算研究

近水面水翼的兴波由升力线的自由面兴波来表达,船体的兴波考虑升力线兴波的干扰影响,三维时域格林函数法用于船体的兴波分析计算.以Wigley船型为数值计算例,考虑近水面水翼的影响,分别对单体船和双体船进行了船舶兴波计算研究,提供了兴波波形和兴波阻力的计算结果.以系列60船型为数值计算例,把计算的结果与发表的有关结果进行对比,具有较好的吻合.本文还对船舶自由表面兴波波形进行了时域数值仿真.     

基于OpenFOAM的船舶与液舱流体晃荡在波浪中时域耦合运动的数值模拟

波浪中载液船舶运动激励舱内液体的晃荡,舱内液体晃荡产生的冲击力同时作用在舱壁上,进而影响船舶的运动姿态。波浪中船体水动力和时延函数是在势流理论范畴下采用切片法和脉冲响应函数方法计算获得的,液舱内液体非线性晃荡是基于粘性流理论实时计算模拟,两者耦合建立了波浪中载液船舶与液舱流体晃荡耦合的运动方程。论文基于开源CFD开发平台OpenFOAM,自主开发实现了船体运动与液舱晃荡的耦合计算程序,并进行了相应的数值模拟计算和验证工作。该方法完整地考虑了波浪、船体和液舱晃荡之间的耦合作用,并结合船体内外流场特点分别采用了势流和粘性流理论,具有较高的计算效率。通过数值模拟计算和模型实验研究表明,数值模拟计算能够清晰显现出液舱晃荡对船体全局运动影响,船体运动计算结果与模型实验结果吻合良好。     

Time domain simulations of the wave-induced motions of ships in maneuvering condition

The wave-induced motions of ships in maneuvering condition are numerically studied based on potential theory. The total disturbance potential is decomposed into a basic part and a perturbation part. The basic flow is evaluated based on the double-body model with a trailing vortex sheet. The perturbation flow is solved by using a time domain Rankine panel method to determine the hydrodynamic forces, and the wave-induced ship motions are then evaluated by an Adam–Moulton scheme. The solving process of the wave-induced motion is integrated with the maneuvering prediction by using a two–time scale model. Numerical tests are firstly carried out for a Series 60 ship, and the numerical results are compared with the experimental data to validate the numerical method for the basic flow. Then the wave-induced motions of the S-175 container ship in straight course and in turning condition are simulated; the numerical results are compared with the ITTC data and the experimental data, which show fairly good agreements.     

波浪对箱形船作用的三维耦合计算模型

为获得具有工程实用价值的港口三维船非线性波浪力的时域计算方法,该文建立了波浪对港口中船非线性作用的三维时域计算耦合模型:用欧拉方程计算船底面下的内域,用Boussinesq方程计算船侧面到港口边界的外域,两域在交界面处匹配条件是流量连续和压力相等.并进行了相关模型实验,实验结果和数值计算结果比较表明该耦合计算模型具有满意的精度.此外,该三维耦合模型数学处理简单,计算效率高,可适用于工程计算.     

波浪中多船多墩柱受力和运动的快速计算方法

文章对多船多墩柱相互作用问题提出了一个快速计算方法.该方法是将船体剖面用具有相等面积的等效矩形代替,并将流场划分为船底与水底之间的内场和船侧面之外的外场.对内场,采用简单的解析解;对外场,由于剖面是矩形的,所以可采用在船体水面周线上分布源汇的简单的源汇分布法.对内外场进行耦合匹配进行求解.直立柱体则相当于船底和水底之间间隙为零的情况,所以上面也可包括直立柱体的情况,这样该方法对多船多墩柱的问题可以给出简便快速的算法.通过与试验结果和数值结果的比较,验证了文中计算的有效性.     

频域范围内液舱晃荡对FLNG运动影响的研究

FLNG是一种新型的浮式海洋结构物,其外形与FPSO相似并配备天然气的液化装置以及LNC储罐.FLNG概念的出现使得海上边际油气的开发不再依赖于长距离的管道运输,从而节约了此类油气田的开发成本.文中基于WADAM并针对液舱晃荡与船体运动之间的相互影响进行了频域范围内的研究,在研究过程中将液舱内湿表面包含于船体外湿表面中从而形成一个统一的边界表面.通过计算得出考虑液舱晃荡与忽略液舱晃荡两种情况下的六自由度运动的RAO.对于两种情况下的计算结果进行分析研究,从而得到液舱晃荡对船体运动影响的重要规律.     

带有变化率的同轴圆柱体受到的波浪力研究(英文)

Wave diffraction of two concentric porous cylinders with varying porosity was studied by using an analytical method based on eigenfunction matching.The fluid domain around the cylinders is divided into three sub-domains and in each sub-domain an eigenfunction expansion of the velocity potential is obtained by satisfying the Laplace equation,the boundary conditions on the free surface and on the sea bed.The unknown coefficients of eigenfunction expansions are determined by boundary conditions on the porous hulls.In the paper,the boundary conditions are based upon the assumption that the flow in the porous medium is governed by Darcy’s law.Two porous-effect parameters applied on two porous cylinders are functions of the vertical coordinate instead of the constant.Wave loading on the outer and inner cylinder is presented in the numerical results.     

波浪中航行两船模池壁干扰效应的数值研究

对规则波中顶浪并行航行的两船模,基于频域移动脉动源格林函数建立了有效表达池壁效应的三维数学模型,该模型采用分布源积分方法求解近距航行两船模的波浪作用力和运动响应,并利用镜像原理将水池格林函数表示为开阔水域的格林函数和由镜像点源组成的无穷级数.分析移动脉动源格林函数的远场传播模态及其特性可知,当τ>0.272(τ为斯特劳哈尔数)时各传播波模态均不在点源的上游出现,故此时点源波系的影响范围可由环形—扇形波的半楔角确定,在此基础上计及船模辐射—绕射波的池壁反射作用对自身和另一船模的干扰,依据船型要素、水池宽度和两船相对位置,采用六个几何临界半楔角表征船体的辐射—绕射波,提出了并行航行两船模的池壁效应判别方法.数值研究表明:不同镜像次数下水池格林函数的数值差异主要体现在距船艏较远处,在兼顾计算精度与效率的原则下可选取有限项级数的水池格林函数作为积分内核,而池壁效应对近距航行两船运动响应的影响主要体现在长波区.     

Large-eddy simulation of cross-flow around ship sections

The present work is motivated by phenomena occurring in the flow field around ship-like bodies with an incoming lateral flow (cross-flow, 90 ° drift angle). Three-dimensional unsteady flows around different ship sections are investigated by using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) tools with large-eddy simulation (LES) subgrid-scale turbulence model. The simulation results are compared to measurements at several Reynolds numbers in the 90–200,000 range. Focus in our investigation is on the characterization of the motion of vortex structures generated by the separated flow. Another target in the study is to obtain better knowledge of the hydrodynamic forces acting on the sections. Computed pressure and drag coefficients are compared with experimental measurements. The comparison between simulations and measurements shows that an LES model can predict the flow field around ship sections in detail and the hydrodynamic forces acting on the sections.     

Numerical study on the hydrodynamic forces on a ship berthing to quay by taking free-surface effect into account

In the present study, numerical simulation of the berthing maneuver of a ship in the prescribed translational motion is performed. The transient viscous flow and hydrodynamic forces on the hull are calculated by solving the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations in overset grid system, and the free surface is captured using volume-of-fluid (VOF) approach. The present numerical results have been compared with previous computational results by Toda and available experimental data respectively. Since the effects of the quaywall and free surface are taken into consideration in the present study, it is found that the agreement is significantly better than that resulting from Toda’s 3D CFD based approach. Then the effects of various standoff distances between the ship and quaywall on the lateral forces are investigated. Meanwhile, the detailed transient flow features around the berthing ship are obtained, which are helpful to understand the interactional effects between the ship and quaywall. The present results may provide helpful guidance for vessels’ safe maneuvering in berthing motion and the design of fender system in the quay.     

A free surface frequency domain green function with viscous dissipation and partial reflections from side walls

The free-surface Green function method is widely used in solving the radiation or diffraction problems caused by a ship or ocean structure oscillating on the waves. In the context of inviscid potential flow, hydrodynamic problems such as multi-body interaction and tank side wall effect cannot be properly dealt with based on the traditional free-surface frequency domain Green function method, in which the water viscosity is omitted and the energy dissipation effect is absent. In this paper, an open-sea Green function with viscous dissipation was presented within the theory of visco-potential flow. Then the tank Green function with a partial reflection from the side walls in wave tanks was formulated as a formal sum of open-sea Green functions representing the infinite images between two parallel side walls of the source in the tank. The new far-field characteristics of the tank Green function is vitally important for improving the validity of side-wall effects evaluation, which can be used in supervising the tank model tests.     

带有月池的非对称结构物水波辐射和激励力（英文）

A highly efficient "hybrid integral-equation method" for computing hydrodynamic added-mass, wave-damping, and wave-exciting force of general body geometries with a vertical axis of symmetry is presented. The hybrid method utilizes a numerical inner domain and a semi-infinite analytical outer domain separated by a vertical cylindrical matching boundary.Eigenfunction representation of velocity potential is used in the outer domain; the three-dimensional potential in the inner domain is solved using a "two-dimensional" boundary element method with ring sources and ring dipoles to exploit the body symmetry for efficiency. With proper solution matching at the common boundary, both radiation and diffraction potentials can be solved efficiently while satisfying the far-field radiation condition exactly. This method is applied to compute the hydrodynamic properties of two different body geometries: a vertical-walled moonpool with a bottom plate that restricts the opening and a spar-like structure with a diverging bottom opening inspired by designs of floating Oscillating Water Columns. The effects of the size of the bottom opening on the hydrodynamic properties of the body are investigated for both geometries. The heave motion of the floater as well as the motion of the internal free surface under incident wave excitation are computed and studied for the spar-like structure.     

一种快速有效地计算多物体耦合运动的方法

文章给出一种简单有效的计算多船和多墩柱相互作用的方法。该方法的出发点是将船体剖面用具有等效矩形代替,并将其周围的流场划分为船底与水底之间的内场和船侧面的外场。内场速度势采用简单的解析解;外场速度势沿水深做傅立叶级数展开,并在船体水面周线上分布源汇。然后在内外场交界面上进行耦合匹配求解。对于求解墩柱可以等效于求解船体底间隙为零的情况。上面简单的方法对于多船和多墩柱的耦合计算是简单和有效的。通过给出数值算例,证明了本方法的精确性和有效性,并且研究了多船和港口间的相互作用问题。     

采用Green-Naghdi方程和有限元法计算浅水船波

采用波动方程／有限元法求解Green-Naghdi(G-N)方程计算船舶在有限水深区域的兴波和波浪阻力。把行驶船舶对水面的扰动作为移动压力直接加在Green-Naghdi方程里，以描述运动船体和水面的相互作用，并经此来计算不面波动、船底水动压力和波浪阻力。G－N方程比浅水方程增加一个非线性的频散项，以补充有限水深对浅水船波的影响。采用随船运动网格的有限方法，以Series 60 CB=0.6船作为算例给出浅水船波的计算结果，并与浅水方程的结果进行了比较。计算结果表明，当船速小于临界速度时，由于频散的影响，G－N方程级出的船后尾波波高比浅水方程的结果大，同时波浪阻力也比浅水方程的结果有所提高。当船速大于临界速度时，G－N方程的计算结果与浅水方程基本相同，频率散射无明显影响。     

A time-domain higher-order boundary element method for 3D forward-speed radiation and diffraction problems

A time-domain higher-order boundary element method for seakeeping analyses in the framework of linear potential theory is newly developed. Ship waves generated by two modified Wigley models advancing at a constant forward speed in calm water or incident waves and the resultant radiation and diffraction forces are computed to validate this code. A rectangular computational domain moving with the same forward speed as the ship is introduced, in which an artificial damping beach is installed at an outer portion of the free surface except the downstream side for satisfying the radiation condition. The velocity potential on the ship hull and the normal velocity on the free surface are calculated directly by solving the boundary integral equation. An explicit time-marching scheme is employed for updating both kinematic and dynamic free-surface boundary conditions, with an embedding of a second-order upwind difference scheme for the derivative in the x-direction to stabilize the calculation. Extensive results including the exciting forces, added mass and damping coefficients, wave profiles, and wave patterns for blunt Wigley and slender Wigley hulls with forward speed are presented to validate the efficiency of the proposed 3D time-domain approach. The corresponding physical tests of the radiation and diffraction problems in a towing tank are also carried out. Computed numerical results show good agreement with the corresponding experimental data and other numerical solutions.     

船体在波浪中的非线性水动压力

本文提出了一个预报船体在波浪中大幅运动时非线性水动压力场的二维时域理论。船体扰动势用时域自由面格林函数和在入射波下的瞬时湿表面上的分布源求解；与非线性水动压力场相匹配的船体运动用差分法求得。为提高计算效率和避免数值过程发散，采用了改进的数值模型和方案。通过线性理论计算与模型试验结果的比较，指出了线性切片理论在预报水动压力场时的不足，水动压力与波高的非线性关系及正负水动压力沿船体表面的分布在Wigley船的计算比较中得到了说明。初步计算表明，该理论的实用化发展前景是令有鼓舞的。相应的计算机程序可在PC机上运行。