规则迎浪中船舶参数横摇的三维时域预报方法研究（英文）

参数横摇是船舶因复原特性改变而引起的典型非线性现象。文章采用三维时域方法预报规则迎浪中船舶的参数横摇运动。该方法引入匹配面将流域分为内域和外域,内域中采用Rankine源来满足物面条件和线性自由面条件,而外域中应用时域格林函数来满足线性自由面条件和远场辐射条件。数值方法中,Froude-Krylov力和恢复力是通过对船舶瞬时湿表面积积分获得,同时考虑了横摇、垂荡和纵摇三自由度之间的耦合作用,以及非线性横摇阻尼的影响。数值结果与试验结果吻合很好,说明该方法可以有效地预报参数横摇。     

基于三维时域混合源法的顶浪参数横摇研究

参数横摇是复原力周期性变化引起的横摇现象,在顶浪中与垂荡、纵摇的动态耦合非常显著,呈现出强非线性特点,难以准确预报。论文采用一种三维时域面元法进行参数横摇的数值预报,该方法采用混合源法,即内域采用Rankine源,外域采用瞬态的时域Green函数求解平均湿表面的辐射势和绕射势,沿船体瞬时湿表面求解入射势,通过求解垂荡-横摇-纵摇相互耦合的三自由度方程得到参数横摇的时历曲线和幅值。通过与国际标模C11集装箱船的试验结果对比验证了本文数值方法的可靠性,并进一步分析了横摇阻尼和GM值对参数横摇的影响。研究表明,论文采用的三维时域面元法可有效用于顶浪参数横摇的数值预报;横摇阻尼和GM值是参数横摇的敏感性参数,在临界值附近较小的变化会引起较大的参数横摇预报误差。     

基于渐进法的船舶横摇非线性阻尼系数识别

阻尼对于海浪中船舶的横摇运动响应预报至关重要。本文基于渐进法,利用自由横摇衰减数据,提出了一种适用于船舶大幅横摇运动的非线性阻尼系数识别方法。非线性阻尼选用线性加二阶模型,非线性回复力矩可以是任意形式的奇函数。通过数值方法模拟生成自由横摇衰减曲线,采用本文方法识别阻尼系数,验证方法的有效性。开展不同横摇角幅值下的参数研究,将不同船舶横摇方程的阻尼系数识别结果与其他方法的估算结果进行对比分析,验证了本文方法的高精度。最后,将本文方法应用于船舶自由横摇衰减实测数据,识别其非线性阻尼系数,数值模拟结果与试验数据一致性较好。研究表明该方法精度高,易操作,适用于大角度横摇和强非线性回复力矩条件下非线性阻尼系数的识别。     

基于三维非线性区域分割法的船舶运动时域计算研究

基于三维势流理论,构建船舶在波浪中航行的非线性区域分割法。用假想的控制面将计算域分为内域和外域,其中外域采用自由面格林函数法,内域考虑自由面非线性,采用满足移动兴波线性化自由面条件的Rankine面元法,并通过过渡函数使内外域速度势及其导数在控制面上连续。内外域耦合求解得到扰动速度势及流体动压力。其中自由面运动学边界条件、动力学边界条件及物面条件m项中的移动兴波速度势及波面抬升是基于非线性兴波计算得到的,较线性化自由面条件更为精确。以数学船型Wigley-3为对象,讨论了不同因素对计算收敛性的影响,验证了该方法的可靠性和准确性;以S60和S175两种具有外飘的实际船型在波浪中的运动响应为例,将计算结果与试验及其他方法进行了对比,验证了三维时域非线性区域分割法在实船运动预报中的准确性。     

基于三维时域混合源法的顶浪 不规则波参数横摇研究

国际海事组织(IMO)船舶设计建造分委会(SDC)第4次会议把参数横摇稳性直接评估提上议程,如何准确预报和评估不规则波中的参数横摇是亟待解决的问题。文章提出采用一种三维时域面元法进行不规则波中参数横摇的预报和评估,该方法首先采用混合源法,即在内域采用Rankine源,在外域采用瞬态的时域Green函数,该混合源法充分考虑了船体的定常和非定常运动,以及定常运动对非定常运动的影响;其次考虑了船体与不规则波浪的瞬时相对位置,沿船体瞬时湿表面进行压力积分求解Froude-Krylov力和静水力;然后通过时域求解垂荡—纵摇—横摇三自由度耦合方程计算参数横摇。文中以国际标模C11集装箱船为研究对象,研究了不同随机波浪谱下参数横摇的发生规律,进行了统计分析,并通过已有的试验结果验证了文中采用方法的有效性。结果表明,该文采用的三维时域面元法可有效用于顶浪不规则波中参数横摇的直接数值预报。     

横摇阻尼对参数横摇计算精度影响研究

船舶横摇预报准确程度很大程度上取决于横摇阻尼的计算。参数横摇作为一种非线性横摇运动,在数值预报时,横摇阻尼算法对数值结果有很大影响。基于船模自由衰减试验拟合横摇阻尼系数,用一计算船舶回复力及耦合运动的数值程序来预报参数横摇,与试验结果对比,证实了该阻尼计算方法和数值算法的可靠性;进而根据贝尔登公式、渡边公式等计算横摇阻尼,比较不同横摇阻尼计算方法的精度。计算表明,用基于试验获得的横摇阻尼系数计算参数横摇相对可靠;采用其他阻尼系数计算的横摇幅值与试验值均有一定偏差,有些甚至偏差很大。     

基于统一模型的船舶迎浪参数横摇数值预报及其舵减摇研究

国际海事组织（IMO）正致力于第二代完整稳性规范的制定,而参数横摇一直是船舶动态完整稳性研究的热点。文章采用考虑船舶操纵性和耐波性运动耦合的统一模型对迎浪规则波下的船舶参数横摇运动进行了时域数值模拟。在时域模型中,六自由度耐波性运动辐射绕射力采用切片理论计算,并由脉冲响应函数法转化到时域。非线性回复力和入射波力采用瞬时湿表面压力积分方法计算。操纵性运动基于MMG模型,依据统一理论将操纵性与耐波性运动进行耦合计算。文中先应用简化三自由度模型对三艘集装箱船进行了参数横摇样船计算,并进行了初步的模型实验验证,依据结果对比分析了横摇惯性矩、初稳性高和方形系数对参数横摇的影响。基于统一模型分析了操纵性运动对参数横摇的影响,并进行了参数横摇舵减摇研究。     

基于多层面改进多域法的航行船舶时域水动力分析

针对航行船舶三维时域水动力分析问题，本文采用多域高阶边界元法（MDHOBEM, Multi-Domain Higher Order Boundary Element Method）开展研究，通过假设控制面，将计算域分为内域和外域两部分，内域采用Rankine面元法，外域使用自由面格林函数法，内外域联立求解。从内域、外域、波浪激励三个层面改进多域法的精度、计算效率，以适应不同工况需求。内域重新推导非线性边界条件，考虑入射波对绕辐射问题计算的影响，提高大幅波浪中运动计算精度；外域采用垂向积分形式自由面格林函数，提高格林函数积分计算的收敛性、稳定性及计算效率；波浪激励采用高阶谱（HOS, High Order Spectral）方法生成演化的波场，考虑波浪自身的非线性，提高对非线性现象的捕捉和模拟能力。以C11船为对象，研究内域非线性改进对船舶大幅运动计算精度的提高；以S175集装箱船为对象，验证外域垂向积分对运动及波阻增加计算效率和稳定性的提高；对比S175在线性波场和非线性波场中的运动，论证考虑非线性波场对运动计算的影响；以某内倾船为对象，研究不同层次改进对参数横摇现象捕捉的影响，验证非...     

随机波中船舶参数横摇研究

针对随机波中船舶参数横摇,提出一种数值预报方法。采用新的随机波成形方法,求解出船舶无横倾时在随机波中时间序列垂荡和纵摇运动,确定出船-波相对位置。利用3个坐标系之间的转换关系确定船体各横剖面左右舷与波面瞬时交点,然后对波浪压力沿船长湿表面积分,得出船舶复原力的Froude-Krylov部分。提出复原力之辐射力和绕射力部分和横摇角的非线性假定。确定一个参数横摇数学模型,实现随机波中参数横摇计算;通过试验和数值模拟对一艘巴拿马型集装箱船进行了参数横摇预报,研究了随机波中参数横摇的实际非各态历经的特点。     

ONR内倾船波浪中复原力臂非线性现象试验和数值研究

船舶波浪稳性中参数横摇和纯稳性丧失是与波浪复原力臂变化有关的失效模式,波浪中复原力臂的变化是影响这些失效模式预报精度的关键因素.本文以ONR内倾船型为研究对象,通过试验和数值方法研究了横摇复原力臂的变化.首先采用半拘束模型(垂荡、纵摇自由,固定横倾角)试验测量波浪中船模复原力的变化;其次采用三维时域混合源法建立波浪中复原力臂的数值计算方法,在常规Froude-Krylov力假设的基础上,进一步考虑辐射力和绕射力对横摇复原力的影响,并在速度势的计算中引入精确物面条件,沿瞬时湿表面积分计算动态辐射力和绕射力的成分;最后通过试验结果和数值计算结果的比较,以及复原力臂组成成分的分析、近似物面非线性条件和精确物面条件计算结果的对比等,详细分析了ONR内倾船型波浪中复原力臂的非线性现象.研究表明:顶浪中常规Froude-Krylov力假设不够完善,随着航速、波陡、横倾角度的增加,波浪中复原力臂的非线性现象十分明显,辐射力和绕射力对复原力臂的贡献是非线性现象的主要原因;基于精确物面条件计算动态辐射力和绕射力引起的复原力臂变化可以更好地反应复原力臂的非线性现象.     

Time-domain TEBEM method for mean drift force and moment of ships with forward speed under the oblique seas

A numerical method for solving 3D unsteady potential flow problem of ship advancing in waves is put forward. The flow field is divided into an inner and an outer domain by introducing an artificial matching surface. The inner domain is surrounded by ship wetted surface and matching surface as well as part of the free surface. The free surface condition for the inner domain is formulated by perturbation about the double-body flow or uniform incoming flow assumption. The outer domain is surrounded by matching surface and the rest free surface as well as infinite far-field radiation boundary. The free surface condition for the outer domain is formulated by perturbation about uniform incoming flow. The simple Green function and transient free surface Green function are used to form the boundary integral equation (BIE) for the inner and outer domains, respectively. Taylor Expansion Boundary Element Method (TEBEM) is utilized to solve the double-body flow and inner domain and outer domain unsteady flow BIE. Matching conditions for the inner domain flow and outer domain flow are enforced by the continuity of velocity potential and normal velocity on the matching surface. Direct pressure integration on ship wetted surface is used to obtain the first-order and second-order wave forces (moments). The numerical predictions on the displacement, added resistance, sway mean drift force and yaw mean drift moment of the modified KVLCC2 ship at different forward speeds are investigated by the proposed TEBEM method. It is also compared with the other numerical results. The physical tank experiment results are also developed to validate the accuracy of numerical tank results. Compared with the experiment solutions, a good agreement can be obtained by TEBEM method.

     

参数横摇下大型集装箱船外飘砰击的近似计算方法（英文）

Since the research of flare slamming prediction is seldom when parametric rolling happens, we present an efficient approximation method for flare slamming analysis of large container ships in parametric rolling conditions. We adopt a 6-DOF weakly nonlinear time domain model to predict the ship motions of parametric rolling conditions. Unlike previous flare slamming analysis, our proposed method takes roll motion into account to calculate the impact angle and relative vertical velocity between ship sections on the bow flare and wave surface. We use the Wagner model to analyze the slamming impact forces and the slamming occurrence probability. Through numerical simulations, we investigate the maximum flare slamming pressures of a container ship for different speeds and wave conditions. To further clarify the mechanism of flare slamming phenomena in parametric rolling conditions, we also conduct real-time simulations to determine the relationship between slamming pressure and 3-DOF motions, namely roll, pitch, and heave.     

Study of damaged ship motions taking into account floodwater dynamics

This paper presents an application of shallow water theory to describe the motion of floodwater inside a rolling ship in damage condition. The time domain theoretical approach to the coupled problems of ship and water inside compartment motions is briefly described, including the method used to solve for the water motion characteristics and forces exerted on the ship. This approach is applied to the study of the behaviour of a passenger Ro–Ro ship in regular beam seas and numerical results are given for the intact and damaged conditions. Comparison is made with experimental results. For the damaged condition, the characteristics of the floodwater motion are studied in the time domain for a number of different wave frequencies. The shape of the free-surface and phase of water motion in relation to the ship roll motion are shown for several wave frequencies. The dynamic floodwater roll moment is also shown and compared with the static roll moment (flat horizontal free surface), allowing the conclusion that the dynamic roll moment is much larger than the static roll moment, for high wave frequencies, and is in phase opposition in relation to the roll motion.     

波浪对箱形船作用的三维耦合计算模型

为获得具有工程实用价值的港口三维船非线性波浪力的时域计算方法,该文建立了波浪对港口中船非线性作用的三维时域计算耦合模型:用欧拉方程计算船底面下的内域,用Boussinesq方程计算船侧面到港口边界的外域,两域在交界面处匹配条件是流量连续和压力相等.并进行了相关模型实验,实验结果和数值计算结果比较表明该耦合计算模型具有满意的精度.此外,该三维耦合模型数学处理简单,计算效率高,可适用于工程计算.     

A time-domain higher-order boundary element method for 3D forward-speed radiation and diffraction problems

A time-domain higher-order boundary element method for seakeeping analyses in the framework of linear potential theory is newly developed. Ship waves generated by two modified Wigley models advancing at a constant forward speed in calm water or incident waves and the resultant radiation and diffraction forces are computed to validate this code. A rectangular computational domain moving with the same forward speed as the ship is introduced, in which an artificial damping beach is installed at an outer portion of the free surface except the downstream side for satisfying the radiation condition. The velocity potential on the ship hull and the normal velocity on the free surface are calculated directly by solving the boundary integral equation. An explicit time-marching scheme is employed for updating both kinematic and dynamic free-surface boundary conditions, with an embedding of a second-order upwind difference scheme for the derivative in the x-direction to stabilize the calculation. Extensive results including the exciting forces, added mass and damping coefficients, wave profiles, and wave patterns for blunt Wigley and slender Wigley hulls with forward speed are presented to validate the efficiency of the proposed 3D time-domain approach. The corresponding physical tests of the radiation and diffraction problems in a towing tank are also carried out. Computed numerical results show good agreement with the corresponding experimental data and other numerical solutions.     

船舶参数激励非线性随机横摇运动分析

研究了随机纵浪中船舶的参数激励横摇运动。将船舶初稳性高作为时变的随机参数激励,应用随机平均法和FPK方程,分析了船舶的参数激励横摇运动微分方程。考虑航速、船舶瞬时湿表面积及随机波浪,建立了船舶横摇幅值概率密度、概率分布函数及其均值的计算方法。以某渔政船为例,计算了不同航速时船舶随机横摇幅值的概率密度、概率分布函数及其均值。结果表明,参数激励谱峰频率为横摇固有频率的2倍时,发生主参数共振,船舶横摇严重,船舶倾覆发生的概率增加。     

基于改进型消灭曲线法的横摇阻尼估算

自由衰减试验仍是目前最为有效且常用的估算横摇阻尼系数的方法.横摇阻尼系数的估算精度对于船舶横摇运动的预报起着至关重要的作用.通常采用所谓的消灭曲线法来分析自由横摇衰减数据.该方法的一个不足之处在于其推导是基于忽略了非线性恢复力项的自由横摇运动方程.另一方面,考虑更多非线性成分的能量法能够纳入该因素影响但在实施过程中较为复杂.文中提出了一种改进型的消灭曲线法,能够纳入船体非线性恢复力项的影响.所提出的方法形式简单且相比能量法更易于实施.数值试验证明了改进型消灭曲线法的正确性,并展现了其相对传统消灭曲线法所具有的优势.     

3-D computational method of wave loads on turret moored FPSO tankers

A three-dimensional method of calculating wave loads of turret moored FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) tankers is presented. The linearized restoring forces acting on the ship hull by the mooring system are calculated according to the catenary theory, which are expressed as the function of linear stiffness coefficients and the displacements of the upper ends of mooring chains. The hydrodynamic coefficients of the ship are calculated by the three-dimensional potential flow theory of the linear hydrodynamic problem for ships with a low forward speed. The equations of ship motions are established with the effect of the restoring forces from the mooring system included as linear stiffness coefficients. The equations of motions are solved in frequency domain, and the responses of wave-induced motions and loads on the ship can be obtained. A computer program based on this method has been developed, and some calculation examples are illustrated. Analysis results show that the method can give satisfying prediction of wave loads.     

浅水中低速斜航船舶水动力预报及验证与确认分析

浅水中的斜航船舶受到浅水阻塞效应和不对称流的综合影响。为预报该运动中的船舶水动力,文章采用基于定常雷诺平均纳维—斯托克斯方程的计算流体动力学方法,对浅水中做斜航运动的船舶粘性绕流场进行数值模拟。考虑低航速运动的特点,忽略航速影响下的自由面兴波,由数值计算得到水动力系数在漂角影响下的变化规律。针对计算精度问题,在数值模拟中从验证和确认角度分析和评估计算结果：通过网格收敛性分析分析数值误差与不确定度;结合试验数据考察计算模型的误差。此外,从计算区域尺度、湍流模型、边界条件、船体下沉和纵倾作用方面对模型误差的影响因素进行探讨,可为改进计算模型、提高数值模拟精度提供参考依据。