基于奇异元计算分析裂纹尖端应力强度因子

采用两种奇异单元模拟裂纹尖端应力应变场的奇异性,建立了相应的计算裂纹尖端应力强度因子的ANSYS有限元模型。通过数值计算,分别考察了这两种有限元模型中裂纹尖端附近区域网格参数的变化对应力强度因子计算精度的影响,比较了应力强度因子对各个参数的敏感程度。发现采用20节点奇异元的有限元模型计算的应力强度因子几乎与网格参数无关,其计算结果更稳定可靠。该模型能够用于船舶及海洋工程结构中含裂纹构件的应力强度因子计算。     

偏心裂纹缺陷板的应力强度因子和极限拉伸强度分析

疲劳裂纹对船舶结构强度具有不可忽视的削弱作用,在过去的研究中,主要从断裂力学的角度对疲劳裂纹应力场进行分析,而对于静态裂纹板的极限强度的探讨相对较少.本文在有限元计算的基础上对具有偏心裂纹缺陷的矩形板的应力强度因子和极限拉伸强度进行了分析.对于偏心裂纹应力强度因子,在计算方法上有效地简化了文献[5]中提出的大单元有限元计算模型,并且用于分析裂纹偏心度对于应力强度因子的影响.对于偏心裂纹延性板,采用弹塑性有限元进行了大量的组合计算,分析了相对裂纹长度、材料屈强比和裂纹偏心度对板的拉伸极限强度的影响,并给出了方便计算的回归公式.该回归公式包含了多个参数对板的极限拉伸强度的影响,与实验结果吻合较好.     

船舶折角型节点的疲劳裂纹扩展计算

文章以船舶折角型节点为研究对象,运用有限元软件WALCS和PATRAN分别预报某船的水动力响应和结构热点应力响应.为避免计算表面裂纹应力强度因子时需要在PATRAN有限元模型中疲劳热点区域采用体单元建模,文中提出了一种计算波浪载荷下船海结构物三维表面裂纹应力强度因子而无需在PATRAN中建立体模型的方法,并通过与广泛认可的经验公式对比验证其精度.将此方法应用于该船船舯底边舱折角处表面裂纹应力强度因子计算,计算并总结出波浪载荷下该类节点处表面裂纹应力强度因子的无量纲计算经验公式.应用一种基于谱分析构建结构疲劳载荷谱的方法,结合单一曲线模型对该节点进行裂纹扩展计算.计算结果表明:该船船舯底边舱折角疲劳寿命不满足设计要求,建议对节点进行改进.     

船舶折角型节点的疲劳裂纹扩展计算（英文）

文章以船舶折角型节点为研究对象,运用有限元软件WALCS和PATRAN分别预报某船的水动力响应和结构热点应力响应。为避免计算表面裂纹应力强度因子时需要在PATRAN有限元模型中疲劳热点区域采用体单元建模,文中提出了一种计算波浪载荷下船海结构物三维表面裂纹应力强度因子而无需在PATRAN中建立体模型的方法,并通过与广泛认可的经验公式对比验证其精度。将此方法应用于该船船舯底边舱折角处表面裂纹应力强度因子计算,计算并总结出波浪载荷下该类节点处表面裂纹应力强度因子的无量纲计算经验公式。应用一种基于谱分析构建结构疲劳载荷谱的方法,结合单一曲线模型对该节点进行裂纹扩展计算。计算结果表明:该船船舯底边舱折角疲劳寿命不满足设计要求,建议对节点进行改进。     

大型汽车滚装船固定坡道结构分析及优化

针对某大型汽车滚装船在运营过程中一坡道发生较严重裂纹的问题,利用MSC.Patran软件对坡道结构进行细化有限元分析,计算歪斜工况下的屈服强度,分析应力分布情况并对应力不满足的结构进行改进,裂纹发生的位置与细化有限元分析结果一致,表明对汽车滚装船所有坡道结构做细化有限元分析十分必要.     

肘板趾端表面裂纹在随机波浪载荷作用下的疲劳扩展预报

肘板趾端是船舶与海洋结构的疲劳热点。文章用三维有限元分析了趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子修正系数的变化规律,并与BS7910推荐的典型节点表面裂纹应力强度因子公式计算结果作了对比,结果表明趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子沿深度方向的放大系数和T型节点相差很小,而表面端点应力强度因子修正系数则当裂纹长度在肘板厚度范围内时和T型节点相差很小,超出后则相差较大。以某客滚船上肘板趾端应力范围长期分布服从Weibull分布,产生系列均值为零的应力幅,应力强度因子分别采用有限元结果和BS7910中T型接头公式进行计算,采用单一曲线模型计算该趾端表面裂纹的裂纹扩展。计算等效应力强度因子幅时,考虑焊接残余应力的影响。计算结果表明以T型接头的公式计算趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子和有限元结果相差很小。建议将T型节点表面裂纹应力强度因子计算公式用于趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子的计算,并采用单一曲线模型对随机波浪载荷下作用下船舶典型节点疲劳裂纹的扩展寿命进行了预报。     

双向应力场中表面裂纹应力强度因子的权函数法

半椭圆表面裂纹是船舶等焊接结构中常见的损伤形式,计算裂纹尖端应力强度因子是结构损伤容限设计的前提,权函数法是求解复杂应力场中应力强度因子的有效手段之一。本文基于一种集中力载荷权函数统一形式,通过三维有限元建模计算了裂纹半长比a/c=0.05~1.0、裂纹深度比a/T=0.01~0.8的表面裂纹应力强度因子,并将其作为参考解,得到一组形状适用范围更广的有限厚度平板表面裂纹最深点和表面点的二维权函数。权函数的准确性通过在裂纹面上施加最高六阶的双向变化应力载荷进行验证,权函数法结果与有限元法相比求解误差在10%以内。文中所提出的权函数为复杂焊接结构表面裂纹扩展分析奠定了基础。     

裂纹位置变化对典型船体结构应力影响规律的研究

为了研究裂纹位置与舰船结构之间的影响规律,应用有限元分析软件对舰船典型结构进行仿真计算,以应力响应为特征参数,得到相应结构在受到单向拉应力时的应力分布情况。通过对不同裂纹位置的应力响应情况进行对比分析,总结出裂纹与应力之间的规律。结果表明,应力响应作为损伤识别特征参数具有实际意义,在参数一致的情况下,边裂纹对结构的应力分布具有更强的影响,船体结构的应力分布情况随着裂纹的位置变化而改变,可为智能化舰船中的裂纹损伤识别提供技术支持。     

X80天然气管道环焊缝复合缺陷应力强度因子的工程化计算方法研究

针对X80管道环焊缝中同时存在的“错边+裂纹”复合缺陷进行工况受力分析，结合弹性有限元方法分别对“错边+内表面裂纹”和“错边+埋藏裂纹”含复合缺陷管道进行三维有限元分析，总结裂纹尺寸、轴向应力、管道壁厚、焊缝错边量及裂纹的位置对应力强度因子的影响规律。在此基础上，引入裂纹尺寸修正系数，提出应力强度因子工程计算公式。将有限元分析与理论推导值对比，其误差在3%以内；应力强度因子计算公式结果与有限元结果的误差小于5%，表明了其准确性。     

考虑残余应力的加筋板结构疲劳裂纹应力强度因子计算方法研究

文章基于温度梯度法对焊接残余应力分布进行了模拟。通过对有限元网格划分规则的讨论,确定了数值模拟过程中应力强度因子计算的最佳方案,同时,采用Green函数法以及Faulkner模型给出了残余应力作用下应力强度因子的理论值。通过有限元模拟与理论计算的结果比较,验证了常规载荷以及残余应力作用下,含中心裂纹平板以及含初始裂纹加筋板结构应力强度因子计算结果的准确性,建立了考虑残余应力影响的结构裂纹扩展模拟流程。最后,通过拉伸载荷下加筋板裂纹扩展模型试验对数值计算方法进行了验证,为加筋板结构裂纹扩展规律研究以及裂纹扩展寿命预报奠定了基础。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.