超大型矿砂船典型节点优化设计研究

以两条超大型矿砂船为例,采用节点细化有限元分析方法,对一系列高应力区域进行研究。以双层底局部短纵桁与内底/外底纵骨连接处、槽型横舱壁与纵舱壁相交处、边舱平面横舱壁水平桁趾部等位置为例,对应力集中节点的结构优化方案进行了比较计算,得到的结论对这些区域的节点设计具有一定指导意义。     

巴拿马型73 000 t散货船横舱壁结构损坏分析和处理方法

以某巴拿马型营运散货船为研究对象,分析该船货舱区域横舱壁结构损坏的根源是设计结构计算应力超过许用值,通过细化有限元分析计算,对重压载舱横舱壁区域提出中间槽条加深方案,在槽形舱壁斜板同一平面的下墩结构内设置附加肘板,以降低因结构突变而产生的应力集中问题。     

阿芙拉型油船节点优化设计

以2艘Aframax型油船为例,采用节点细化有限元分析法,对高应力区域进行结构分析,以平面横舱壁水平桁、纵横舱壁相交处大肘板趾端为例,对高应力区域的结构优化方案进行比较,得到的结论可为船体结构设计提供参考。     

含新型连接型式的潜艇内部平面舱壁结构设计及模型试验验证

[目的]在潜艇内部平面舱壁设计中,目前是采取分别对舱壁板和构架进行计算的方式,缺乏评估舱壁整体结构极限承载能力的方法,且加强结构端部附近的耐压船体还有局部高应力。为此,[方法]提出一种应用于舱壁加强构架端部的新型连接结构型式,并通过模型试验验证舱壁两侧承载能力是否相同。[结果]有限元分析和试验结果表明,新型连接结构型式能有效降低局部高应力状态,无筋面破舱工况舱壁的极限承载能力比有筋面破舱工况舱壁的大。[结论]所提新型连接结构型式可应用于潜艇内部平面舱壁设计。     

环肋圆柱壳应力分析的一种新方法

本文将环肋圆柱壳分解为肋骨腹板、肋骨翼板和圆柱壳三个部分进行联立求解,获得环肋圆柱壳应力计算的一个比较精确的方法.通过实例计算并与规范中的计算方法[2]比较,可以观察到肋骨偏心对圆柱壳板和肋骨应力的影响,尤其是内、外肋骨布置方式引起的应力差异.对于大尺寸的内肋骨应力计算,规范方法可能会出现较大的不安全误差,应采用本文提出的新方法.     

凹角处设舱壁的轴对称凹凸角舱段优化设计

对凹角处设舱壁的轴对称凹凸角舱段结构分别用迁移矩阵法及有限元方法进行了应力分析,对比了2种计算方法所求结果的差别.用迁移矩阵法对舱段结构的主要参数进行了强度优化,并分析了各参数对舱段最大表面应力的影响.用迁移矩阵法对凹角设舱壁与凸角设舱壁的凹凸角舱段分别优化,对优化后两舱段的应力控制、所需材料的最大厚度及重量进行对比分析,开创了一条用迁移矩阵法对潜艇结构进行优化计算的新路.     

爆炸载荷作用下舰船防护舱壁的薄膜效应研究

大型水面舰船的防护舱壁需要设计成工作在薄膜应力状态下.本文利用能量法推导了在爆炸载荷作用下防护舱壁塑性薄膜大变形的计算公式,给出了一个工程简化计算方法.并对防护舱壁的设计要求进行了讨论,与国外发表的有关试验结果进行了计算比较,结果表明两种方法都具有一定的应用价值.     

潜艇内部平面舱壁设计研究

对国内潜艇内部平面舱壁的设计现状进行了分析研究,补充与完善了水平大梁与垂直梁肘板处的弯矩与剪力的公式.采用优化设计方法完成了对舱壁板、水平大梁、水平大梁肘板、垂直梁、垂直梁肘板的全部设计计算,使内部舱壁的设计更合理、更科学.对舱壁板厚度的设置提出了控制条件,分析了舱壁板厚度、水平大梁腹板厚度、垂直梁腹板厚度、垂直梁间距对舱壁总重的影响.     

平台支撑的潜艇内部平面舱壁极限强度的模型试验研究

为了研究平台支撑的潜艇内部平面舱壁极限强度,根据实艇舱壁结构,按1∶2的缩尺比设计制作了一个舱壁模型,采用内压试验方法进行了模型极限承载能力的试验.利用国际通用的大型非线性有限元分析软件MSC/MARC,对舱壁模型进行了几何/材料的双重非线性的有限元分析,试验值与有限元分析计算值吻合良好.通过对模型试验结果的分析,得出了一些对指导潜艇平面舱壁结构设计有实用价值的结论.     

球-环-柱型式球面舱壁静强度及承载能力分析

以球-环-柱组合壳型式的球面舱壁结构为研究对象,分析不同几何形状下球面舱壁结构静强度及承载能力的特性.为表征球面舱壁扁平几何形状,初步提出"扁平度"的概念,借助结构有限元软件,对系列不同扁平度球面舱壁模型进行计算,分析其对结构静强度及极限承载能力的影响作用.研究表明:当球面舱壁扁平度较小(约小于0.2)时,过渡环段的内表面应力强度问题突出,容易产生塑性变形并扩展至整个过渡环段,并在过渡环区域发生破坏;当扁平度较大(约大于0.7)时,球壳区域出现弯曲应力,初挠度影响较为敏感,易在初挠度区域产生塑性变形导致结构失效;建议扁平度取值范围为0.35~0.55,对应球面舱壁极限承载能力相对较高.本文的研究结论可为球-环-柱结构设计提供参考.     

端部球面舱壁应力近似解

端部球面舱壁是一种组合回转壳结构,文章采用与回转壳相对应的弹性基础梁理论进行近似求解,考虑了厚薄板中曲面不一致引起的附加力矩和邻近肋骨的影响。该方法可应用于潜艇实际结构的设计计算。     

Strength evaluation of intersection between stiffeners and primary supporting members in double hull structure

In this previous study, a consistent theoretical formula was established in single hull structure, taking account of all the structural components affecting the load share of each member, in combination with the combined load effect of direct force from the longitudinal stiffener and shear force on the primary supporting member. What's more, it has been known qualitatively that the bending moment at the root of the web stiffener in double hull structure is less than that in single hull structure. However, the difference between double hull and single hull structures has not been achieved. In this study, the authors develop a theoretical formulation to represent the stresses at the root of the web stiffener due to the load from both the longitudinal stiffener and the shear force on the primary supporting member in the double hull structure. Then, the results calculated by the derived formulae are compared with the results obtained by finite element analysis, and good accuracy of the proposed formula was verified. Finally, the calculated stresses were compared between double hull and single hull structures. On one hand, the share of loading born by the web stiffener is almost comparable between the double hull and single hull structures. On the other hand, the bending moment at the root of the web stiffener is smaller in the double hull structure than in single hull structure, and therefore, the maximum stress is smaller.     

A comparative study on the structural integrity of single and double side skin bulk carriers under collision damage

The primary aim of the present study is to investigate the collision resistance and residual strength of single side skin (SSS) and double side skin (DSS) bulk carriers subject to collision damage. The impact dynamics analyses were conducted using ANSYS LS-DYNA for the evaluation resistance forces, energy absorption and penetration depth for various collision scenarios. The struck vessels of Capsize SSS and DSS designs were assumed to be entirely standstill and the striking vessels of an Aframax-type oil tanker with different bulbous bow shapes were modeled as rigid bodies. The findings were compared, where possible, with existing analytical tools. Residual strength calculations on SSS and DSS vessels were computed corresponding to all considered collision damage scenarios. Traditional Smith's method was applied with the average stress — average strain relationships of elements based on derived semi - analytically. The effect of corrosion was also evaluated by Joint Bulker Project (JBP) Rules on the influence of plate and stiffener thickness. The safety of the vessels was determined as a ratio of the ultimate hull girder strength to bending moment in damaged condition. Finally, results and insights derived from the present work are summarized.     

潜器耐压液舱结构有限元分析

应用有限元方法对纵骨式耐压液舱结构进行系列计算,通过多参数多工况方案对比分析,详细讨论了耐压壳板半径、液舱壳板半径、耐压船体壳板板厚、液舱壳板板厚、相邻实肋板间距、相邻纵骨间距等参数对液舱壳板和耐压船体壳板结构强度和稳定性的影响,研究结果可供潜器耐压液舱结构设计参考,并为进一步完善耐压液舱结构的理论计算方法提供依据。     

耐压液舱结构强度与稳定性

应用有限元方法对纵骨式耐压液舱结构进行系列计算,通过多参数多工况方案对比分析,详细讨论了耐压壳板半径、液舱壳板半径、耐压船体壳板板厚、液舱壳板板厚、相邻实肋板间距、相邻纵骨间距等参数对液舱壳板和耐压船体壳板结构强度和稳定性的影响,研究结果可供潜器耐压液舱结构设计参考,并为进一步完善耐压液舱结构的理论计算方法提供依据.     

深水耐压壳仿生设计与分析

文章研究了千米水深蛋壳仿生耐压壳的设计理论与分析方法,首先采用Upadhyaya方程、N-R方程,分别建立了鸡蛋壳、鹅蛋壳形状函数;其次,设计了6 km水深鸡蛋壳、鹅蛋壳仿生耐压壳,并基于解析法和数值法,对这两种结构进行强度和稳定性研究;最后,建立了球形、抛物线形、柱形、椭球形等4种典型耐压壳的数值模型,与仿生耐压壳作对比分析。结果表明:解析法和数值法所得的经向应力、纬向应力、临界屈曲应力吻合良好,鹅蛋壳仿生耐压壳的强度和稳定性优于鸡蛋壳仿生耐压壳,具有较好的耐压特性;球形耐压壳储备浮力能力最优,鹅蛋形、鸡蛋形、柱形、椭球形、抛物线形耐压壳的储备浮力能力分别是球的87%、82%、68%、67%、66%;从储备浮力、壳内空间利用率、流线型、乘员舒适性等方面综合比较可知,鹅蛋壳仿生耐压壳可为深水耐压壳设计提供有效参考。     

38000吨级自航半潜船结构设计

从工程设计角度,阐述了38000吨级自航半潜船的结构设计特点,并对结构设计中需要注意的几个问题,如船体总纵强度、骨材形式、强框架、间距、横向强度等进行了分析,可为以后半潜船的结构设计提供借鉴。     

水下爆炸冲击载荷作用下加筋复合材料浸潜壳体结构的动力响应

对加筋复合材料浸潜壳体结构在水下爆炸冲击载荷作用下的动力响应采用LS—DYNA进行了分析,给出沿纵向分布的不同单元的应力时间历程曲线,并给出了位移、应力以及冲击压力波传播云图。     

加筋薄板简化方式对船体总振动影响的研究

以单向加筋板为主要研究对象，结合正交异性板理论和等效板厚理论提出了适用于振动分析的等效厚度正交异性板简化方法，并与常用的简化方法进行了比较。推导了3种简化方法下的加筋板固有频率的解析公式，并计算了四边简支单向加筋板固有频率。结果表明：本文提出的简化方法在求取单向加筋板低阶固有频率时计算结果与有限元结果前五阶误差在15%以内。文中应用该简化方法计算了一船体梁的固有频率，通过对船体梁甲板的加强筋结构进行简化，将模型总单元数降至原模型的27.6%，采用本文方法计算得到的船体梁垂向前三阶和扭转一阶振动频率优于传统的正交异性板简化方法，较原模型偏差在2.2%以内。说明等效厚度正交异性板简化方法在特定工程领域是可用的，且此法相较之前的方法有一定程度的改进，对相关研究和工程计算具有一定参考价值。     

A study of fatigue crack propagation at a web stiffener on a longitudinal stiffener

Predicting fatigue crack growth after its detection during in-service inspection is necessary to prevent a loss of serviceability, such as the oil and/or water tightness of critical compartments. This paper focuses on the most typical fatigue cracks that start at the weld joint between a flat bar stiffener on a transverse web frame and the flange of a longitudinal stiffener on a bottom plate or inner bottom plate. An experiment is carried out to observe the fatigue crack propagation for two kinds of flat bars at the abovementioned connection. The experimental results, especially the surface crack growth on the flange (which dominates during the total fatigue life of the longitudinal stiffener), are compared with crack growth curves predicted using a few existing formulas. Based on the comparative study, a formula that shows the best agreement with the experiment results is selected. Weld toe magnification factors for the web stiffener are computed from the crack propagation rates measured in the experiment, and two equations for the magnification factors versus crack depth are developed for two types of web stiffeners. The selected existing formula and the proposed equations are applied to two connections at the inner bottom and side longitudinal bulkhead of an LNG carrier. The equivalent stress approach based on a long-term distribution is employed to avoid the complexity involved in dealing with the actual stress history. Using this prediction, the remaining service life until an oil or water leakage occurs at a tank boundary can be estimated when a fatigue crack at the connection is detected.