仿生防冲刷系统在埕岛油田中的应用

埕岛油田地处黄河口滩海交界地带,大面积区域冲刷造成海底管线出现悬空安全隐患.海底仿生防冲刷保护系统基于海洋仿生学原理,通过仿生海草的粘滞阻尼作用,降低海流流速,促进泥沙淤积,其应用于埕岛油田海底管线悬空治理具有显著的促淤埋管效果.介绍了该系统的特点、防冲刷作用机理以及应用效果,为河流及海底管线的防护提供参考.     

海底管道减阻增输及在线检测技术

介绍了海底管道的减阻增输及在线检测技术,针对埕岛油田海底管道的特点,研究提出了在线检测与电驱动爬行定位检测相结合的管道内检测及缺陷定位技术.     

W埕岛海域海底冲刷与海底管道悬空

埕岛海域所处的位置和环境决定该海域有冲刷现象.工程实测表明管道冲刷悬空是存在的.海底管道悬空有许多隐患.提出了部分治理措施.     

海底管道损伤处的修复方法

本文简要分析了海底管道的各种损伤原因,简述了损坏形式及相应的修复方法.海底管道修复可以分为水面焊接修复和水下修复,其中水下修复又有水下干式高压焊接修复,机械联接器修复、水下机械式三通修复、水下环氧树脂套筒修复、法兰修复和外卡修复等修复方法.对这几种修复方法的修复过程以及各自优缺点进行了详述.     

埕岛海域气象条件影响海床土变化分析

根据埕岛油田开发以来的自然环境数据统计资料和海底浅地层结构特征,结合现场试验及发生的实例,对该海域气象条件引起的海床土变化进行分析,对海床土冲蚀变化引起的浅地层灾害进行论述,阐明浅海油田开发过程中,气象对浅层土影响作用的动态趋势.     

海底管道损伤处的修复方法

本文简要分析了海底管道的各种损伤原因,简述了损坏形式及相应的修复方法。海底管道修复可以分为水面焊接修复和水下修复,其中水下修复又有水下干式高压焊接修复、机械联接器修复、水下机械式三通修复、水下环氧树脂套筒修复、法兰修复和外卡修复等修复方法。本文对这几种修复方法的修复过程以及各自优缺点进行了详述。     

埕岛油田海底管线悬跨段动力响应分析

以胜利埕岛油田CB11D-CB11E海底输油管道CB11D端悬空段极端海况为例,研究了该海底输油管道的在波浪、流、地震等外荷载作用下的动力响应,结果表明,在波浪、流及地震共同作用下悬空管道两端及弯管处应力很大,管跨中间位置位移最大,说明该两处最容易发生破坏和断裂.因此应密切检测悬空管道两端和管跨中间的刚度,及时采取防护措施.     

原位内涂敷技术在埕岛油田海底管道上的应用

考虑到应用原位内涂敷技术可以对铺设好的管道进行内壁防腐涂层涂敷,达到减少腐蚀、保护管线、延长管线寿命的目的,对埕岛油田已建成的海底管道采用原位内涂敷技术施工工艺,指出施工中应该注意的几个问题.     

滩海海底管道挖沟沉管技术

在滩海水域 ,尤其是环渤海近岸海域 ,水浅且海况复杂 ,铺设海底管道施工技术难度高、风险大。经过多年的不断探索、实践 ,自行研制出驳载拖橇式滩海挖沟装置。经过近 10年在胜利海域埕岛油田的使用 ,见到了一定的效果。主要论述了该装置及施工技术。     

海底管道悬空成因及防治

海底管道是海上油田生产系统中的一个重要组成部分,维护海底管道的安全是保证安全生产和保护海洋环境的重要环节。由于埕岛滩海油田地处黄河入海口滩海交界地带,地貌条件十分复杂,在强烈的水动力因素与不稳定的海底条件作用下,平台及海底管道附近海床遭到强烈冲蚀,使平台附近与立管连接的海底管道出现悬空现象。裸露悬空的海底管道在海流及海浪的冲刷下,产生涡激共振,一旦这种振动引起的动应力超过疲劳极限,管道就会在悬空最严重的部分(立管底部)产生应力集中以至产生疲劳裂纹。当海底管道局部位置超过一定的屈服极限,就极有可能断裂,引发原…     

海底管道巡检船研发设计

简要介绍自主研发设计的"海底管道巡检船"船型的主要技术性能和技术特点。该船定位为国内首艘海底管道巡检船,搭载专业声学探测装置,抗风浪性能良好,能够持久巡线并应急响应,其各项功能均针对渤海海域海底管道运维需求进行设计,能够保障海底管道安全运营,排除隐患以避免或最大限度降低管道泄漏造成的损失。     

Development of ship sinking frequency model over Subsea Pipeline for Madura Strait using AIS data

It is important to study the risk posed by heavy shipping traffic to a subsea pipeline located near an industrial port area. In this context, it is essential to estimate the accident frequency in an attempt to eliminate subjectivity in the analysis process. This study proposes a model for estimating the ship sinking frequency over the subsea pipeline in the Madura Strait area. The Madura Strait is one of the busiest shipping lanes in Indonesia. Many ships pass through the fairway in the strait, and many industrial ports have been built in this area. The proposed model is developed based on Fujii’s Model, and it uses Automatic Identification System (AIS) data as a ship traffic survey. Ship sinking accidents are considered based on ship–ship collisions over the critical subsea pipeline area. The ship–ship collision locations around the subsea pipeline and the ship traffic distribution models are estimated using AIS data. The causation probability Pc is determined based on a synthetics approach using a Bayesian network modified from Det Norske Veritas’ and Hänninen’s models. The causation probability is estimated by considering factors such as human performance, weather, technical problems, and support. The proposed model is validated by comparing its result with actual accident records for the Madura Strait area. The ratio value of 0.33 is considered to be reasonably agreement (ratio value ≥0.2).     

水下灌浆定形式海底管道立管固定装置研究

针对海底管道立管管卡发生损坏或者脱落,影响海底管道安全运行的情况,研制新型水下灌浆定型式海底管道立管固定装置。讨论水下管卡的结构形式,材料的选择及管卡灌浆的工艺流程。实验证明,该新型管卡能够代替原有管卡很好地对立管起到保护作用,能确保海底管道的安全运行。     

国外海底管道局部屈曲研究综述

海底管道是海洋油气集输系统中最重要的组成部分之一,从铺设到服役都将承受多种载荷的作用,并可能发生局部屈曲且沿管道传播开来,由此造成严重的后果。海底管道的局部屈曲在管道安全性方面具有重要意义,已成为海底管道设计与评估中重要的内容。详细阐述了国外关于海底管道受外压、弯矩和轴力作用下的局部屈曲研究成果,论述了在单个载荷和多个载荷联合作用下的局部屈曲破坏机理,并提出了未来研究的建议。     

Reliability-based design of subsea light weight pipeline against lateral stability

The application of non-metallic light weight pipeline (LWP) in subsea oil/gas transmission system is subject to subsea pipeline on-bottom stability problem because of their light weight. Additional weight required for the stabilization of subsea LWP is a critical item to consider when decreasing the cost of the pipeline system. This paper presents an effective approach to determine the additional weight by utilizing a reliability-based assessment of subsea LWP against on-bottom stability. In the approach, a dynamic non-linear finite element model (FEM), including a model of fluids-pipe-soil interaction for the subsea pipeline, is used to study the pipeline displacement response. In-place analysis of a flexible pipe is presented as an example of the authors' methodology. Results show that displacements are largely affected with and without considering the lift force. Additionally, the uncertainties of all parameters used in the model are considered. With 145 cases of FEM calculations being the samples, a response surface model (RSM) is developed to predict the pipeline lateral displacement using the software Design-Expert. Combing with the RSM equation, the Monte Carlo simulation method is employed to estimate the probability of exceeding pipeline stability. To calculate the reliability of LWP for different submerged weights, the method introduces a calibrated factor into the serviceability limit state (SLS) function. The proposed approach can be used to determine the additional weight required for the on-bottom stability of subsea pipelines while considering the uncertainties of all relevant parameters.     

水下管道连接器设计研究及应用

随着全球海洋石油天然气开发从浅水走向深水,由于潜水员下潜深度有限,海底油气管道的连接必须通过水下机器人代替潜水员完成此项工作。因此各种管道连接技术也越来越多地应用于海洋石油开发中。水下管道连接器作为一种重要的自动安装连接装置,涉及到机械、液压、材料、防腐、密封等各个方面,具有免潜水员操作、安装便捷、可靠性高等特点,可广泛应用于水下油气管道连接。本文对已成功应用于南海某气田中水下采气树跨接管连接的水平机械式管道连接器和水下管汇发球器连接的垂直液压式管道连接器,从密封结构、导向结构、锁紧结构的设计进行了深入的阐述,并在连接器样机型式试验、产品防腐、水下安装等方面也进行了详细的说明。     

含缺陷海底管道横向屈曲理论研究

考虑了初始几何缺陷对管道屈曲临界载荷的影响,基于经典热屈曲理论,推导了平坦海床上裸铺管道横向屈曲临界载荷的理论公式,给出了无限远处管道轴向力的计算公式及临界温度的计算公式。建立了平坦海床上裸铺管道的非线性有限元模型,并将有限元结果与解析结果进行了对比,验证了解析公式的合理性。     

Stress analysis of the subsea dynamic riser baseprocess piping

Thesubsea dynamic riser base （SDRB） is an important piece of equipment for the floating production platform mooring system.One end is connected to the rigid pipeline, carrying a rigid pipeline thermal expansion load and the other end is connected to a flexible riser, carrying the dynamic load of the flexible riser, so its function is a transition connection between the flexible riser and the rigid pipeline which fixes the flexible riser on the seabed. On the other hand. as a typical subsea product, the design will satisfythe requirements of the standards for subsea products. By studying the stress analysisphilosophy of the topside piping and subsea pipeline, a physical model and procedure for piping stress analysis of the SDRB have been established.The conditions of the adverse design load have been considered, and a combination of the static load from the rigid pipeline and the dynamic load flexibility has also been optimized. And a comparative analysis between the AMSE, DNV and API standards for piping stress with the checking rules has been done.Because theSDRB belongs to the subsea pipeline terminal product, the use of DNV standards to check its process piping stress is recommended. Finally, the process piping stress of the SDRB has been calculated, and the results show that the jacket pipe and the carrier pipe stress of the SDRB process piping satisfy the DNV standards as a whole.The bulkhead cannot be accurately simulated by the AutoPIPE software which uses the FEA software ANSYS inthe detailed analysis, but the checking results will still meet the requirements of the DNV standards.     

用于预报离岸管线膨胀的简化技术（英文）

In this study, we propose a method for estimating the amount of expansion that occurs in subsea pipelines, which could be applied in the design of robust structures that transport oil and gas from offshore wells. We begin with a literature review and general discussion of existing estimation methods and terminologies with respect to subsea pipelines. Due to the effects of high pressure and high temperature, the production of fluid from offshore wells is typically caused by physical deformation of subsea structures, e.g., expansion and contraction during the transportation process. In severe cases, vertical and lateral buckling occurs,which causes a significant negative impact on structural safety, and which is related to on-bottom stability, free-span, structural collapse, and many other factors. In addition, these factors may affect the production rate with respect to flow assurance, wax, and hydration, to name a few. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient method for generating a reliable pipe expansion design in the early stage, which can lead to savings in both cost and computation time. As such, in this paper, we propose an applicable diagram, which we call the standard dimensionless ratio(SDR) versus virtual anchor length(LA) diagram, that utilizes an efficient procedure for estimating subsea pipeline expansion based on applied reliable scenarios. With this user guideline,offshore pipeline structural designers can reliably determine the amount of subsea pipeline expansion and the obtained results will also be useful for the installation, design, and maintenance of the subsea pipeline.     

海底埋设管线平管起吊运动分析

基于有限元软件OrcaFlex,充分考虑不规则波浪、海流、管土相互作用以及船舶管线耦合运动,建立海底埋设管线平管起吊模型。参考DNV-RP-F110计算埋深管道受到的土壤阻力,依据DNV-RP-C205确定相关水动力系数。通过数值模拟研究分析管线在平管起吊过程中管道的运动响应以及吊绳张力的时间历程变化,为实际海底管线平管起吊提供一定理论参考。