上海长江西路隧道盾构始发过程施工控制技术

盾构隧道始发过程存在很大的施工风险。上海长江西路隧道浦东段盾构始发工程针对风险采用＂分阶段、全过程＂的施工控制技术,确保了隧道盾构始发的安全。详细介绍和分析了对盾构始发地基加固施工以及盾构始发风险等采取的监控技术。其经验可供类似工程参考和借鉴。     

驾车三人行 安全驾驶经验谈（八） 公交车的安全和节油驾驶技巧（上）

驾驶公交车身系万千乘客的安全,安全行车是重中之重;公交车数量庞大,出勤率高,称得上是用油大户。作为一名公交车驾驶员,肩负安全和节能的重任。在＂2011年全国城市公交客车节油技能大赛＂如火如荼进行之际,记者采访了多名一线的优秀公交车驾驶员,听他们畅谈安全、低碳驾驶技巧。本刊将分上、中、下三期刊登,以飨读者。     

城市轨道交通车辆车体材料的选型分析

城市轨道交通车辆的车体材料选材,是关系到轨道运营的＂安全、可靠、快速、轻量、经济、适用＂的重大因素之一。文章结合当前国内城市轨道交通车辆车体的使用及选购情况,借鉴国外经验,针对不锈钢、铝合金车体的材料和结构特点进行分析、比较,并对两种车体材料的发展动向进行了探讨,为城市轨道交通车辆车体材料的选型提供依据。     

膨胀土路堑边坡柔性支护处治技术研究

＂柔性支护＂处治技术是一种较刚性支护更为合理的膨胀土路堑边坡的处治方式。文章从＂柔性支护＂处治机理出发,提出了土工格栅柔性支护的处治方案,并采用有限元强度折减法对该处治方案进行了模拟计算分析。     

地铁车站建筑设计中贯彻以人为本理念的探讨

结合地铁车站建筑设计实践,坚持以人为本的设计理念,对地铁车站公共区平面布置、影响乘客行进的站内垂直交通、站内环境设计,以及地铁与其它交通方式的接驳等方面进行了分析和探讨,力求使地铁车站建筑设计在满足交通功能的前提下,实现＂让乘客出行更安全、更便捷、更舒适＂的目标。     

含蜡原油管道低输量安全运行方案优化研究

以国内东部某油田的含蜡原油输油管道为研究对象,首先应用PIPEPHASE软件中的黑油网络模型计算出＂热力条件允许最小输量＂和＂管道特性允许最小输量＂,以确定管道最小输量。然后针对该管道即将进入低输量运行阶段的实际情况,分析了各种常用保障技术的可行性,并结合经济投入与生产管理2个方面的要求,通过对比优选出含水输送工艺,采用起点联合站掺水输送、终点联合站进行油水分离和污水处理,并扩建污水深度处理站的方案,以确保该管道的安全经济运行。     

天山公路工程地质病害研究

文章详细介绍了西部科技项目＂天山公路工程地质病害研究＂的技术创新点,指出了项目研究获得的创新性成果,并对项目的推广应用前景及经济、社会、环境效益进行了分析,为今后类似工程病害的防治提供技术参考。     

扬中夹江二桥综合施工技术

文章介绍了＂扬中夹江二桥综合施工技术＂项目研究的目的和意义,阐述了项目的关键技术、研究路线及创新点,并对项目的推广应用前景及综合效益进行了探讨,为类似桥梁工程施工提供技术支持。     

高速公路沥青路面桥头跳车处治

本文通过对福泉高速运营通车过程中沥青路面桥头跳车处治的工程实践.从桥头跳车成因分析、具体施工方法、技术控制要点等方面进行介绍.以便最大限度地减少和改善"桥头跳车"现象,达到积累工程经验,保障车辆平稳安全、舒适通行的目的.     

车用电子设备让汽车更具安全性

在道路上所有主要交通工具,包括:机车、汽车、公车,及大众轨道等交通工具,若将交通工具的发展趋势进行排序,应该是安全、环保及性能,而安全问题应该被放在第一;因此,汽车行驶的安全性能将会是所有人感兴趣的话题,而科技技术将改善未来汽车能具备更安全且有保障的乘坐空间.     

天水市现代有轨电车系统建设可行性分析

现代有轨电车是体现国家公交优先政策的一种新型大运量公共交通方式。文章结合天水市发展实际,从道路状况、沿线用地及客流、交通组织等方面对天水市羲皇大道布设有轨电车线路的可行性进行分析,并且介绍了相关规划方案。     

Study on road section environmental traffic capacity model and algorithm under double constraints

The coordinated development of city traffic and environment is a key research content in traffic field in twenty-first Century. Among them, road section environmental traffic capacity analysis is one of the important research issues. It can provide solid theoretical basis and reliable data support for road network traffic optimization control, road traffic pollution control and city traffic structure optimization. This paper analyzed main factors which impacted environmental traffic capacity from two aspects, including road capacity constraint conditions and road traffic pollution control constraint conditions. Then, road section environmental traffic capacity optimization model was established, and method of improved augmented Lagrange function was used to solve the model. Case study showed that, (1) The environmental traffic capacity optimal model and methodology were effective; (2) In order to ensure road section environmental traffic capacity greater than (or equal to) road capacity, some measures could be taken including adjusting motor vehicle type proportion as well as improving emission characteristics of motor vehicles exhausting pollutants.     

城市交通系统通行性影响因素及计算理论

文章分析了震后城市交通系统通行性的影响因素,提出了包含路段单元通行概率、路段连通概率及路网连通概率的城市交通系统通行性计算理论,为城市路网的连通可靠性评价提供参考。     

A comparative study of the emissions by road maintenance works and the disrupted traffic using life cycle assessment and micro-simulation

Life cycle assessment is being accepted by the road industry to measure such key environmental impacts as the energy consumption and carbon footprint of its materials and laying processes. Previous life cycle studies have indicated that the traffic vehicles account for the majority of fuel consumption and emissions from a road. Contractors and road agencies are looking for road maintenance works that have the least overall environmental impact considering both the roadwork itself and the disrupted traffic. We review life cycle assessment studies and describe the development of a model for pavement construction and maintenance, detailing the methodology and data sources. The model is applied to an asphalt pavement rehabilitation project in the UK, and the micro-simulation program VISSIM is used to model the traffic on that road section. The simulation results are fed into a traffic emissions model and emissions from the roadwork and the traffic are compared. The additional fuel consumption and emissions by the traffic during the roadwork are significant. This indicates that traffic management at road maintenance projects should be included in the life cycle assessment analysis of such work.     

A macro model for traffic flow on road networks with varying road conditions

In this paper, we develop a macro traffic flow model with consideration of varying road conditions. Our analytical and numerical results illustrate that good road condition can enhance the speed and flow of uniform traffic flow whereas bad road condition will reduce the speed and flow. The numerical results also show that good road condition can smooth shock wave and improve the stability of traffic flow whereas bad road condition will lead to steeper shock wave and reduce the stability of traffic flow. Our results are also qualitatively accordant with empirical results, which implies that the proposed model can qualitatively describe the effects of road conditions on traffic flow. These results can guide traffic engineers to improve the road quality in traffic engineering. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Traffic modelling in system boundary expansion of road pavement life cycle assessment

This paper uses a case study of a UK inter-urban road, to explore the impact of extending the system boundary of road pavement life cycle assessment (LCA) to include increased traffic emissions due to delays during maintenance. Some previous studies have attempted this but have been limited to hypothetical scenarios or simplified traffic modelling, with no validation or sensitivity analysis. In this study, micro-simulation modelling of traffic was used to estimate emissions caused by delays at road works, for several traffic management options. The emissions were compared to those created by the maintenance operation, estimated using an LCA model. In this case study, the extra traffic emissions caused by delays at road works are relatively small, compared to those from the maintenance process, except for hydrocarbon emissions. However, they are generally close to, or above, the materiality threshold recommended in PAS2050 for estimating carbon footprints, and reach 5–10% when traffic flow levels are increased (hypothetically) or when traffic management is imposed outside times of lowest traffic flow. It is recommended, therefore, that emissions due to traffic disruption at road works should be included within the system boundary of road pavement LCA and carbon footprint studies and should be considered in developing guidelines for environmental product declarations of road pavement maintenance products and services.     

道路交通事故发生机理与实例分析

交通事故发生机理是认识道路交通事故发生过程、交通事故预防和改善交通安全的基础。文章以道路交通系统为研究对象,分析道路交通事故的形成过程,将交通事故发生机理分为驾驶行为差错类事故发生机理、外部因素突变类事故发生机理、综合性事故发生机理三类,并在此基础上绘制了道路交通事故发生机理图,同时结合国道109线兰州八盘村路段进行了实例分析。     

西部地区公路地质灾害监测预报技术研究

“西部地区公路地质灾害监测预报技术研究”项目针对西部地区公路地质灾害危险性区划、滑坡、崩塌与泥石流监测预报及地质灾害安全管理等关键技术问题进行深入系统研究，形成了公路滑坡、崩塌与泥石流监测预报成套技术，建立了公路地质灾害数据标准，构建了“基于GIS的公路地质灾害监测预报信息系统”平台，实现了公路地质灾害监测实时分析处理和动态预报，为地质灾害综合管理提供技术支撑。     

山区城市交通拥挤成因分析及对策研究

文章以重庆市道路交通为例,从特殊地理环境因素、城市道路管理及城市规划等方面分析了山区城市道路交通拥挤的原因,并基于道路因素,从城市道路规划和整合建筑与交通空间方面提出了缓解交通拥堵的措施和建议。     

道路环境对交通安全的影响及对策

交通安全,涉及到人、车以及道路和环境等很多因素。近年来,因为各种原因使得有关单位以及人员将更多的将精力放在人、车、道路这几个因素上,对道路交通环境没有过多的考虑和研究。深入研究道路交通环境,有利于道路交通的安全,文章通过对其的研究和分析,得出有关道路交通环境对交通安全的影响和解决措施,对于防止道路交通安全事故具有重要意义。同时为人们的生命财产的安全提供保障、对构建社会主义和谐社会具有很大帮助。