基于最大熵原理的喷雾液滴尺寸和速度联合分布函数

应用最大熵原理和动量守恒定律,从理论上建立了喷雾液滴尺寸和速度联合分布函数。应用该方程编制数值计算程序,对纯柴油与质量掺混比为30%(L30)的柴油/液化石油气(LPG)混合燃料的喷雾液滴尺寸和速度联合分布进行了数值计算,比较了两种燃料的雾化特性。比较结果表明:由于L30闪急沸腾效应的影响,其液滴尺寸分布曲线的峰值明显高于柴油的分布曲线峰值,且峰值和曲线整体趋势都向小颗粒方向偏移,说明喷射L30产生的液滴颗粒比柴油颗粒小;L30的速度分布曲线峰值较高,且位于小速度范围,说明小速度液滴所占的比例更大。液滴尺寸与速度(D-u)等高线图表明:液滴颗粒越小,其速度分布范围越广;液滴速度越小,其尺寸分布范围越大。L30液滴尺寸与速度联合分布的收敛速度较快,说明L30喷雾所产生的小颗粒和小速度液滴更加密集,雾化质量更佳。     

柴油与LPG/柴油双燃料喷雾特性的对比

采用高分辨率数码照相机对柴油与LPG／柴油混合喷雾特性进行了对比研究。结果表明，随着LPG掺混比的增大，喷雾油滴的平均直径减小，油滴尺寸数目分布曲线向小颗粒方向偏移，小颗粒油滴数目增多，雾化质量提高，使发动机碳烟排放大幅度降低；大颗粒油滴尺寸变化不大，小颗粒油滴尺寸变小，相对尺寸范围和发散边界扩大。随着喷雾贯穿距离的增大，柴油油滴的粒度增大；混合燃料的油滴尺寸的数目分布向小颗粒偏移，累积容积油滴直径则增大；相对尺寸范围和发散边界呈减小趋势，油滴容积分布在较大油滴的范围内渐趋均匀；喷射距离较长，油束射程总是等于油束到达燃烧室壁面的最大距离。     

柴油溶气喷射雾化粒径特性分析与计算

运用激光粒度分析仪(LDSA)和瞬间高速摄影等装置,就喷射压力对溶解有二氧化碳气体的柴油喷射雾化特性的影响进行研究. 研究结果表明将CO2气体溶解于柴油只能在特定的喷射压力范围内改善喷射雾化. 同时,依据柴油喷射雾化粒径的实验数据,采用曲线拟合的方法建立了计算不同溶气量的柴油在不同喷射压力下喷雾液滴的索特直径(SMD)的经验公式.     

喷雾特性对生物柴油燃烧和排放特性的影响

在手压泵试验台上进行了生物柴油与柴油的喷雾对比试验,在一台单缸直喷柴油机上进行了生物柴油与柴油燃烧和排放性能对比试验.分析了燃料喷雾特性的液滴粒径尺寸分布和特征参数,研究了燃用生物柴油与柴油燃烧和排放规律的差异及其本质原因.研究结果表明:与柴油相比,生物柴油喷雾锥角小,粒子总数少,小直径粒子比例低,最大粒子直径大;在转速为1 500 r*min-1与平均有效压力为0.531 MPa时,生物柴油最大燃烧压力、最大压力升高率以及最大燃烧放热率分别降低了1.91%、30.10%和29.32%,生物柴油燃烧持续期长于柴油;在转速为1 500 r*min-1时,燃用生物柴油HC、CO和烟度排放平均分别降低17.17%、26.73%和37.85%,NOX排放平均增加21.93%.     

动摩擦接触问题速率型变分形式及等价性

推导动态接触问题平衡方程与接触约束条件的一种速率型变分形式。通过定义实值赋范可测向量函数空间中的正则虚速度函数，应用系统能量平衡关系将局部状态转变为积分弱形式的变分方程。这种变分方程适用于不同材料的有限变形情况。引入非负松弛函数和切向接触应力函数空间，提出接触约束条件的互补变分关系。证明了积分弱形式的变分方程与逐点满足的平衡方程、接触条件是完全等价的。     

空间润滑装置高压雾化喷嘴的喷雾特性

为解决航天器在空间轨道运行时润滑失效的问题,将高压直射式雾化喷嘴应用到空间润滑领域,利用流体动力学软件CFD-ACE+2009,建立了直射式雾化喷嘴气液两相流模型,在此基础上,对润滑油喷雾流的生成过程进行数值模拟,并考察了喷嘴处液体流动速度及压力的分布情况.通过2种高粘度液体NYE 2001、Krytox 143AB与柴油的对比,分析了液体物理参数对液体内部压力传递及流速变化的影响.数值模拟结果表明:航空润滑油NYE 2001的高粘度严重阻碍入口压力的传递,当入口压力为15 MPa时,1 mm长的喷嘴末端压力下降到0.42 MPa,降幅达到97.2%;过高的液体粘度和过长的喷嘴,对液体喷雾流的形成产生不利影响.     

基于改进优化速度函数的跟驰模型研究

为了探究车辆跟驰中车头间距与速度的关系函数,采用高精度车载GPS设备获取了大量基于时间序列的车辆跟驰数据,根据实测车头间距—平均速度关系构建了改进的优化速度函数.对原优化速度函数和改进的优化速度函数进行了参数标定,并对两个函数进行了微观向宏观交通参数的推导,结果表明,改进的优化速度函数能更好地描述车辆跟驰中微观和宏观交通参数之间的关系.最后对基于两种函数的全速度差跟驰模型进行了数值模拟,结果表明,基于改进的优化速度函数的跟驰模型具有更好的稳定性.     

高速弓网耦合系统动态仿真研究

采用欧拉-伯努利梁结构的接触网和受电弓的二质量块模型建立了弓网垂直耦合动力学模型,通过拉格朗日方程推导出弓网系统运动微分方程组,并利用Newmark法编写数值仿真程序,在给定的条件下,讨论不同速度下弓网耦合系统的动态性能。采用MATLAB对高速受电弓与接触网的相互作用进行仿真并对结果进行分析,为研究不同速度下受电弓与接触网参数的优化奠定基础。     

出行距离分布模型及参数研究

为研究城市交通规划中出行距离的分布特征,在一定假设条件下,运用概率统计理论推导出行距离的概率分布函数形式,用10座城市的居民出行资料对其进行拟合,验证了该假设条件的合理性,分析了函数参数的相关影响因素,如城市规模、城市形状和交通结构等,对其进行量化与非线性回归,得到出行距离的概率分布函数的一般形式,最后,就不同规模城市分析了分布函数参数的取值范围。研究结果表明:出行距离的分布符合瑞利分布,特大城市和大中城市分布函数参数的取值范围分别为0.035～0.076和0.042～0.100。     

微分中值问题辅助函数的构造方法

给出了微分中值问题中如何构造辅助函数的几种方法,且分析了它们之间的逻辑关系,并指出利用微分方程的通解是微分中值问题辅助函数的一般构造方法.同时,对4类典型问题给出了辅助函数的构造形式.     

Experimental Investigation of Spray Evaporation in Turbulent Flow in Countercurrent Humidifier

IntroductionThe HAT( humid air turbine) cycle is an ad-vanced power generation system with high efficien-cy,low cost,high specific power,excellentoff- de-sign performance and low NOx emissions withoutcomplex system introduction.It has aroused con-siderable interest,and is predicted as an advancedthermal power cycle for this century[1] .The proto-type of modern HAT cycle was proposed by Morietal.,and gotmuch progress recently.HAT cycleuses a working fluid of air,water and steam mix-ture,an…     

Understanding Spray Coating Process: Visual Observation of Impingement of Multiple Droplets on a Substrate

Spray coating is a facile deposition process with numerous existing and emerging applications. However, spray coating is a stochastic process comprising impingement of many droplets which upon impact on a heated substrate may dry or solidify individually or coalesce first to form a thin liquid film and then dry to yield a thin solid film. There is very limited knowledge on how this process occurs; therefore in this work, high speed imaging is used to visualize the spray coating process. Two model solutions including food-dye with properties like those of water, and poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), a polymeric solution, are sprayed onto permeable glossy paper and regular impermeable glass substrates. Substrates are kept at room temperature and 80 °C elevated temperature. In some cases, a vertical ultrasonic vibration is imposed on the substrate to study its effect on the coating process. It is observed that the spray coating process is highly random and stochastic. A higher substrate temperature results in a better coating process in that a more uniform and defect-free coating forms. Imposed vibration in the case of glossy paper substrates results in better droplet spreading and more uniform coating. The results also show that under the conditions of these experiments, impinged droplets dry individually or as islands of multiple coalesced droplets to form a coating. In other words, at used spray flow rate and spray droplet size, a continuous thin liquid film does not form prior to drying even at room temperature. Further systematic studies and high magnification lenses are required to visualize and understand the details of the process.     

Multi-Component Model of Diesel Sprays Under High Injection Pressure

The combustion efficiency of a diesel engine depends not only on spray characteristics but also on fuel-air mixing characteristics. Based on the original spray model, a new spray model is established in this paper to accurately predict the diesel spray, and then a multi-component evaporation model is added into it. The model takes the influence of component concentration gradient and species on its evaporation rate in the liquid phase into account. This paper studies the spray characteristics (spray penetration, spray angle and spray morphology) and fuel-air mixing characteristics (spray area, spray volume and air entrainment mass) using the spray model, and the results are compared with the experimental results. The comparison shows that the simulated spray penetration and spray angle are close to the experimental results with the average deviations less than 3%. Moreover, this paper studies the spray area, spray volume and air entrainment using empirical formula under different conditions. And the maximum deviations of the spray volume, spray area and air entrainment mass are less than 5% as compared with the test values. Overall, this spray model can predict the diesel spray characteristics and fuel-air mixing characteristics under high injection pressure accurately.     

应用激光全息术测量柴油机喷雾场粒度分布的理论基础

对应用激光全息术测量柴油机喷雾场粒度分布的理论进行了分析，推导了全息图的记录与再现公式，对应用激光全息术测量粒度分布所存在的问题－景深和密度问题进行了详尽的分析与讨论，为实际测量打下了理论基础。     

Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Fuel Viscosity on the Spray Characteristics of Diesel Nozzle

This paper presented an investigation of atomization characteristics including the velocity vector field and the mean droplet sizes for different percentages of DMM-diesel blended fuels using a phase doppler anemometry (PDA) analyzer system. Based on the fuel design concept, an oxygenated fuel named dimethoxy methane (DMM), which has lower viscosity, surface tension, and boiling point, was used to blend with diesel. The experiments were carried out under atmospheric conditions on a single-hole type diesel nozzle, liquid conditions comprise a temperature of 298 K under the needle valve opening pressure of 6 MPa. The results show that the sauter mean diameter (SMD) and spray cone angle of blended fuels decrease with the increase of DMM content; the axial mean velocity in the centerline increases with the increase of DMM. However, the spray behavior of blended fuel in which DMM exceeds 75% is virtually identical to that of neat DMM. The measurement also reveals the existence of an "S" shape in the radial mean velocity variations with radial distance.     

海浪飞沫积冰生成及其对船舶的影响

本文引用船舶飞沫上浪的经验公式和海水冷却公式,计算中小型船舶的积冰量及其分布,分析积冰对船舶稳性和浮性的危害,提高驾驶人员和公司管理人员对积冰危害的认识,为船舶冰区安全航行提供参考.     

锈蚀RC梁抗弯承载力计算方法研究

工程中钢筋混凝土梁纵向受力钢筋锈蚀情况复杂，梁上作用荷载形式多变. 为获取锈蚀RC （reinforced concrete）梁的抗弯承载能力，以锈蚀钢筋混凝土简支梁为研究对象，将锈蚀RC梁视为由混凝土和锈蚀底部纵筋组成的存在粘结-滑移的组合梁，依据混凝土与锈蚀钢筋之间的变形协调条件，给出了以挠度表达的锈蚀RC简支梁平衡微分方程；将平衡微分方程的齐次解作为单元形函数，推导出了锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的单元刚度矩阵、等效节点荷载列阵以及每一荷载步锈蚀梁的内力计算公式；建立了能准确反应简支梁上荷载作用形式以及钢筋锈蚀状况的锈蚀RC梁抗弯承载力计算模型；最后通过17根锈蚀RC简支梁的试验数据对建议计算方法进行验证. 验证结果表明，抗弯承载力试验值与计算值之比的平均值为1.06，方差为0.012，二者吻合良好，该计算方法准确.      

变间距弧型除水器动力学特性研究

根据N-S方程组描述了冷却塔变间距弧型除水器内的气液两相流动,采用SSTk-ω模型及颗粒轨道模型对方程组进行封闭,针对除水效率建立了该类除水器的数学模型.通过调节结构参数（除水器板间距）和工况参数（气体流速、液滴直径）,对弧型除水器内多相流流场进行数值模拟计算,分析了各参数对变间距弧型除水器分离效率和压降的影响,提出了提高脱水率的可行性方案.研究发现：液滴直径越大,双通道的弧型除水器的除水效率越高;在低于临界流速的情况下,气速越大,分离效率越大,但达到临界速度以后,变化就不明显;相邻的两个折板间距越小,除水器除水效率越高.