埋地输油管道外防腐层的检测与评估

运用RD-PCM地探仪对某机场埋地输油管道的外防腐层进行不开挖检测,检测外防腐层老化程度,确定外防腐层的破损处(露铁点)。检测管道外环境土壤的腐蚀情况,确定土壤的腐蚀等级。对露铁点选择性开挖,了解露铁点的现状。分析牺牲阳极的保护情况,计算确定牺牲阳极的保护年限。对该输油管道的现状进行系统评估,确保管道在设计年限内可靠运行。     

埋地管道防腐层破损点检测技术综合应用研究

对防腐层完整性检测尤其是对防腐层破损点的精确定位,及对检出大、中面积破损点开挖修补,是确保土壤跟管道的有效绝缘、提高阴极保护效果的关键。文中分析了常用埋地钢质管道防腐层破损点检测技术特点,结合现场检测实践,综合应用多种技术,能有效检测埋地钢质管道防腐层破损点。根据测量数据可以判断破损点大小以及是否开挖修理,在管道安全运行及检测的经济性之间寻找结合点。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

非接触式磁应力检测技术在埋地管道腐蚀评价中的应用

为了验证非接触式磁应力检测技术在埋地管道腐蚀评价中的有效性，分析了金属磁记忆原理、非接触式磁应力检测程序，对实际检测效果进行开挖验证，对检出缺陷评定结果与超声波测厚数据进行比对。结果表明：非接触式磁应力检测技术可以检测出埋地管道的金属腐蚀和机械损伤缺陷，通过磁异常综合指数对检出缺陷的等级划分与超声波测厚结果一致。可以采用非接触式磁应力检测技术，在不开挖状态下对埋地管道进行腐蚀检测，并给出与实际相符的腐蚀评价。     

管道缺陷导波与超声波C扫描复合检测新技术

介绍了一种新的埋地管道缺陷外检测方法,即超声导波技术与常规超声波C扫描检测技术相结合.介绍了该技术的原理、装置组成、检测程序以及工程应用情况.该方法首先利用超声导波技术对管道进行快速扫描,在出现异常点部位开挖,必要时利用C扫描技术进行精确测试.这样可以实现对埋地管道的低成本快速检测,在某些条件下可以替代管道的内检测,为管道的安全评价工作及完整性管理提供技术支持.     

SL -2098检漏仪在埋地管线非开挖检测中的应用

文中系统论述了埋地管道外防腐层非开挖检测的重要性和几种前沿技术,对各种技术做出了比较分析,并结合工程实例,提出了采用SL - 2098检漏仪进行埋地管道的非开挖检测的方案.实践证明,检测方案准确可行.     

埋地输油管道开挖修复施工方案分析

建立了埋地输油管道开挖修复时开挖，直接重埋和支平后重埋工况下的力学模型，其中，输油站，增压站，阀室和固定墩处的管道认为是完全嵌固，土壤对管道的作用力有挤压力和摩擦力两种，土壤对管道的挤压力简化为弹性支撑。分析了三种工况下管道无支具和有支具情况下的应力和下沉，通过对比分析得出，埋地管道开挖修复时，支具处，挖开和起末点和下沉最大处易破坏；直接重埋为最危险工况，而支平后管埋为最安全工况；为增加一次挖开长度，尽量使用支撑，这样也可以减小管道下沉挠度。     

埋地管道防腐层的DCVG与CIPS技术组合检测

埋地管道修复工作量大且耗资巨大 ,防腐层检测对于指导埋地管道大修有着重要的意义 ,直流电位梯度 (DCVG)和密间隔电位测试 (CIPS)技术已经广泛应用 ,但单独使用存在很大的局限性。本文介绍了这两种方法的原理 ,着重介绍了利用这两种技术组合对埋地管道防腐层缺陷进行定量检测的工作原理 ,在一条模拟管道上进行了试验 ,给出了现场应用的结果 ,结果表明通过组合检测可以定量检测防腐层缺陷。     

PCM+“短接法”在站场埋地管道定位中的应用

为了实现站场内埋地管道的非开挖定位,借鉴长输管道定位技术,采用PCM+探索实现站内管道定位的方法。站场内管道错综复杂,用电设备干扰大,按照正常信号加载方式,电流信号在埋地管道和用电设备之间无序流动,无法实现目标管道准确定位。采用PCM+"短接法",用金属导线将发射机与待检埋地管道直接相连,不经过地网,而形成"发射机-导线-管道-导线-发射机"的封闭回路,接收机可准确探测到埋地管道的位置,现场试验效果良好,经开挖验证后发现误差小于100 mm。     

管道通径仪仿真牵拉实验系统

介绍了管道内检测通径仪仿真牵拉实验系统的组成及工作原理,并通过大量实验证明该仿真实验系统可以有效地对通径仪各种工作性能进行验证,解决了进行实际牵拉实验困难的问题,对管道内检测设备在进行管道现场工业施工过程中准确地测量管道里程起着关键作用,从而在进行管道维修开挖时能够更准确,明显减小了管道维修开挖的误差。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.