Port and terminal selection by deep-sea container operators

This paper deals with the importance of port choice and container terminal selection for deep-sea container carriers. The paper focuses on the research question: on what basis do deep-sea container operators select container ports (strategy) and container terminals (financial reasons) in the Hamburg–Le Havre range over others? In answering this research question, three dimensions are addressed in detail: the buying decision characteristics; port choice strategy; and terminal selection. The results show that strategic considerations at company level are important. For port choice the most important criteria from a carrier's perspective are: availability of hinterland connections; reasonable tariffs; and immediacy of consumers (large hinterland). In addition to these criteria, shipping lines attach great value to often neglected factors, such as feeder connectivity, environmental issues and the total portfolio of the port. The study reveals that port selection and terminal selection are not the same with terminal selection criteria mainly depending on: handling speed; handling costs; reliability; and hinterland connections. The analysis also brought forward that the decision making is different per container carrier, per trade and per port type, implying that a one size fits all approach is not relevant.     

锦州港集装箱码头装卸工艺方案探讨

依托锦州港集装箱运输特点和新建第二港池集装箱码头二期工程的具体条件,结合国内外集装箱码头新工艺、新技术开发情况。研究确定适合于锦州港发展的21世纪先进的集装箱码头装卸工艺方案。介绍轨道式集装箱龙门起重机（RMG）和轮胎式集装箱龙门起重机（RTG）2种集装箱堆场装卸设备,通过全面的技术经济比较,推荐采用RMG装卸工艺系统作为锦州港集装箱码头建设方案。     

自动化集装箱码头堆场布置新模式

自动化集装箱堆场是自动化码头的重要组成部分。高效、合理地布置自动化集装箱堆场对码头综合通过能力、装卸效率和营运成本等将产生积极影响。在对国外典型自动化集装箱码头堆场在平面布置、设备选型和功能规划等方面分析的基础上,提出洋山四期全自动化集装箱码头堆场布局新模式。     

阿布扎比哈里发港集装箱码头二期项目自动化堆场布置

针对阿布扎比哈里发港集装箱码头二期项目自动化堆场布置受较小的陆域纵深限制的问题,对两种自动化集装箱码头堆场布置方案进行对比研究,在码头前沿布置相同的前提下,自动化堆场平行布置方案比自动化堆场垂直方案有更多堆场能力。综合考虑堆场能力、自动化程度、人员投入、系统调试周期及装卸设备投资等各方面因素,确定本项目采用自动化堆场平行布置方案。     

Incorporating container location dispersion into evaluating GCR performance at a transhipment terminal

The degree of container dispersion at a transhipment terminal is measured by an index termed container location dispersion, which represents the range, both horizontal and vertical, of all containers for ship loading that are scattered in the yard. First, this paper identifies the impacts of container location dispersion on loading performance with insufficient or sufficient equipment deployment in real-life settings at a terminal. Then, we investigate those scenarios with different levels of interference. This research aims to explore the relationship between the container location dispersion and Gross Crane Rate (GCR) stability at a transhipment terminal and proposes a discrete-event driven simulation model for this purpose. All data in our experiments are extracted from the terminal operation system at a real-life container terminal. It is concluded from a series of experiments that the container location dispersion well captures the overall performance of container terminal handling and can be used for yard template optimization and management. Implications of this investigation are discussed in the context of the yard template design and improvement in the overall performance of a container transhipment terminal.     

海港集装箱码头新型装卸工艺技术和模式的探讨

通过对国、内外海港集装箱码头新工艺和新技术开发研究情况的介绍,认为采用节能减排技术、新型高效的岸边装卸桥和堆场水平运输机械设备,建设自动化集装箱堆场(ACY)和全自动化的集装箱码头(ACT)已成为今后海港集装箱码头发展的方向.根据新时期我国海港集装箱码头发展的特点,提出集装箱码头和堆场装卸工艺模式创新的设想,并建议创造...     

A fuzzy AHP decision support system for selecting yard cranes in marine container terminals

One of the most important issues that planners and developers of ports have to address at the planning process of container terminals is how to effectively optimize truck turnaround times. The time that a truck spends at a container terminal for loading and/or unloading of cargo is a real cost scenario which affects not only the smooth operation of ports but also the overall cost of the container trade. The main objective of this article is to provide a decision support tool for selecting the best container yard gantry crane for loading/discharging operation of trucks at the landside of marine container terminals. Achieving this goal, this study aims at introducing and recommending the multiple attribute decision-making and the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process models that have been proven to provide a concrete basis for such a selection decision.     

基于多智能体仿真的集装箱港口作业效率研究

集装箱港口生产作业系统是复杂的离散事件系统,数学建模方法难以构建针对整个系统的模型,而基于过程的仿真模型通常缺乏对设备调度的灵活性。为准确描述我国集装箱港口的作业流程,分析内卡配置数量对港口作业效率的影响,提出了基于事件驱动的集装箱港口多智能体(Multi-Agent)仿真模型。仿真结果表明:岸桥平均装卸效率(GCR)随着内卡数量的增加先急剧增加后缓慢增加,船舶平均等待时间(AWT)和平均在泊时间(AST)与岸桥平均装卸效率呈明显负相关关系。     

“零翻箱”自动化立体堆场设计与码头总体布局

集装箱码头是内外贸集装箱货物的集疏运中心,码头的吞吐能力受堆场容量和作业效率的影响。针对集装箱码头堆场的翻箱倒箱问题,基于整个立体库场内每层堆场仅堆放一层重箱的理念,通过AI设计、情景假设、公式推算和数据分析的方法,设计出一项自动化立体堆场方案,并介绍各核心设备和功能区以及作业流程。结果表明,本方案可实现真正意义上“零翻箱”,同时能减少机械设备的配置、使用成本和碳排放量,有利于提升码头作业效率、吞吐能力和经济效益,有助于增强码头和港口企业竞争力。     

洋山四期自动化集装箱码头装卸工艺设计

针对洋山四期工程的特点,选择自动化装卸工艺系统,并通过对工艺系统设备选型和平面布置的细化和优化,较好地解决了码头装卸与水平运输环节的衔接、陆域狭小对大型深水泊位能力的制约、堆场海陆侧轨道吊作业量不均衡、互拖及运距长等主要问题,为发挥集装箱码头自动化的优势奠定基础。     

An ERP approach for container terminal operating systems

The major characteristics of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) are an enterprise-wide system that covers all the business functions and information resources, integrated database, built-in best industry practice, packaged software and open architecture. ERP enables reduction of system development time, flexibility, standardization of workflow and effective business planning capability. ERP is mainly for the manufacturing industry. However, the principles of ERP can also be applied to container terminal operating systems. This paper presents an ERP system approach for a container terminal. It has clustered the workflow of a container terminal and analysed the business process to generate the best workflows. The integrated database is designed to eliminate redundancy and keep integration. The core of ERP for container terminal is the planning facility such as berth planning and yard planning. The planning capability is very tightly coupled with data flow from client entities such as shipping companies. The ERP can handle the existing problems of container terminal operation that are mainly caused by lack of integration of a whole information resource in a container terminal, ad-hoc and poor planning capability, disconnected and incorrect data from client companies. The ERP approach can not only resolve the problems of container terminals but also promote adoption of information systems for container terminals in the world that have not yet implemented terminal operating systems.     

An ERP approach for container terminal operating systems

The major characteristics of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) are an enterprise-wide system that covers all the business functions and information resources, integrated database, built-in best industry practice, packaged software and open architecture. ERP enables reduction of system development time, flexibility, standardization of workflow and effective business planning capability. ERP is mainly for the manufacturing industry. However, the principles of ERP can also be applied to container terminal operating systems. This paper presents an ERP system approach for a container terminal. It has clustered the workflow of a container terminal and analysed the business process to generate the best workflows. The integrated database is designed to eliminate redundancy and keep integration. The core of ERP for container terminal is the planning facility such as berth planning and yard planning. The planning capability is very tightly coupled with data flow from client entities such as shipping companies. The ERP can handle the existing problems of container terminal operation that are mainly caused by lack of integration of a whole information resource in a container terminal, ad-hoc and poor planning capability, disconnected and incorrect data from client companies. The ERP approach can not only resolve the problems of container terminals but also promote adoption of information systems for container terminals in the world that have not yet implemented terminal operating systems.     

基于仿真的集装箱堆场大门规划

通过山东某集装箱码头港口规划的一个实际仿真项目,分析了应用离散事件仿真方法辅助集装箱堆场大门系统规划的过程和方法.结果表明仿真方法能够较简单公式方法给出更加丰富的大门规划支持信息,从而有助于做出更加规范合理的大门规划决策.     

集装箱港区排水系统设计要点

通过对集装箱港区内排水系统的研究,提出堆场、电缆沟、电缆井、通信井、阀门井、消防栓井、防风锚定坑等构筑物的排水方法及措施,建议采用CIVIL 3D对港外排水系统进行宏观分析判断,从而为港区前期阶段及工程选址提供科学依据。     

顺岸式自动化集装箱码头堆场布局设计

综合考虑码头在规划、建设及运维等多方面的要求,开展自动化集装箱码头堆场布局设计.以天津港北疆港区C段智能化集装箱码头工程建设为例,在码头整体设计要求相同的情况下,提出堆场垂直布置和平行布置2种方案,从堆场通过能力、设备配置数量、装卸作业人员数量、智能化程度、可靠性、碳排放量、创新性等7个方面对比研究2种布置方案与自动化...     

传统集装箱港区堆场自动化改造模式研究

自动化轨道吊(ARMG)及自动化轮胎吊(ARTG)是自动化港区堆场设备的2个主要发展方向。为系统梳理传统港区改造为自动化港区所面临的技术难题,准确把握未来自动化港区发展方向,上海港在2个传统堆场利用局部箱区试验性地实施ARMG和ARTG改造项目。基于该项目实际运营数据,对ARMG及ARTG模式技术现状、发展趋势进行系统的梳理及研判,分析其与港区环境的互适条件,为传统集装箱港区改造为自动化集装箱港区提供理论参考。     

A new rule-based integrated decision making approach to container transshipment terminal selection

The choice of the port or terminal to perform transshipment operations is a critical decision for container transportation companies (i.e. shipping line companies). This choice is not only affected by transshipment costs but also by the location, infrastructure, equipment, and technologies of the alternative terminals. In this study, a rule-based integrated multi-criteria group decision making approach is proposed in order to support such complex decision processes which involve substantial uncertainties and subjectivities. The proposed approach involves simple mathematics and provides a flexible modeling approach close to human reasoning that is able to consider uncertain information and relationships of arbitrary complexity. To prioritize the sub-criteria affecting the choice of the most appropriate terminal and to assess alternatives with respect to these sub-criteria, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on absolute measurement is used. Then, to determine the most appropriate terminal, a Fuzzy Rule-Based System is developed, which adopts the scores of criteria (i.e. the total scores of sub-criteria) obtained by AHP as input. In order to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach, an application is presented for the choice of the most appropriate container transshipment port in Turkey for a shipping line company.     

港口危险货物集装箱及堆场安全管理标准化的关键问题

分析危险货物安全管理国内外标准规范和研究现状、国内现有工作基础和存在的问题,从安全工程的系统视角,提出港口危险货物集装箱及堆场安全管理及其标准化的关键研究内容.开展港口危险货物集装箱及堆场设备设施配置、安全作业规程、应急响应与处理措施、安全管理办法等研究工作,可预防、减少和应对危险货物集装箱堆场各类事故的发生.     

适用于江海联运海港自动化集装箱码头的总体布置方案

针对具有驳船小港池的海港集装箱码头的特点,结合自动化集装箱码头建设发展的需要,突破自动化集装箱码头堆场垂直于码头前沿线布置的局限性,创新提出堆场箱区平行于码头前沿线布置的总体自动化集装箱码头方案。引入智能驾驶与卫星导航等技术,采用智能驾驶运输车替代传统集装箱卡车,从而使平面工艺总体方案适用于江海联运吞吐量占比高的运输模式,同时实现港区自动化,降低建设与运营成本,为我国传统集装箱码头的自动化升级改造提供借鉴。     

集装箱码头物流路径优化研究

根据集装箱码头的工艺流程,提出了集装箱码头物流路径优化模型。该模型以集卡行走里程最短为目标,在满足集装箱堆场堆存要求和船舶装卸作业要求的情况下,求解集卡最优行走路径。算例计算表明,该优化模型可为码头管理者提供一定决策帮助。