弯曲河道方形桥墩紊流宽度数值模拟

弯曲河道流态复杂,修建桥梁后桥墩对河道流场改变较大,对船舶航行安全非常不利。采用格子Boltzmann方法模拟桥墩三维紊流流场,并结合大涡模拟和运动边界处理方法,分析不同来流、弯曲半径等条件下的方形桥墩三维紊流宽度,由此建立了相对紊流宽度与弗劳德数之间耦合关系。利用上述成果,以四川新西林大桥为例进行验算,并与长江航道规划设计研究院的研究成果比较。结果发现,该方法得出的桥墩紊流宽度略大,但数值趋于合理。     

桥墩周围紊流区宽度研究

通过数值模拟的研究方法,就桥墩附近的紊流区宽度展开了研究,利用圆柱绕流的研究成果,使用紊流理论,借助大型流场分析计算软件FLUENT,对桥墩周围水流流场进行模拟,分析计算了单圆柱桥墩和双圆柱桥墩群在不同水流条件下周围的紊流区宽度,得到一些有意义的结果.     

基于MIKE21对防撞设施桥墩处紊流宽度的研究

目前,对航道中桥墩处紊流宽度计算一般使用E=K_cK_sf(v,b,h)公式。但该公式并没有涉及航道地形的参数,也没有考虑到后续防撞设施的影响。为了研究防撞设施的布设对于桥墩处紊流宽度造成的实际影响,本文采用MIKE21软件,结合中运河桥和茹塘大桥实例,建立二维水流数学模型。通过对比数模与公式结果的误差发现,该一般性公式只适用于墩前水流较简单的情况。MIKE数模能更好地还原研究区域水文条件,直观反映紊流宽度,弥补了公式中关于桥墩附近复杂地形的空白,对将来公式修正提供了科学参考依据。     

桥墩紊流宽度的试验研究

由于我国现行的《内河通航标准》(GB50139-2004)中,没有桥墩紊流宽度的计算方法,桥梁设计人员为了保证船舶航行安全,通常将桥梁跨度加大,这样既增加了结构设计的难度,又增加了工程的投资。通过水槽定床和动床试验,分析了行近流速、行近水深、来流角度、桥墩尺寸、桥墩墩型、桥墩冲刷等因素对桥墩紊流宽度的影响,利用量纲分析法对实测数据进行整理,推导出了桥墩紊流宽度的计算公式。     

强弯渠道三维水流数值模拟

文章采用半隐有限体积方法建立求解渠道三维流动的数值模型,分别采用标准κ-ε和低雷诺数κ-w紊流封闭模型模拟定床条件下193°强弯渠道的流动特性。变量交错定义在水平非结构网格上,通过求解自由水位控制方程计算自由表面。计算值与试验测量值的对比,表明模型可用来模拟强弯渠道的三维流动,尤其对于渠道横向二次流运动,为进一步研究弯曲渠道的动床水力特性创造有力条件。     

雷诺数对潜艇粘压阻力和尾部伴流场影响的数值计算研究

采用数值计算方法对SUBOFF潜艇的主艇体模型和全附体模型在不同雷诺数条件下进行三维粘性流场数值模拟。将低雷诺数条件下的计算结果与试验结果进行比较,验证计算方法的可靠性;利用数值计算技术分析潜艇工程设计和试验中出现的问题,包括潜艇实艇阻力预报方法研究和雷诺数对潜艇尾部伴流场的影响研究。     

一种河道紊流三维数值模拟离散格式的应用探讨

通过引用气体动力学中的Osher格式计算控制体交界面通量,建立了一种基于有限体积法的河道紊流三维数学模型。该格式是对准确的非线性黎曼问题的近似解法,具有很好的守恒性、逆风性、单调性和高分辨率捕捉间断的能力,解决了河床变化剧烈处水流计算易发散的难题,在紊流模型的选取上,考虑到紊动能量和紊动尺度在水平方向和垂直方向上的差异,平面上采用大涡模型,垂向上采用k-ε模型。通过桥墩和丁坝局部水流实测资料校核模型模拟局部复杂水流结构的能力,模型计算得到的马蹄涡、回流结构及流速分布与实测基本一致。     

基于ADINA有限元软件的圆柱绕流三维数值模拟

利用ADINA有限元计算软件建立基于N-S控制方程的圆柱绕流三维数学模型,模拟不可压缩粘性流体中单个固定圆柱的绕流问题,计算不同雷诺数(Re)条件下圆柱绕流的压力系数、升阻力系数和Strouhal数等相关参数.通过与物理模型试验结果的对比对该数学模型进行验证,进一步分析在大雷诺数条件下圆柱绕流的三维效应.     

基于计算流体动力学的流量系数研究

为了研究某液压装置中节流阀的流量系数与孔口雷诺数之间的关系,该文利用计算流体动力学软件FLUENT,构造结构化网格,采用层流模型或标准湍动能-湍动能耗散率(k-ε)模型,对节流阀内部层流或紊流流动进行数值模拟.经过对不同孔口雷诺数工况的数值模拟计算发现:节流阀流量系数与孔口雷诺数关系比较符合文献[7]中提出的短孔流量系数的计算公式,表明了文中提出的基于计算流体动力学的数值模拟是可行的.     

潜艇实艇阻力预报方法研究

分析潜艇阻力预报的方法和特点,采用数值计算方法对SUBOFF潜艇的主艇体模型和全附体模型在不同雷诺数条件下进行三维粘性流场数值模拟,将低雷诺数条件下的计算结果同试验结果进行比较,验证了计算方法的可靠性;通过对计算结果的分析,获得潜艇粘压阻力系数随雷诺数变化的规律,对潜艇实艇阻力预报提出一些建议。     

受渗流影响的冲积河道中圆型和矩形桥墩受腐蚀情况和流动特性比较（英文）

The present study examines scour geometry and turbulent flow characteristics around circular and oblong piers in alluvial channel with downward seepage. Experiments were conducted in plane sand bed of non-uniform sand under no seepage, 10% seepage and 15% seepage conditions. Scour depth at oblong pier is significantly lesser than the scour depth at circular one.However, the scour depth at both piers reduces with downward seepage. The measurements show that the velocity and Reynolds stresses are negative near the bed at upstream of piers where the strong reversal occurs. At downstream of oblong pier near the free surface, velocity and Reynolds stresses are less positive; whereas, they are negative at downstream of circular pier. The streamline shape of oblong pier leads to reduce the strength of wake vortices and consequently reversal flow at downstream of pier. With application of downward seepage turbulent kinetic energy is decreasing. The results show that the wake vortices at oblong pier are weaker than the wake vortices at circular pier. The strength of wake vortices diminishes with downward seepage.The Strouhal number is lesser for oblong pier and decreases with downward seepage for both oblong and circular piers.     

Comparison of Scour and Flow Characteristics Around Circular and Oblong Bridge Piers in Seepage Affected Alluvial Channels

The present study examines scour geometry and turbulent flow characteristics around circular and oblong piers in alluvial channel with downward seepage. Experiments were conducted in plane sand bed of non-uniform sand under no seepage, 10% seepage and 15% seepage conditions. Scour depth at oblong pier is significantly lesser than the scour depth at circular one. However, the scour depth at both piers reduces with downward seepage. The measurements show that the velocity and Reynolds stresses are negative near the bed at upstream of piers where the strong reversal occurs. At downstream of oblong pier near the free surface, velocity and Reynolds stresses are less positive; whereas, they are negative at downstream of circular pier. The streamline shape of oblong pier leads to reduce the strength of wake vortices and consequently reversal flow at downstream of pier. With application of downward seepage turbulent kinetic energy is decreasing. The results show that the wake vortices at oblong pier are weaker than the wake vortices at circular pier. The strength of wake vortices diminishes with downward seepage. The Strouhal number is lesser for oblong pier and decreases with downward seepage for both oblong and circular piers.     

Effect of downward seepage on turbulent flow characteristics and bed morphology around bridge piers

In this work, experimental investigations have been pursued to analyse the influence of downward seepage on the turbulent characteristics of flow and corresponding changes in vortex structure around circular bridge pier in alluvial channel. Experiments were conducted in sand bed channel with circular piers of different sizes for no seepage, 10% seepage and 20% seepage cases. The measurement of turbulent flow statistics such as velocity and Reynolds stresses is found to be negative within the scour hole at upstream of the pier whereas application of downward seepage retards the reversal of the flow causing a decrement in the velocity and Reynolds stresses. Higher Reynolds shear stress prevails at the downstream side because of the production of wake vortices. Contribution of all bursting events to the total Reynolds shear stress production has been observed to increase with downward seepage. The analysis of integral scale suggest that size of eddies increases with seepage, which is responsible for increase in particle mobility. Initially rate of scouring is more which abatements gradually with expanding time as well as with the increased of downward seepage. Presence of downward seepage reduces the depth and length of vortex and shifts towards downstream side of the pier.     

桥墩下游渗流对湍流和桥墩周围地表形态的影响（英文）

In this work, experimental investigations have been pursued to analyse the influence of downward seepage on the turbulent characteristics of flow and corresponding changes in vortex structure around circular bridge pier in alluvial channel. Experiments were conducted in sand bed channel with circular piers of different sizes for no seepage, 10% seepage and 20% seepage cases. The measurement of turbulent flow statistics such as velocity and Reynolds stresses is found to be negative within the scour hole at upstream of the pier whereas application of downward seepage retards the reversal of the flow causing a decrement in the velocity and Reynolds stresses. Higher Reynolds shear stress prevails at the downstream side because of the production of wake vortices. Contribution of all bursting events to the total Reynolds shear stress production has been observed to increase with downward seepage. The analysis of integral scale suggest that size of eddies increases with seepage, which is responsible for increase in particle mobility. Initially rate of scouring is more which abatements gradually with expanding time as well as with the increased of downward seepage. Presence of downward seepage reduces the depth and length of vortex and shifts towards downstream side of the pier.     

航道边线与桥墩之间安全距离的研究

合理地确定通航桥梁的最小净空宽度,保证船队航行和桥梁安全,是桥梁建设和航道建设均应重视的问题。文章提出了计算通航桥孔宽度的计算公式。当桥梁轴线的法线方向与水流方向的偏角超过5°时,通航桥孔净空宽度应在一般航道宽度的基础上增加考虑水流产生的船舶横向漂移,并在桥墩和航道边线之间留有足够的安全距离。利用PIV技术,获得桥墩周围流场的准确信息,从水流紊动的角度,提出了安全距离的确定方法。     

Experimental study on the width of the turbulent area around bridge pier

At present, the method of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is not given in the "Standard for Inland River Navigation" (GB50139-2004) in China, and the bridge designer usually increases the bridge span in order to ensure the navigation safety, which increases both of the structural design difficulty and the project investments. Therefore, it is extremely essential to give a research on the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier. Through the experiments of the fixed bed and the mobile bed, the factors influencing the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier have been analyzed, such as the approaching flow speed, the water depth, the angles between the bridge pier and the flow direction, the sizes of bridge pier, the shapes of the bridge pier, and the scouring around the bridge pier, etc. Through applying the dimension analytic method to the measured data, the formula of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is then inferred.     

具有向下渗漏特性的沙质渠道中串列桥墩绕流及冲刷特性试验研究（英文）

Experimental investigations have been carried out to study morpho-hydraulic characteristics such as scour geometry and turbulent flow properties around tandem piers in alluvial channels. Experiments were carried out in a plane sand bed with two circular piers of same diameter arranged in tandem manner under no seepage, 10% seepage and 20% seepage conditions. Downward seepage minimizes the scour depth around piers and restrains the development of scour depth with time. Strong reversal flow is found near the bed at upstream of piers and near free surface at downstream of piers where velocity and Reynolds shear stress are found to be negative which reduce in magnitude with downward seepage. The flow is more critical within the gap between two piers where velocity is lesser near free surface and gradually increasing towards bed. Quadrant analysis shows that contribution of each event to the total Reynolds shear stress increases with downward seepage. Sedimentation effect prevails within the scour hole whereas outside the scour hole erosive forces become more dominant. Reduced reversal flow at upstream of pier because of downward seepage results in decreasing higher order moments and turbulent kinetic energy. At downstream of piers, secondary currents are dominant due to wake vortices. Strouhal number decreases in case of seepage runs than no seepage condition.     

往复流不同入射角条件下跨海大桥桥墩局部冲刷研究

文章以港珠澳跨海大桥工程为依托,采用理论计算和模型试验的手段进行研究,在公式得到验证的基础上,针对往复流不同入射角条件下桥墩局部冲刷深度问题进行探讨。结果表明:潮汐往复流条件下,桥墩上下游均出现局部冲刷,且上游冲刷深度大于下游;当桥墩迎流面与往复流流向基本垂直时,桥墩局部冲刷深度理论计算值略大于模型试验值,误差均在10%以内;在顺流面长度大于迎流面宽度的矩形桩墩墩型条件不变时,桥墩局部冲刷深度随往复流来流入射角的增大以变速率增大,且当入射角大于一定值时,桥墩冲刷深度趋于稳定。