一种非均匀环肋圆柱壳振动与声辐射性能研究

引入圆柱壳圆截面内运动假设,利用模态法推导非均匀环肋圆柱壳模态机械阻抗解析式;通过模态机械阻抗控制法,围绕激励力位置设置阻抗增强肋骨,构造一种非均匀环肋圆柱壳;采用FEM/BEM法对该非均匀环肋圆柱壳振动与声辐射性能进行研究,并通过模型振动试验与普通环肋圆柱壳进行对比分析。研究表明：通过增大环肋机械阻抗、合理地布置阻抗增强环肋位置构造的非均匀环肋圆柱壳,可有效降低结构振动响应和辐射噪声水平,具有较好的振声性能。     

Modeling and calculation of acoustic radiation of underwater stiffened cylindrical shells treated with local damping

Damping materials are widely used and playing an essential role in reducing the vibration and noise of various ships and underwater vehicles. In practical engineering, damping materials are often applied over the structural surface of ships and underwater vehicles. They are generally distributed not evenly in the whole area, but locally in some vital regions. The stiffened cylindrical shell is the most representative configuration for the main structure of underwater vehicles. Therefore, research on modeling and calculation of underwater acoustic radiation from stiffened cylindrical shells locally treated with damping has high practical value. This paper introduces a mixed analytical-numerical acoustic-vibration interaction method to achieve efficient calculation of the vibration and acoustic radiation from a locally damped cylindrical shell immersed in water. Two kinds of vibration and noise reduction measures are proposed for the damping treatment of a large-scale stiffened cylindrical shell structure. Calculation and analysis are carried out for both measures. The results can provide reference for developing the technology of reducing vibration and noise from ships and underwater vehicles via damping treatment.     

基于梁板结构的船舶系统可靠性分析及其优化

采用梁元和加筋板格元来模拟船舶空间结构,并建立相应的系统可靠性分析与优化模型。针对加筋板格可靠性分析中计算反向结点力向量时忽略加强筋影响而导致计算结果偏于保守的缺点,采用了完整加筋板格元的反向结点力向量和修正刚度矩阵,在此基础上采用分支限界法搜索系统主要失效模式并对其提出改进措施,保证了计算精度并提高了计算效率;运用界限搜索法求解模糊约束集的最优水平截集,进而求得系统可靠性约束下结构质量的模糊最优解,并与确定性优化设计结果对比,结果显示模糊优化模型具有更好的经济效益,可供工程借鉴使用。     

基于结构可靠度理论的高拱坝失效概率研究

简述了高拱坝安全评价中可靠度与失效概率研究的现状及存在问题;分析了高拱坝的主要失效模式,建立了高拱坝系统失效的故障树模型;研究了高拱坝失效相关主要随机变量的分布规律及特征值计算方法;探索应用JC法计算高拱坝单个失效模式的失效概率;研究了具有多个失效模式的高拱坝系统失效概率的计算方法;计算了某一高拱坝的失效概率。     

静水压力下圆柱壳结构屈曲机理分析

针对静水压力下圆柱壳结构的屈曲机理问题,将圆柱壳的结构刚度分为薄膜刚度和弯曲刚度,分析了具有完整刚度下圆柱壳的失稳压力,并与已有的理论进行了比较,验证了方法的可靠性。通过消除圆柱壳结构各部分薄膜刚度获得了消除刚度后的临界屈曲载荷,分析了各部分薄膜刚度对静水压力下圆柱壳承载能力的影响,结果表明,静水压力下圆柱壳屈曲的原因是结构周向薄膜刚度的减少。     

基于晌应面法的带肋圆柱壳结构强度可靠性分析

文章首先介绍了响应面法的基本原理,在有限元结构分析的基础上应用响应面法建立了带肋圆柱壳结构的强度失效方程,并将响应面法与一次二阶矩法相结合,解决了参数的当量正态化和独立化问题,最后应用此理论对带肋圆柱壳结构的强度进行了可靠性分析。计算结果表明,基于响应面法的一次二阶矩法具有较好的计算精度。     

基于FEM/BEM法的内部声激励水下圆柱壳声辐射计算

联合有限元法和边界元法对流场中的圆柱壳点声源激励下的声辐射作了数值计算。利用有限元软件ANSYS分析了加筋圆柱壳的模态，然后将模态导入采用边界元软件SYSNOISE，计算了加筋圆柱壳结构在点源激励下的声辐射，预报了圆柱壳的内外场声压，得到了圆柱壳的声辐射功率曲线。     

结构系统疲劳可靠性分析的一阶和二阶混合方法

本文提出了复杂结构系统疲劳可靠性分析的一阶和二阶混合方法。引进Ｈｏｈｅｎｂｉｃｈｌｅｒ等提出的并联系统可靠性分析的二阶渐近式计算失效途径的疲劳失效概率;利用并联系统等效线性安全余量的概念,形成由失效途径的等效失效单元组成的串联系统;并最终计算整个系统的疲劳失效概率。计算结果表明,这一方法能有效地提高结构系统疲劳失效概率的计算精度。     

船体梁与加筋板极限强度可靠性设计

本文应用结构可靠性分析方法，分别以船体梁和船体纵向加筋板极限承载能力为失效模式，对船体结构进行了安全评估和可靠性设计。应用所开发的新的改进可靠性计算方法，计算了基本物理量的不确定性对船体结构极限强度函数统计特征的影响，同时结合所开发的用于直接估算船体梁和加筋板极限强度的荛用计算方法，确定出不同船体结构的失效概率和设计目标安全指数，推导了局部安全因子，可以进行船体结构的可靠性设计与再评估。     

复合材料船体纵向极限强度可靠性分析

把船体甲板或船底板结构视为是一系列加筋板单元的组合，然后利用复合材料梁柱理论计算船体加筋板单元构件的极限承载能力，最后用Smith法计算复合材料船体的极限承载能力。由于复合材料船体纵向极限强度的极限状态方程不能简单地用船体各参数显式表达，故将近年发展起来的响应面法与JC法相结合，对复合材料船体纵向极限强度进行了可靠性分析。并讨论了影响船体纵向极限强度可靠性各变量的敏感性。     

基于有限元分析的潜艇耐压液舱结构系统可靠性计算

潜艇耐压液舱结构复杂，往往需进行有限元分析以获得结构在极限载荷作用下的应力。此时，由于失效函数缺乏显式表达，故应用一般的可靠性计算方法将遇到困难。作者采用人工神经网络代替传统的多项式函数拟合失效面，并结合方向抽样技术，提出了基于有限元的结构系统可靠性计算的新算法。由于该方法引入了结构有限元分析，且无需进行失效模式间相关性的近似分析，因而计算精度好，适用范围广泛。潜艇耐压液舱结构系统可靠性分析的算例表明，该法有效地解决了复杂工程结构的系统可靠度计算问题。     

基于广义切线模量理论的铝合金加筋板结构轴压极限强度分析

研究铝合金加筋板结构的极限强度,有利于充分发挥铝合金材料的强度潜力和结构的后屈曲承载能力。本文将广义切线模量理论应用于铝合金加筋板结构的轴压极限强度计算,并推导了适用于加筋板的协调参数、极限弯矩系数及结构系数等相关参数的解析算式,建立了铝合金加筋板结构的强度利用率函数,从而得到结构的极限强度,进一步完善了广义切线模量理论在加筋板结构极限强度研究领域的应用。通过将广义切线模量法计算结果与经验公式、有限元计算结果进行比较,验证了其适用性与可靠性,可用于工程分析计算。     

潜水器耐压结构可靠性计算及衡准

提出了一种潜艇及可潜器耐压结构可靠性分析计算方法。通过遗传算法直接搜索最大失效概率设计验算点的方法,来获得结构的可靠度值。开发出了实用计算程序。数值计算表明该方法有良好的通用性、收敛性和数值稳定性。分析讨论了各类随机变量变异系数对可靠性的影响。用与确定性设计计算规则所给出的安全性衡准相对比的方法,换算出可靠性分析中结构所对应的可靠性指标值,作为建立可靠性衡准的依据。     

带框架肋骨的环肋圆柱壳的总体弹性屈曲

求解带肋圆柱壳屈曲压力的方法有很多,至今为止大部分人都把目光集中到了以电能量法来求解,因为用其它方法计算加强圆柱壳的屈曲压力是非常困难的.解决大圆柱壳大分舱结构的一个关键问题是求解带框架肋骨的环肋圆柱壳的总体屈曲.为此,提出一种计算带框架肋骨的环肋大圆柱壳总体弹性屈曲能量的方法.     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.     

船舶电站冗余系统可靠性建模与分析

为解决船舶电站冗余系统的可靠性计算问题,从船舶电站冗余系统主要冗余方式的基本模型出发,提出了基于马尔柯夫过程的船舶电站冗余系统可靠性分析方法,建立了船舶电站冗余系统的可靠性数学模型,从而推导出船舶电站冗余系统的可靠度与平均无故障工作时间,为船舶电站冗余设计提供重要理论依据。所述基本思想及结论不但适用于船舶电站冗余系统,对其它形式的电站系统也有参考价值。     

环肋圆柱壳在水下爆炸冲击下的响应

针对水下非接触爆炸问题过程复杂、计算速度慢的问题,本文以一环肋圆柱壳为例,基于以内嵌的水下爆炸载荷计算方法和声-结构耦合方法为关键技术的水下爆炸分析法(AUA),对其水下爆炸冲击下的响应进行了分析。结果发现,壳板厚度对圆柱壳的水下非接触爆炸响应有较为显著的影响,随着壳板厚度的增加,环肋圆柱壳最大位移减小的幅度逐渐变小。在爆炸初期爆距对环肋圆柱壳冲击响应的影响不大,随时间的推移这种影响逐渐增大,环肋圆柱壳各测点变形随爆距的增大线性减小;当肋骨间距大于0.25倍环肋圆柱壳长时,环肋圆柱壳最大变形量可减小90%;继续减小肋骨间距,环肋圆柱壳最大变形减少量并不明显,说明肋骨对其附近测点和中间的板壳起到了显著的加强作用,肋骨间距为0.25倍环肋圆柱壳长时为最经济的肋骨布置方式。     

加筋圆柱壳结构振动与辐射噪声关系分析

采用传递函数法和声传递矢量(ATV)得到了加筋圆柱壳从结构测点加速度到声场测点声压的声辐射传递函数,以及结构测点加速度到辐射声功率之间的传递函数。通过对两个加筋圆柱壳结构的振动与辐射噪声关系的数值分析,讨论了结构测点加速度与辐射噪声之间的相互关系,结果表明结构测点加速度与辐射声功率和辐射声压之间并非单调关系。     

Integrated reliability and sizing optimization of a large composite structure

In this paper, we present the application of probabilistic design modeling and reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) methodology to the sizing optimization of a composite advanced submarine sail structure under parametric uncertainty. With the help of probabilistic sensitivity analysis, the influence of individual random variables on each structural failure mode is examined, and the critical modes are treated as probabilistic design constraints under consistent lower bounds on the corresponding reliability indices. Whereas the failure modes are evaluated for structural components in the solution of the RBDO problem, the overall system reliability is also evaluated as a post-optimization step. The results indicate that in comparison to a deterministic-optimum design, the structural mass of the probabilistic optimum design is slightly higher when consistent probabilistic constraints are imposed, and the overall structural stiffness is found to be more critical than individual component laminate ply thicknesses in meeting the specified design constraints. Moreover, the post-optimality analysis shows that the overall system failure probability of the probabilistic optimum design is more than 50% lower than that of the deterministic optimal design with less than 5% penalty in structural mass.     

潜水器载人舱的不确定性测度计算方法研究

本文研究状态函数中存在概率数和证据数的混合状态下的系统不确定性分析方法问题,用于解决在产品实现过程中部分信息的认知不足。传统概率分析方法无法建立认知不确定信息模型,无法反映产品在实现过程中不确定性影响的问题。本文将证据理论不确定度分析方法融入传统JC算法,在计算随机变量迭代时开展认知变量极值计算,进而可以处理随机和认知不确定性变量同时存在时的混合不确定性问题。本文建立了4500 m载人潜水器载人舱不确定度分析模型,基于改进JC算法计算得到载人舱失效似然性测度和失效可信性测度值,同时采用实验设计法对影响载人舱不确定性测度的因素进行分析,分析表明测度影响较大的因素是真球度和极限拉伸强度,测度对真球度和厚度两个因素的单位数量变化比较敏感。