Results so far and prospects of Kazakhstan passenger rail franchising

From 1991 till 2004 passenger rail transportation in Kazakhstan was organized by a public company without financial contribution from the state budget. As in any post-Soviet country losses from passenger sector in the integrated rail company were covered at the expense of the freight transportations. From 2005 the Government is trying to introduce competition in passenger rail industry by competitive tendering rights to operate on particular route and providing subsidies.This paper reviews the Kazakhstan passenger rail franchising policy from statement and implementation with analysis of results so far. To get sense about the current policy’s perception survey among managers of the government bodies and railway companies had been performed. It indicates respondents’ opinion about main concerns and suggestions for improvement in passenger rail industry. According to provided analysis there are opportunities for improvements in operation of public and private companies as well as in the Government policy.     

A Bayesian model to assess rail track geometry degradation through its life-cycle

One of the major drawbacks in rail track investments is the high level of uncertainty in maintenance, renewal and unavailability costs for the Infrastructure Managers (IM) during the life-cycle of the infrastructure. Above all, rail track geometry degradation is responsible for the greatest part of railway infrastructure maintenance costs. Some approaches have been tried to control the uncertainty associated with rail track geometry degradation at the design stage, though little progress has improved the investors' confidence. Moreover, many studies on rail track life-cycle cost modelling tend to forget the dynamic perspective in uncertainty assessments and do not quantify the expected reduction of the uncertainty associated with degradation parameters as more inspection data is collected after operation starts.     

A comparison of rail liberalisation levels across four European countries

This paper presents the results of a research into railway regulation and liberalisation in Italy, France, Germany and Spain. The analysis covers the relationship between the State and the rail companies, network access conditions by operators, slot allocating and pricing schemes and how public service obligations are defined, financed and regulated.     

铝热焊接技术在曹妃甸通用码头钢轨焊接中的应用

铝热焊接技术作为钢轨无缝连接的重要技术之一,具有设备简单、操作方便、快速高效等特点,目前在铁路上已被广泛采用.然而在港口工程的钢轨焊接中,应用铝热焊接技术的工程实例并不多.结合曹妃甸通用码头二期工程中的钢轨焊接施工,介绍铝热焊接技术的基本原理,施工工艺流程和效果,说明该工艺的先进性及可操作性,供类似施工参考.     

Comparing operator and users costs of light rail, heavy rail and bus rapid transit over a radial public transport network

A model to compare three alternative forms of public transport - light rail, heavy rail and bus rapid transit - is developed for an urban network with radial lines emanating from the borders to the city centre. The theoretical framework assumes an operation aimed at minimising the total cost associated with public transport service provision, which encompasses both operator and users costs. The decision variables are the number of lines (network density) and the frequency per period for each mode. This approach has no prejudices a priori in respect of whether a specified delivery scenario is aligned with existing modal reputation. Rather, we establish the conditions under which a specific transit mode should be preferred to another in terms of the operator (supply) and user (demand) side offerings. The model is applied using data from Australian cities, suggesting that in most of the scenarios analysed a high standard bus service is the most cost-effective mode, because it provides lower operator costs (infrastructure, rolling stock and operating cost), access time costs (due to a larger number of lines) and waiting time cost (due to larger frequencies of operation). A rail mode, such as light rail or heavy rail, may have a lower total cost only if it is able to run faster than bus rapid transit, and the difference in speed is enough to outweigh the bus advantage on operator cost and access and waiting times.     

港口系统设备钢轨连接技术

港口系统设备一般外型尺寸和质量较大，多采用截面积较大的起重机钢轨作为行走轨道。根据港口系统设备使用特点和工程施工现场条件，结合码头和堆场结构，借鉴轻轨和重轨的无缝连接技术，对各种焊接工艺进行比较，分析钢轨的材料组成和焊接过程内部组织变化，推荐一种保证设备使用安全和操作人员舒适度、连接质量稳定、便于维护、操作简便、满足港口系统设备钢轨安装现场要求的连接方法和工艺,有助于实现工期目标，可推广应用于矿山、港口、电厂、码头及堆场等大质量机车或起重设备的钢轨连接。     

Private sector involvement in urban rail: Experience and lessons from South East Asia

Various models for competition and ownership of urban rail systems have been used in South East Asia cities since the early 1990s. The paper reviews and classifies the approaches used in Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Manila and Singapore. The planning, financing, procurement, implementation and operation of these systems, and the institutional context for them, are examined. All of the systems that have used private sector finance for the development of the initial systems have faced financial problems. Optimism bias in demand forecasts and unrealistic expectations for cost recovery of capital intensive systems have been contributing factors. Lessons to be learned include the importance of clear government leadership and sound institutional arrangements, and the need for improved understanding of the best manner in which the private sector can be used to achieve efficient and effective rail projects.     

Impacts of increased rail infrastructure charges in Sweden

The impacts of the already decided increase in rail infrastructure charges in Sweden are described for various market segments within the rail transport system and on the aggregate level for society as a whole. The need for complementary measures in the road transport system is also discussed. Likewise, the paper also mentions the impact of increased rail infrastructure charges on certain significant industrial sectors. An increase in rail charges may reduce social welfare even though the reduction in rail transport mileage is small. This is mainly due to large non-internalised absolute externalities for road freight. For commuter trains, the infrastructure charges' share of the costs of rail transport is expected to rise to 13 percent, which in an international perspective still will be small.     

新型交通工具在交通运输中的应用进展和展望

为了应对快速城镇化发展中的城市交通问题,城市新型交通工具发展迅速。文中综述了国内外11种新型交通工具的关键技术和特性,包括城市轨道交通、地面交通及航空交通,考察新型交通工具在公路、铁路、航空等不同模式下的具体应用,并从资源环境约束、技术经济性能、系统服务性能、产业发展潜力等方面讨论新型交通工具的发展态势。提出多模式一体化综合交通系统发展的关键特征在于共享、畅达、绿色、公平。     

复杂地基条件下轨道基础的研究及应用

重庆主城港区东港作业区一期工程陆域场区采用开挖和回填形成,最大回填厚度达32 m,场地地基条件复杂。堆场轨道基础在回填区域采用现浇U型轨道板基础,通过调整轨枕满足使用要求;在开挖区域采用无渣轨道板基础,使门 机运行稳定,节省投资。     

黄骅港综合港区及散货港区铁路规划探讨

港口铁路规划既要考虑铁路相关因素,同时需要结合港口自身特点,从立足于港口、服务于港口的角度出发,统筹兼顾各项因素。本文通过对黄骅港综合港区及散货港区铁路规划的分析总结,得出港口铁路规划中的一些建议。     

The role for rail in port-based container freight flows in Britain

As supply chains become increasingly global and companies seek greater efficiencies, the importance of good, reliable land-based transport linkages to/from ports increases. This poses particular problems for the UK, with its high dependency on imported goods and congested ports and inland routes. It is conservatively estimated that container volumes through British ports will double over the next 20 years, adding to the existing problems. This paper investigates the potential for rail to become better integrated into port-based container flows, so as to increase its share of this market and contribute to a more sustainable mode split. It identifies the trends in container traffic through UK ports, establishes the role of rail within this market, and assesses the opportunities and threats facing rail in the future. The analysis combines published statistics and other information relating to container traffic and original research on the nature of the rail freight market, examining recent trends and future prospects. The paper concludes that this is an important market for rail, with considerable growth potential but to realize this it is important that a number of constraints are overcome, otherwise the long-term prospects for this rail market will be compromised.     

一种专为软土基础设计的大车运行机构

分析研究一种专门为软土基础设计的斗轮堆取料机的大车运行机构的设计特点 :门架支承按静定系统设计 ,采用侧向正三角形布置的 3组平衡梁台车来支承 ,大平衡梁与门架的连接 ,固定侧采用竖直锥形叉销 ,浮动侧采用柔性的氯丁橡胶轴承。在轨距偏差、局部直线度偏差、左右轨高差、局部坡度较大时 ,该机仍能安全运行     

The role for rail in port-based container freight flows in Britain

As supply chains become increasingly global and companies seek greater efficiencies, the importance of good, reliable land-based transport linkages to/from ports increases. This poses particular problems for the UK, with its high dependency on imported goods and congested ports and inland routes. It is conservatively estimated that container volumes through British ports will double over the next 20 years, adding to the existing problems. This paper investigates the potential for rail to become better integrated into port-based container flows, so as to increase its share of this market and contribute to a more sustainable mode split. It identifies the trends in container traffic through UK ports, establishes the role of rail within this market, and assesses the opportunities and threats facing rail in the future. The analysis combines published statistics and other information relating to container traffic and original research on the nature of the rail freight market, examining recent trends and future prospects. The paper concludes that this is an important market for rail, with considerable growth potential but to realize this it is important that a number of constraints are overcome, otherwise the long-term prospects for this rail market will be compromised.     

船用电控柴油机伺服油共轨系统仿真

为分析电控柴油机伺服油共轨系统的动态性能和不同参数对系统性能的影响,以瓦锡兰RT-flex60C船舶柴油机伺服油共轨系统为对象,研究伺服油轨系统的结构特点和工作原理。建立系统主要部件的数学模型,采用SIMULINK仿真软件对伺服油共轨系统进行仿真,通过仿真实验分析伺服油泵转速、收集器和共轨容积、柴油机负荷对伺服共轨管压力波动产生的影响,分析得出收集器和伺服共轨容积对轨压有比较大的影响,因此建议在满足柴油机工作性能的基础上,选用较大的收集器容积或分段式伺服共轨管。     

RT-flex58T-B船用电控柴油机的性能优化

文章介绍了RT-flex58T-B低速船用电控柴油机共轨系统控制原理,与传统的RTA58柴油机主要技术性能指标进行了比较,概述了降低NOx排放的措施,详细地阐述了利用共轨系统控制燃油喷射过程,优化了RT-flex58T-B柴油机各项性能指标,使之更加高效可靠、经济、低排放运行。     

船用柴油机高压共轨系统动态特性研究Ⅱ

从系统层面通过试验与计算相结合的方法开展研究,以改善船用柴油机共轨系统燃油的压力波动,减少各缸喷射过程的互相干扰为目标.对整体式共轨燃油系统开展试验研究,揭示了影响共轨压力波动的主要因素,并指出该系统结构在船用柴油机应用上的局限性.对分布式共轨燃油系统开展仿真分析,并与整体式系统进行比较,研究表明,分布式共轨系统可明显改善系统动态性能,代表了未来船用柴油机共轨系统的发展趋势.     

LNG电控共轨燃料供给系统中喷油器的数值模拟

通过AMESim软件中自带的液力、机械和电磁模块,对LNG电控共轨燃料供给系统中的喷油器进行建模,在所建立的喷油器模拟模型中,通过改变单一变量的方法,着重对不同的控制腔出油孔与进油孔、轨压、喷油孔径和顶杆直径进行了模拟计算,得出了其规律性的结论,为LNG电控共轨燃料供给系统中喷油器的设计提供指导意义和方案。     

自动化轨道吊门腿形式对轨道运行公差的适应性

针对自动化轨道吊"双刚腿"和"一刚一柔"两种门腿形式,根据技术参数和计算工况,分析在不同轨道运行公差情况下的适应性,并结合2种门腿形式轨道吊的运行案例,提出对堆场基础沉降导致轨道变形的敏感性,为码头建设单位轨道吊选型提供参考。     

A review of passenger rail franchising in Britain: 1996/1997-2006/2007

This paper reviews 10 years of passenger rail franchising in Great Britain and highlights problems in three areas: the tension between commercial and social objectives; the presence of risks and uncertainty; and vulnerability to strategic behaviour such as low-balling, chiselling and back loading. It concludes that franchising has had some good features (such as the high level of competitive pressure) but also some bad features (such as a high rate of franchise failures). In addition, an ugly feature of franchising is the scope for strategic behaviour. Further reform is suggested based on a distinction between commercial and social franchises.