桥梁建设与水路运输应协调发展

在交通基础设施建设飞速发展的背景下，桥梁建设尤其是跨航道的桥梁建设，与航运的矛盾越来越突出。目前已有《内河通航标准》和《通航海轮桥梁通航标准》作为设计论证的依据。笔者对桥梁建设中通航论证问题进行了探讨，以期做到桥梁建设与水路运输协调发展。     

桥梁通航安全影响论证中的常见问题及其处理方法

在桥梁通航安全影响论证中,桥梁选址、通航净空尺度及桥跨布置是最重要的论证内容。在桥梁通航安全影响论证时,经常因对引用的标准产生理解偏差,从而得出不同的论证结论。根据多年参与桥梁通航论证研究报告编写、审查以及编制相关技术标准和规定的体会,对目前桥梁通航安全影响论证中常见的安全距离计算、设计最高通航水位确定、桥梁通航净空宽度的确定以及通航孔的桥跨及桥墩布置等问题进行了分析,并在解读现行技术标准的基础上,结合实际案例,提出了相应的处理方法。其基本原则为:既遵守国家有关技术标准和规定,又不生搬硬套。在满足代表船型的船舶或船队通航安全的前提下,需要根据桥梁跨越航道的具体情况具体对待。     

桥区通航问题及对策研究综述

从桥梁布设原则、通航河流上桥梁建设论证的内容、通航条件的研究、桥梁碍航原因、桥梁碍航问题的处理方法、通航孔跨度的确定等方面对桥区航道问题及整治技术研究现状进行了归纳和总结,并提出了进一步研究的方向。     

苏通大桥船舶通航标准论证方法

建立了船舶在各种风、流环境条件下,上、下行所需通航宽度的数学模型,利用该模型论证桥梁净宽尺度的合理性,从而为过江桥梁的桥墩优化及轴线布置、确定桥梁通航净宽、分析桥梁的通航能力、分析计算桥墩防撞能力、及建桥后桥区水域的航路规划等提供依据。     

弯曲分汊河段桥区通航水流条件及通航孔调整净宽分析*

建设于弯道、分汊的通航环境复杂河段的老旧桥梁在部分水情下海事安全风险较高。为研究调整通航孔对提高此类老旧桥梁通航安全性的作用,以赣江丰城公路大桥为例,建立全长14.7 km的二维水流数学模型,对下游龙头山航电枢纽运行前后洪、中、枯各级流量下河道水流特性、桥孔内和桥区通航水流条件进行计算与分析,并按照规范方法论证桥梁净宽尺度及其调整的可行性。研究成果可为类似弯曲分汊河段老旧桥梁通航环境改善提供借鉴。     

船舶操纵模拟器在桥梁/船闸通航方案论证中的应用

探讨运用船舶操纵模拟器进行通航方案论证的方法，结合内河水域桥梁／船闸通航方案中进行试验，通过模拟不同环境因素对通航安全的影响，分析模拟试验的结果，提出提高通航安全的建议。     

船舶操纵运动数值模拟在桥梁通航孔布设中的应用研究*

布设于通航水域中的桥墩可能会对桥区河段通航安全产生较大影响,因此对桥位河段的通航情况及通航净空尺度展开分析研究十分必要。目前，桥梁的通航论证研究主要包括水流流速、流向、通航净空高度和和通航净空宽度，而对代表船舶通过设计通航孔时的船舶航行姿态研究甚少。在平面二维水流数学模型基础上，开发建立船舶操纵运动数学模型，通过模拟计算代表船舶通过桥区的航行姿态和航行参数，包括艏向角、舵角、漂角及航速等，结果表明可较好模拟在不同水文组合条件和不同通航孔条件下，船舶通过桥区水域的操控及航行条件。     

非优良建桥河段通航论证

通过总结已建桥梁对通航的影响,对跨河桥梁建设的现状进行了分析,提出了影响桥区安全通航的主要因素。其中最重要的是水流情况,其次是风、水深和航道宽度及通航孔净宽。将研究结论应用于松陶铁路第二松花江特大桥的通航论证工作中,对该桥的结构、航线选择进行了论证优化,为桥梁建设提供了合理建议。     

《内河通航标准》中相邻桥梁间距规定要求的探讨*

近年来,桥梁选址与《内河通航标准》5.1.2条关于相邻水上过河建筑物轴线间距要求的矛盾日益凸显。针对该问题,以襄阳—荆门高速铁路宜城汉江大桥为例,在分析桥位河段河道变化、航道维护、水流条件、船舶通航密度等建设条件的基础上,开展了船舶通航仿真模拟试验。结果表明：在满足船舶航行和桥梁安全前提下,可根据桥址河段建设条件和通航孔布置情况适当调整相邻桥梁间距要求。论证了《内河通航标准》中相邻水上过河建筑物轴线间距规定要求存在的局限性,提出了对其修订的建议。     

广西地区主要通航河流跨河建筑物通航净空尺度及技术标准研究

为获得广西地区Ⅴ-Ⅲ级航道提升到Ⅰ级航道后,跨河建筑物最优通航净空,在系统调查、统计和分析广西内河规划为Ⅰ级Ⅱ级航道的跨河桥梁通航净空尺度的基础上,结合广西沿江城市规划布局、河流特性以及现有桥梁等条件限制,提出广西Ⅰ级Ⅱ级航道跨河桥梁通航净高尺度论证应遵循的原则;随后通过对现有船型、通航规定和河流水文特征分析,提出了满足船舶安全通过的Ⅰ级Ⅱ级航道跨河桥梁通航净高尺度标准。进而探讨了跨河桥梁通航净空高度的合理性及其相关防护措施。     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.