船舶避让行动的核查与评价

本文就<1972年国际海上避碰规则>第八条"避免碰撞的行动"第四款的要求,讨论了"避让行动的有效性"的适用、含义与判断,提出避碰决策中避让行动的核查与评价的方法.     

对“不妨碍”规定的一点认识

此文阐述《国际海上避碰规则》中的“不妨碍”与“让路”或“避让”的区别，并对我国《内河避碰规则》的相关条款提出修改意见。     

基于船舶碰撞点分析模式的避碰决策优化原则

一次成功的避碰取决于相关避碰信息的采集和处理。此文阐述了船舶动态信息中碰撞点的分析方法和确定原理，论述了船舶碰撞点与碰决策的关系及其在避让行动中的作用，并确定了相应的“量化”值，其结论既可用于“智能避碰”，亦可在“经典避碰”中被广大驾驶员加以借用。     

谈船舶避碰操纵中的早让、宽让

国际海上避碰规则第八条“避免碰撞的行动”中明确规定，船舶采取避让措施应及早地、大幅度地进行，并能导致在安全距离上通过。可见导致两船在安全距离上通过是国际避碰规则的目的，也是规则要求船舶应及早地、大幅度地采取避让措施所追寻的结果。从这个意义上讲，早让、宽让只有最低限制，而这个最低限制就是能使两船在安全距离通过，也就是说能导致两船在安全距离上通过的最迟采取避让行动的时机和采取行动的最小幅度。但是这个早、宽的程度应如何去掌握，如何去量化，它和安全航速、瞭望条款一样，让所有发生碰撞事故的当事船舶都逃不出这几个条款的责任。同时也给碰撞事故的处理带来了很多难以恰如其分的公平判决。     

"协议避让"的危害性

在诸多船舶间的避让行动中，有时发生忽视避碰规则的避让原则，凭“感觉”、“协议”进行避让的现象，从而造成了不少紧迫局面和碰撞事故，其危害性不言而喻。本文从以下几个方面对“协议避让”的危害性进行分析和探索。     

允许直航船独自行动的时机

分析《１９７２年国际海上避碰规则》英语原文和避让行动协调的重要性等方面，可以看出，允许直航船独自行动的时机是：当让路船没有产遵照《规则》的条款“正在”采取适当行动时。     

浅谈海上避碰操作中VHF协议背离规则的作用

海上避碰操纵中,使用VHF协助避碰的趋势愈演愈烈,甚至有取代避碰规则之嫌,然而科技的运用往往存在其副作用,科技的高速发展与国际规则的相对稳定滞后存在不可调和的矛盾。文中就使用VHF协议背离规则进行避让的合法性、合理性做相关阐述,并提出个人建议。     

容易错误理解避碰规则的几种情况

在船舶避让行动中很多驾驶员会错误地理解避碰规则,违背《1972年国际海上避碰规则》的要求,致使船舶间构成紧迫局面,甚至碰撞。详述容易错误理解避碰规则的几种情况,供驾驶员参考。     

《避碰规则》中“地效船”条款探讨

通过对《避碰规则》中“地效船”相关条款的研究和探讨,提出和明确“地效船”与其他船舶相遇时的避让责任,并对《避碰规则》提出修改建议。     

船舶间的协议避碰

当船舶双方存在特殊的碰撞危险时,往往通过达成临时的避碰协议,确保船舶安全避让。由于协议避碰大量存在,建议认真探讨避碰协议的法律性质、取证方法和注意事项,尽快明确避碰协议的法律地位。     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

正~~     

第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.