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《综合运输》2018,(1)
民航运输业作为满足居民安全、便捷、高效、绿色出行的交通运输方式,推动民航业供给与人口布局需求均衡发展是实现民航业供给侧改革的重要突破口。本文选择2003~2015年中国机场旅客吞吐量和人口数据,利用泰尔指数对中国民航业发展与人口布局的均衡情况进行了测度,并利用分解泰尔指数对造成二者不均衡发展的原因进行了深入分析。实证研究结果表明,2003~2015年中国民航业发展与我国人口总体布局均衡程度日益提高,但不均衡程度依然较大。进一步地,分解泰尔指数显示我国民航七大地区内民航业发展与人口布局的不均衡是造成全国层面二者不均衡的主要原因,因此在促进全国民航事业整体发展的同时,加大我国民航七大区域内部民航业发展与人口布局的均衡协调是未来我国民航业供给侧改革的重要方向。 相似文献
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本文系统梳理我国民航节业能减排现状,分析国际民航业节能减排形势,研判近年来该领域重大事件和主要政策走向,评估其对我国民航业发展的综合影响,并对中国民航如何积极应对挑战给出相关建议。 相似文献
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欧盟国际航空市场开放的启示 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
<正>随着欧盟经济一体化的深入以及美国民航业客货放松管制示范效应的影响,欧盟民航业在20世纪80年代中后期开始了规制改革。欧盟民航业的规制改革采取了非常不同于美国的模式,对中国民航业的国际开放具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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加入世界贸易组织是我国顺应经济全球化、一体化潮流,在深层次上进一步扩大对外开放的重大举措。它将给正处于初步发展阶段的民航业带来机遇与前所未有的竞争压力。入世对山东民航业可能产生的机遇与挑战(一) 加入世界贸易组织后,山东民航业将面临如下四个方面的发展机遇。1、 入世后,由于市场的进一步开放及经济活动的日益活跃和频繁,投资与消费能力增强,相应地对民用航空运输的需求会不断增大。据有关方面测算,与入世前相比,在我国加入世界贸易组织的各项承诺完成实现后,GDP将在每年提高1.5个百分点,即2000亿元左右,同时每… 相似文献
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乌克兰危机通过关闭领空、暂停航班、飞机和零部件出售受限等制裁措施对全球民航业带来持续性影响。我国民航服务供需受到冲击,航班安全运行及空管压力骤增、航材保障难度增加、航司发展困境仍将持续。为有效应对乌克兰危机,迫切需要在增强航空运力、提升空管服务效率、增强民航制造业自主可控水平、纾解航司运营困境等方面发力,进一步提升民航业发展质量和韧性。 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress. 相似文献
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天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本. 相似文献
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介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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《Transportation Research Part A: General》1991,25(6):407-418
The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda. 相似文献
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Joseph N. Prashker 《Transportation》1979,8(4):329-346
Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area. 相似文献