集装箱空箱海上调运问题研究

文中介绍了海运集装箱空箱调运的产生的原因。从目前航运界的空箱调运管理情况入手,提出了改善海运集装箱空箱调运问题的理论方法,为航运企业在空箱调运的管理上,采取合理、经济的策略提供了一定的参考依据。     

军用集装箱空箱调运管理

在深入分析军用集装箱空箱调运必要性的基础上,论述了空箱调运管理的主要内容,提出了如何建立军用集装箱箱调运管理体制。     

空箱调运和租箱决策

空箱调运是集装箱管理中的突出问题，对集装箱运输经济效益具有深远影响。集装箱班轮公司空箱调运水平的高低，直接影响到班轮公司的航线配备箱量、租箱量等，因而也直接关系到其集装箱的运输成本。合理的空箱调运可以使班轮公司降低航线需备箱量和租箱量。目前，全世界海上集装箱运量的近20％为空箱调运量，空箱调运费用之高令人吃惊。仅美国每年因空箱调运而产生的港口费用就高达15亿美元。再考虑装卸费用、堆存费用、拖运费用等则高达35亿美元。     

空箱调运优化策略

正空箱调运是影响集装箱运输的重要环节之一。[1]据估计,全球空箱调运量约占集装箱总运量的20%,部分船公司的空箱调运量甚至超过其集装箱总运量的20%。[2]Alphaliner公司的统计数据显示,2017年全球船公司盈利总额约100亿美元,而空箱调运成本高达68亿美元。空箱调运成本高企已逐渐成为制约集装箱运输发展的重要因素。在此背景下,研究如何减少空箱调运量及降低空箱调运成本具有重要的现实意义。     

港口参与的空箱调运新模式及其评价

在阐述集装箱空箱周转流程与探讨空箱调运影响因素及其经济性与服务性指标的基础上,着重分析了现行空箱调运模式及其存在的问题,提出了基于港口的空箱调运新模式,并从空箱调运的经济性和服务性两方面对新模式进行了比较与实证研究。结果表明所提出的集装箱港口的主动参与的空箱调运新模式,不论从经济性还是从服务性方面均优于原有的被动参与模式。     

集装箱空箱调运分析

1 问题的提出 近几年集装箱运输迅猛发展,船公司集装箱调运管理中亟需解决的主要问题是空箱的调运问题.集装箱周转必须经过拆装过程,装箱和拆箱通常发生在不同的地点,因此每天均有大量空箱从集装箱充足的地区调拔至集装箱匮乏地区.低效的空箱调运管理不但浪费大量的空箱资源,同时也使得相关成本急剧上升,对集装箱运输经济效益具有深远的影响.集装箱班轮公司空箱调运水平的高低直接影响到船公司的航线配备箱量、租箱量等,因而直接关系其集装箱运输成本.     

集装箱空箱调运策略

分别从枢纽港地位、船公司与租箱公司及集装箱制造厂的合作，、集装箱的选择、多式样联运，集装箱管理信息系统、政策支持等方面研究有利于集装箱空箱调运的策略，帮助船公司提高空箱调运效率，降低调运费用。     

降低海运集装箱空箱调运成本的对策

随着集装箱运输业持续快速发展,海运集装箱空箱调运问题日益受到关注。从成本来看,近年来集装箱管理成本已成为班轮公司各项营运成本中的第二大成本项目,约占班轮公司总成本的1/5,其中空箱调运成本约占集装箱管理成本的1/4;从运量来看,全球空箱运量居高不下,约占集装箱总运量     

基于水陆联运的铁路集装箱空箱调运策略

分析铁路集装箱空箱调运产生的原因及其对铁路货物运输业务的影响,针对我国铁路运能紧张的现状。提出以水陆联运方式进行铁路集装箱空箱调运的策略。     

海运空箱调运模糊优化研究

介绍应用模糊规划的方法研究海运集装箱空箱调运问题,模型以空箱调运和租借费用最小为目标函数,考虑空箱供给能力、空箱需求量和空箱运输容量限制等条件,并考虑到空箱需求量是模糊数时的情况。     

A slot reallocation model for containership schedule adjustment

Ship slot capacity is the main sale resource of container shipping lines. However, shipping lines often encounter situations, such as serious ship delays, that require adjustments of shipping schedules, causing the original delivery plans of some consignments to be altered. This study proposes an integer programming model for slot reallocation planning, based on a given adjusted schedule. Decisions regarding empty container repositioning are also examined. This model aims to maximise a company’s benefits from deliveries of consignments and movements of empty containers. Available slots are subject to port rotation changes, allowable port handlings and ship capacity. A case study of a deep ocean loop demonstrates optimal slot reallocation, and empty container repositioning is used for illustrative purposes. The reallocation characteristics due to benefit items and the model’s applicability to large-scale examples are discussed.     

Empty container repositioning in liner shipping1

The efficient and effective management of empty containers is an important problem in the shipping industry. Not only does it have an economic effect, but it also has an environmental and sustainability impact, since the reduction of empty container movements will reduce fuel consumption and reduce congestion and emissions. The purposes of this paper are: to identify critical factors that affect empty container movements; to quantify the scale of empty container repositioning in major shipping routes; and to evaluate and contrast different strategies that shipping lines, and container operators, could adopt to reduce their empty container repositioning costs. The critical factors that affect empty container repositioning are identified through a review of the literature and observations of industrial practice. Taking three major routes (Trans-Pacific, Trans-Atlantic, Europe–Asia) as examples, with the assumption that trade demands could be balanced among the whole network regardless the identities of individual shipping lines, the most optimistic estimation of empty container movements can be calculated. This quantifies the scale of the empty repositioning problem. Depending on whether shipping lines are coordinating the container flows over different routes and whether they are willing to share container fleets, four strategies for empty container repositioning are presented. Mathematical programming is then applied to evaluate and contrast the performance of these strategies in three major routes.     

Foldable container in empty container repositioning in intermodal transportation network of Belt and Road Initiative: strengths and limitations

In 2013, the concept of the ‘Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road (Belt and Road)’ was initiated by the Chinese government, which involves Asian, European and African continents and their adjacent seas. Logistics plays a core role in such a large framework of economy and trade. In recent years, China, European Union, and Southeast Asia pay much attention to the design and development of the intermodal transportation network towards both economic and environmental efficiency. In this paper, we propose an empty container repositioning model in the intermodal transportation network of Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative by considering both standard and foldable containers. In this model, empty containers are repositioned from the inland of the original area, such as China, to other areas of B&R Initiative related countries and regions, such as European Union and Southeast Asia. We develop a mixed integer linear programming model to determine the optimal repositioning of empty containers via the intermodal transportation network. An Artificial Bee Colony algorithm is developed to solve large size problems in practice and numerical experiments are conducted to show the efficiency of our proposed algorithm. We provide managerial insights regarding the impact on the network performance of foldable containers transportation.     

四卷筒轻型RMG及其在空箱堆场中的应用

根据集装箱堆场空箱堆取作业的特点，提出了一种四卷筒轻型空箱RMG的方案，对其关键技术进行研究。目前该机型已用于空箱堆场作业，其适应性强、性价比高，特别适合于专业空箱堆场和中小码头应用。     

具有空箱调运需求的海运集装箱超订模型

将集装箱船的运输能力没为离散型随机变量,考虑空箱调运需求,在晕箱舱位和空箱舱位同时存在超订的情况下建立了极小化期望总成本的海运集装箱超订模型.设计遗传算法对该模型进行了求解.当仅考虑重箱舱位的超订且重箱出现比率为均匀分布的随机变量时,证明了模型最优解的唯一性.算例表明r所提出方法的有效性.     

Reposition of empty containers of different life stages integrated with liner shipping network design

ABSTRACT

This paper integrates empty container reposition with container shipping network design considering the container life stages. A mixed-integer linear programming model is built to determine the liner shipping network, the initial launch ports of new containers, the ports for scrapping obsolete containers, the empty container reposition scheme and the containers of different life stages being used for a specific voyage. A case study is done by taking liner shipping among China, Japan and South Korea, Southeast Asia, Europe and the US as an example. The results show that over 93% of new containers are put into use in China while 63% of old containers are scrapped in Europe or the US, and 73% of containers used for packing cargoes from China to the US are those at the Decline Stage or the Exit Stage.     

集装箱空箱海上调运优化模型

应用线性规划的方法，从船舶公司的角度考虑海上空箱调运优化问题，建立调运优化模型；以调运费用，装、卸箱费用和租箱费用最省为目标，同时考虑客户的需求，供给和运输能力的约束。     

集装箱码头空箱堆高机吊具的焊接修复技术

为解决空箱堆高机多年使用后,吊具钢结构磨损、开裂的问题,对吊具进行焊接修复。以卡尔玛DCE80-45E7空箱堆高机为例,阐述空箱堆高机的吊具锁头导程筒磨损和钢结构焊缝开裂的处理方法。该维修方法能在保证使用安全的提前下,大量节约维修成本。     

振动碾压与降水联合法在集装箱空箱堆场软基处理中的应用

结合上海港外高桥二期空箱堆场的地质条件和使用要求,提出振动碾压与降水联合的方法处理软地基,并采用土工格栅方法减小堆场地基的不均匀沉降,实际工程测试结果表明该方案能满足集装箱堆场自动化机械对场地沉降的要求。