二甲醚均质压燃燃烧的详细化学动力学模拟研究

采用由美国Lawrence Livermore国家实验室提出的二甲醚(DME)详细化学动力学反应机理及其开发的HCT化学动力学程序，对均质充量压缩着火(HCCI)发动机燃用DME的着火和燃烧过程进行了分析。为考虑壁面传热的影响，在HCT程序中增加了壁面传热子模型。采用该方法研究了燃空当量比、进气充量加热、发动机转速和EGR等因素对HCCI着火和燃烧的影响。结果表明，DME的HCCI燃烧过程有明显的低温反应放热和高温反应放热两阶段；增大燃空当量比、提高进气充量温度使着火提前；提高发动机转速和采用冷却EGR使着火滞后。     

HCCI燃烧技术的挑战与前景（下）

HCCI：Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition均质充量压缩着火,亦称可控自燃点火CAI：ControlledAuto Ignition。     

发动机可变气门技术的研究进展

介绍了国内外可变气门技术的发展状况。并根据气门控制参数的变化情况,对可变气门技术进行了详细的分类。结合目前典型的可变气门机构,对实现可变气门技术的途径进行了系统的阐述与评价。通过实例介绍了可变气门技术改善发动机性能及在实现汽油机均质充量压缩着火（HCCI）方面的应用。通过分析指出,叶片式可变凸轮轴相位机构是目前可行性较强的技术途径。     

柴油机HCCI燃烧的均质混合气制备

介绍了均质充量压缩着火燃烧的概念、优缺点及其良好的发展前途与当前面临的困难。分析了HCCI混合气制备的重要性，总结了柴油机HCCI混合气制备的典型方法和成功经验，并分析了混合气制备对HCCI燃烧排放、着火相位的控制以及功率输出的影响，探讨并展望了HCCI混合气制备的可能发展方向。     

二甲醚/甲醇混合燃料燃烧数值模拟研究

均质充量压缩着火燃烧(HCCI)技术的提出为内燃机的发展开辟了一种更为节能高效、绿色环保的新模式,着火性能差异较大的两种燃料掺混是实现均质混合压燃着火控制的有效方法。文章利用CHEMKIN化学反应动力学模拟软件对二甲醚(DME)/甲醇混合燃料均质混合压燃燃烧过程进行了数值模拟研究,重点分析了燃料掺混比、过量空气系数、发动机转速以及进气温度对HCCI发动机燃烧特性的影响规律。     

基于光谱测试的均质充量压缩着火燃烧的研究

介绍利用光谱测试方法对均质充量压缩着火（HCCI）的燃烧特性进行分析的实例。分析结果显示，一定波长的消光系数与低温氧化反应的活性程度有关，相关知识将对解释HCCI燃烧的机理有所帮助。     

二甲醚发动机HCCI燃烧的试验和数值模拟研究

结合详细化学反应动力学机理,采用单区模型计算了二甲醚发动机均质充量压缩燃烧过程中缸内压力、缸内温度、重要中间产物浓度、NOx 浓度等的变化,并将计算结果与试验结果进行了比较。结果表明,二甲醚均质充量压缩燃烧具有两阶段着火特性,着火时间、NOx 排放和缸内压力变化趋势预测准确。     

HCCI燃烧技术的挑战与前景(上)

未来欧VI之后,国内外专家普遍认为,汽车业将不再提升有毒物质排放标准,但将加严CO₂排放标准,亦即加严燃油消耗标准。均质充量压缩着火（HCCI:Homogeneous Charge Compression lgnition）燃烧技术——一种不用后处理就能完全解决汽车柴油机氮氧化物（NOx）和颗     

基于Chemkin的甲烷HCCI燃烧模拟研究

均质充量压缩点燃着火HCCI（Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition）作为内燃机新型燃烧方式。具有高效、低排放燃烧的巨大优势,为汽油机性能的提高提供了广阔前景。文中基于化学反应模拟软件Chemkin,利用九区模型模拟了甲烷的HCCI燃烧过程,分别讨论了进气压力、进气温度、压缩比和燃空当量比对甲烷HCCI燃烧的影响。     

均质充量压缩燃烧研究现状与存在的问题

为了实现发动机的清洁、高效燃烧,国内外科研工作者都将均质充量压缩燃烧(HCCI燃烧)作为柴油机研究的重点。文中介绍了均质充量压缩燃烧HCCI方式的基本概念,论述了HCCI当前的研究进展,分析了HCCI存在的问题,提出了解决问题的对策。这种燃烧方式具有较高的热效率、低NOX和PM排放。     

Effects of the fuel injection ratio on the emission and combustion performances of the partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion engine applied with the split injection method

Currently, due to the severity of world-wide air pollution by substances emitted from vehicles, emission control is being enforced more strictly, and it is expected that the regulation requirements for emission will become even more severe. A new concept combustion technology that can reduce the Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and PM in relation to combustion is urgently required. As a core combustion technology among new combustion technologies for the next generation engine, the homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is expanding its application range by adopting a multiple combustion mode, a catalyst, direct fuel injection and partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion using the split injection method. This paper used a split injection method in order to apply the partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion method without significantly altering engine specifications of the multiple combustion mode and practicality by referring to the results of studies on the HCCI engine. Furthermore, the effects of the ratio of the fuel injection amount on split injection are investigated. From the test results, the adequate combination of the ratio of the fuel injection amount for the split injection method has some benefit on exhaust and fuel economy performance in a naturally aspirated single cylinder diesel engine.     

Enhancement of NOx-PM trade-off in a diesel engine adopting bio-ethanol and EGR

For realizing a premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) engine, the effects of bio-ethanol blend oil and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on PM-NOx trade-off have been investigated in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine with the compression ratio of 17.8. In the present experiment, the ethanol blend ratio and the EGR ratio were varied focusing on ignition delay, premixed combustion, diffusive combustion, smoke, NOx and the thermal efficiency. Very low levels of 1.5 [g/kWh] NOx and 0.02 [g/kWh] PM, which is close to the 2009 emission standards imposed on heavy duty diesel engines in Japan, were achieved without deterioration of the thermal efficiency in the PCCI engine operated with the 50% ethanol blend fuel and the EGR ratio of 0.2. It is found that this improvement can be achieved by formation of the premixed charge condition resulting from a longer ignition delay. A marked increase in ignition delay is due to blending ethanol with low cetane number and large latent heat, and due to lowering in-cylinder gas temperature on compression stroke based on the EGR. It is noticed that smoke can be reduced even by increasing the EGR ratio under a highly premixed condition.     

柴油机预混合燃烧技术

介绍了近年来在柴油机上进行了一系列实现均质预混合燃烧技术的研究 ,包括预混稀薄狄塞尔燃烧系统 ,UNIBUS燃烧系统 ,均质充气压缩着火 (HCCI)燃烧系统 ,准均质预混合气充气压缩点燃 (QHCCI)燃烧系统 ,提出这些研究对于根本解决扩散燃烧的缺陷所具有的重要意义。     

均质压燃发动机研究开发新进展

介绍了HCCI燃烧节能和降排放的潜力及其产业化关键技术问题;阐述了HCCI发动机稳态工况下的着火燃烧控制方法、瞬态运行控制方法和数值模拟等方面的最新研究进展。可以看出,目前国际上HCCI产业化研究主要集中在汽油机和柴油机HCCI燃烧控制方面,包括燃烧诊断、燃烧模式切换和瞬态工况过渡。缸内直喷多段喷射是HCCI燃烧在车用发动机上应用更有前途和更具可行性的方式。HCCI发动机产业化进程将取决于快速可变配气系统和高质量燃油喷射系统等技术的进一步成熟和产业化成本。     

拓宽HCCI发动机运行区域的方法探讨

均质充量压缩燃烧(HCCI)技术由于其较高的燃油经济性和极低的NOx及PM排放越来越受到重视,但是由于HCCI模式发动机运行区域狭小,限制了其在实际中的应用。对限制HCCI发动机运行区域的因素进行了分析,并研究讨论了拓宽HCCI模式运行区域的方法,包括使用进气增压、提高压缩比、使用混合燃料和废气再循环(EGR)等,能在一定程度上拓宽HCCI发动机在高负荷或低负荷时的运行区域,使HCCI燃烧技术能在发动机高负荷和低负荷的工况下适用。     

RCCI发动机及相关基础研究

活性氛围分层压燃(RCCI)是面向压缩点火发动机的一种燃烧新技术,在能够维持压缩点火发动机高热效率的前提下实现氮氧化物(NO_x)与炭烟颗粒(PM)排放同时降低。回顾了RCCI燃烧理论的提出和发展历程,分析了发动机应用现状,提出了当前RCCI燃烧基础研究中亟需解决的关键问题。     

外部热EGR对基于优化动力技术的汽油HCCI燃烧的影响

考察了外部热EGR对基于优化动力技术的汽油HCCI发动机燃烧的影响。试验结果表明:外部热EGR可以推迟HCCI燃烧的着火时刻,减缓放热速率,但对于高辛烷值燃料的HCCI燃烧,它对更高EGR率的兼容能力不强,需要提高进气温度来提高燃烧的稳定性;随着EGR率的增加,燃烧持续期延长,缸内温度和压力峰值均减小,指示热效率也随着减小;NOx排放随着EGR率的增加在经过一个"拐点"后始终维持在一个较低的水平,而CO和HC的排放随着EGR率的增加显著增加,燃烧恶化。     

混合气分层对HCCI汽油机极限负荷和燃烧特性的影响

对比研究HCCI汽油机在不同空燃比下采用混合气分层策略时的极限负荷、NOx排放量和燃油经济性,考察了在此策略下过量空气系数λ和EGR率对HCCI发动机燃烧特性的影响。结果表明,混合气分层压缩燃烧模式能有效降低HCCI燃烧的压力升高率,具有拓展负荷范围的潜力,但同时也使NOx排放增加;适当的过量空气系数能在一定程度上改善HCCI发动机的燃烧特性,采用9%的EGR率时发动机油耗率最低,具有明显节油效果。     

Exhaust emissions and its control methods in compression ignition engines: A review

Extensive usage of automobiles has certain disadvantages and one of them is its negative effect on environment. Carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NO_x), sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and particulate matter (PM) come out as harmful products during incomplete combustion from internal combustion (IC) engines. As these substances affect human health, regulatory bodies impose increasingly stringent restrictions on the level of emissions coming out from IC engines. This trend suggests the urgent need for the investigation of all aspects relevant to emissions. It is required to modify existing engine technologies and to develop a better after-treatment system to achieve the upcoming emission norms. Diesel engines are generally preferred over gasoline engines due to their undisputed benefit of fuel economy and higher torque output. However, diesel engines produce higher emissions, particularly NO_x and PM. Aftertreatment systems are costly and occupy more space, hence, in-cylinder solutions are preferred in reducing emissions. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology has been utilized previously to reduce NO_x. Though it is quite successful for small engines, problem persists with large bore engines and with high rate of EGR. EGR helps in reducing NO_x, but increases particulate emissions and fuel consumption. Many in-cylinder solutions such as lower compression ratios, modified injection characteristics, improved air intake system etc. are required along with EGR to accomplish the future emission norms. Modern combustion techniques such as low temperature combustion (LTC), homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) etc. would be helpful for reducing the exhaust emissions and improving the engine performance. However, controlling of autoignition timing and achieving wider operating range are the major challenges with these techniques. A comprehensive review of diesel engine performance and emission characteristics is given in this paper.