有航速纵向连接多联浮体频域特性分析

针对水深和浪向等参数对有航速纵向连接多联浮体运动产生影响的问题,基于势流理论分析了有航速的纵向连接多联浮体的水动力特性,并利用水动力计算软件AQWA分别对不同水深、不同浪向和不同航速下多联浮体结构进行了频域计算,得到了多联浮体RAOs随波浪圆频率的变化曲线。计算结果表明,水深越浅,垂荡RAOs会减小,但纵摇与首摇RAOs会增大,对于所研究的纵向连接多联浮体而言,8 m以上水深可以看作无限水深进行分析和计算;不同浪向对纵向连接多联浮体各自由度影响不同,若多联浮体产生较大的运动响应时,应及时改变航向;在较高航速下纵向连接多联浮体各自由度RAOs会产生较大的响应,在低中频段航行时应适当降低航速航行,在高频段航行时可以适当提高航行速度。     

考虑粘滞阻尼的Truss Spar频域响应分析

联合势流理论与修改的Morison方程,建立波浪作用下的Truss Spar平台运动响应计算模型。波浪激振力与相关水动力信息采用高阶边界元计算方法获得。通过数值模拟得到Truss Spar平台纵荡、垂荡和纵摇RAO,针对Morison阻力系数对响应的影响进行参数分析。计算结果显示,纵荡和纵摇仅在低频部分对阻力系数敏感。因此平台在遭受二阶波浪慢漂力作用时,粘滞阻尼将起到重要作用。对于垂荡方向,由于Truss Spar安装的垂荡板提供了较大的竖向粘滞阻尼,因此垂荡RAO受阻力系数的影响较大。     

新型立柱储油式半潜平台水动力特性频域分析

近年来，海上油气工业的远海化与超深水化对半潜平台的响应性能与储送油能力提出了新的考验。为适应更高的工作要求，我国设计生产了世界上首座具有凝析油储存和动力定位穿梭油轮外输功能的立柱储油式半潜生产平台，其运行时储油量的大幅度变化会对平台水动力特性产生影响。本文建立了考虑储油量变化的储油式半潜平台水动力模型并对其进行了频域水动力分析。结果表明：储油量越大，垂荡与横摇一阶波浪力越小，横荡一阶波浪力越大；横摇与垂荡方向的辐射效应受储油量影响大，辐射阻尼随储油量增多而减小，满载状态下最多分别减小22%与42%，附加质量变化规律类似；垂荡RAOs随储油量的增多而减小，最大差值约1 m/m，横摇RAOs在储油量6000 t时达到最大值1.45°/m；储油量变化使垂荡和横摇方向的自然频率发生偏移。     

月池对FDPSO水动力性能的影响分析

采用数值模拟的方法,分析了不同尺寸、位置、吃水的月池对FDPSO船体附加质量和阻尼系数的影响。建立FDPSO三维水动力模型,采用水动力计算软件AQWA,研究了月池在不同尺寸、位置、吃水情况下对FDPSO横荡、垂荡、横摇附加质量和阻尼力的影响。结果表明：月池内流体的“活塞”振荡会增大船体的垂荡运动;FDPSO船体附加质量和阻尼力在频域范围内存在极值,垂向附加质量和阻尼力极值对应的波浪频率位置与月池尺寸、吃水有关,与位置无关。     

月池对浮式钻井生产储油轮水动力系数的影响分析

采用数值模拟的方法,分析了不同尺寸、位置、吃水的月池对浮式钻井生产储油轮(FDPSO)船体附加质量和阻尼系数的影响。建立FDPSO三维水动力模型,采用水动力计算软件AQWA,研究了月池在不同尺寸、位置、吃水情况下对FDPSO横荡、垂荡、横摇附加质量和阻尼力的影响。结果表明,月池内流体的"活塞"振荡会增大船体的垂荡运动;FDPSO船体附加质量和阻尼力在频域范围内存在极值,垂向附加质量和阻尼力极值对应的波浪频率位置与月池尺寸、吃水有关,与位置无关。     

波浪作用下悬浮结构水动力特性分析

悬浮隧道作为一种新型的水上概念交通形式,自该概念提出以来,受到世界各国学者的广泛关注。为了有较好的水动力特性,通常做成类圆管形状。文章基于势流理论,采用高阶边界元方法建立数学模型,分析了悬浮隧道在不同环境参数下的水动力特性,对圆形、椭圆形和双圆截面结构所受波浪激振力、附加质量和辐射阻尼进行了分析比较,研究了结构物不同淹没深度、不同截面形状以及结构不同特征参数对其水动力特性的影响。研究结果表明:当淹没水深增加,圆截面受到的波浪激振力和辐射阻尼都会随之减小,而附加质量的变化较小;对于椭圆和双圆截面的比较,水平方向椭圆截面所受波浪激振力和附加质量都比双圆截面小,而在垂直方向的波浪激振力和附加质量则较大,且椭圆截面所受的辐射阻尼比双圆截面在水平和垂直方向上均较大;对于双圆截面,结构物受到的水平方向上的波浪激振力和辐射阻尼随着中心距的增大而增大,在垂直方向则体现出相反的趋势,附加质量在两个方向上都均随着中心距的增大而减小。本研究计算结果可为悬浮隧道相关工程的截面选择提供参考。     

箱式浮体在波浪中的运动分析

为研究浮体在波浪中的运动,工程中采用基于刚体运动学的理论,应用牛顿第二定律建立了箱体在六个自由度的耦合运动方程.采用修正的切片法计算了箱体在规则波中运动的附加质量、附加阻尼和静水恢复力,并以纵摇和垂荡两个运动模态为例,在频域和时域内计算了浮体在规则波中两个运动模态的波浪载荷和运动响应,并对运动响应特性进行了分析.     

含月池开孔的FPSO水动力性能及波浪载荷研究

为研究月池开孔对FPSO水动力性能和波浪载荷的影响,基于三维势流理论和波浪诱导载荷理论,分析了不同的月池尺寸、不同的月池纵向位置以及不同的船体吃水时附加质量和附加阻尼的变化趋势。并进行了含月池开孔的FPSO波浪诱导载荷的长期预报,得到了截面垂向剪力和弯矩沿船长方向的分布规律,分析了月池尺寸对波浪诱导载荷的影响。结果表明含有月池的FPSO船体的垂向附加质量和附加阻尼会出现一个峰值,随月池尺寸增加而逐渐减小;月池处垂向剪力和垂向弯矩随月池尺寸增大有小幅度减小。     

箱式浮体在波浪中的运动分析

为研究浮体在波浪中的运动，工程中采用基于刚体运动学的理论，应用牛顿第二定律建立了箱体在六个自由度的耦合运动方程。采用修正的切片法计算了箱体在规则波中运动的附加质量、附加阻尼和静水恢复力，并以纵摇和垂荡两个运动模态为例，在频域和时域内计算了浮体在规则波中两个运动模态的波浪载荷和运动响应，并对运动响应特性进行了分析。     

Spar平台垂荡板受迫振荡水动力特性研究

首先针对圆形实板以及不同透空率下垂荡板作受迫正弦振荡的水动力特性进行了数值模拟研究,得到垂荡板作正弦振荡的阻力和附加质量系数,进而分析得出透空率对垂荡板阻尼及附加质量的影响规律;其次比较了相同透空率情况下不同小孔数目对垂荡板水动力特性的影响,并比较了不同形状垂荡板的水动力特性;最后还对双板之间的间距进行了优化计算.在此基础上综合考虑垂荡板受迫振荡水动力特性,为深水Spar平台的垂荡板优化设计提供技术指导,使其能够有效地改善Spar平台的垂荡运动性能.     

无航速三体浮驳水动力特性频域分析

为了研究不同工作条件下无航速三体浮驳的水动力特性的变化规律,根据势流理论和波浪的辐射/衍射理论对无航速三体浮驳的水动力特性进行了分析,并以某三体浮驳为例应用水动力计算软件AQWA对其在不同工况下进行了水动力计算。分别求得了该三体浮驳在不同水深、不同吃水深度时的附加质量、附加阻尼、不同波向下的波浪激励力和幅值响应算子随波频的变化曲线,并对其进行了对比分析。结果表明,水深对三体浮驳附加质量、附加阻尼、波浪激励力和幅值响应算子均有较大的影响,特别是在低波频时影响较为显著;水深大于20倍吃水深度后三体浮驳的水动力系数可按照无限水深进行近似计算。吃水深度对三体浮驳纵荡和横荡幅值响应算子几乎无影响,对垂荡和纵摇幅值响应算子的影响较小,对横摇和艏摇幅值响应算子的影响较大。     

Calibration of response amplitude operators based on measurements of vessel motions and directional wave spectra

A vessel's response to waves is dependent on a large number of parameters, some of which are both frequency and direction dependent. To predict vessel response, these parameters are used to construct response amplitude operators (RAOs) that act as transfer functions between the directional wave spectra and the motion spectra of the vessel. In particular situations, however, vessel motions predicted using RAOs calculated with general-purpose radiation-diffraction codes and measured wave spectra are found to deviate from measured vessel responses. To address this problem, a methodology for calibrating RAOs based on measurements of the directional wave spectra and vessel motions is proposed. Use is made of a vector fitting method through which the frequency dependent hydrodynamic properties of the vessel can be approximated by a ratio of two polynomials, thus greatly reducing the number of parameters that need to be calibrated. The reduced set of parameters is subsequently related to previously identified causes of RAO inaccuracy in order to arrive at optimization algorithms for identifying more accurate RAOs from the measurements. It is shown that the RAOs can be improved with accuracy in situations where the discrepancies are caused by imprecise estimates for the vessel's radii of gyration, center of gravity, or viscous damping. When the discrepancies in the RAOs are related to the potential mass, damping and wave forces, however, the problem becomes highly non-convex and it is not possible to find a unique RAO that satisfies the data.     

Exciting forces for a wave energy device consisting of a pair of coaxial cylinders in water of finite depth

Two coaxial vertical cylinders-one is a riding hollow cylinder and the other a solid cylinder of greater radius at some distance above an impermeable horizontal bottom,were considered.This problem of diffraction by these two cylinders,which were considered as idealization of a buoy and a circular plate,can be considered as a wave energy device.The wave energy that is created and transferred by this device can be appropriately used in many applications in lieu of conventional energy.Method of separation of variables was used to obtain the analytical expressions for the diffracted potentials in four clearly identified regions.By applying the appropriate matching conditions along the three virtual boundaries between the regions,a system of linear equations was obtained,which was solved for the unknown coefficients.The potentials allowed us to obtain the exciting forces acting on both cylinders.Sets of exciting forces were obtained for different radii of the cylinders and for different gaps between the cylinders.It was observed that changes in radius and the gap had significant effect on the forces.It was found that mostly the exciting forces were significant only at lower frequencies.The exciting forces almost vanished at higher frequencies.The problem was also investigated for the base case of no plate arrangement,i.e.,the case having only the floating cylinder tethered to the sea-bed.Comparison of forces for both arrangements was carried out.In order to take care of the radiation of the cylinders due to surge motion,the corresponding added mass and the damping coefficients for both cylinders were also computed.All the results were depicted graphically and compared with available results.     

两圆柱体在波浪载荷作用下的运动响应分析

基于势流理论和波浪辐射/绕射理论,利用水动力分析软件(AQWA)研究两圆柱体在波浪作用下的运动响应特性,给出不同入射角与不同频率规则波作用下,小圆柱体单独运动时的六自由度响应幅值算子(RAOs)及运动响应,并与两个并排圆柱体六自由度响应幅值算子(RAOs)及运动响应作比较。结果表明:大圆柱体的干扰将使小圆柱体的纵摇、横摇、横荡、垂荡运动加剧,对小圆柱体漂移力也有较大影响,但对小圆柱体的纵荡与首摇运动影响不大。计算结果与传统方法计算值相近,证明此软件合理,可为两船在波浪中的干扰模拟计算提供参考。     

Nonlinear wave forces on large-scale submerged tunnel element

This paper presents parametric studies of nonlinear wave forces on large-scale submerged tunnel element. A transportation project of submerged tunnel element under irregular wave conditions is taken as the research background. Three-dimensional diffraction potential and radiation potential associating with the motion of the floating body are utilized, and an efficient three dimensional Green function is implemented to solve the radiation-diffraction problem. A computational method for calculating the nonlinear wave forces of the submerged tunnel element is developed. The present method is validated by the existed methods and experimental data, and good agreements are observed for all test models. The effects of wave parameters and structural parameters on the second-order nonlinear wave forces are studied. Results from the present study can provide valuable recommendations for the weather window and downtime frequencies, the configuration of tugboats, the arrangement of sea-route, and the size and type of the design and construction of the submerged tunnel element.     

基于高阶边界元法和波浪交互理论的三维相邻多浮体问题研究

在解决三维相邻多浮体的水动力问题时,正确处理各浮体之间的相互作用是分析计算的关键所在。文章分别运用高阶边界元法和波浪交互理论对一个由箱型浮体组成的三维多浮体问题进行求解,通过对比分析浮体所受波浪力和水下表面压力分布结果,验证两种方法计算结果的精确度,研究该模型的水动力特点;并通过改变各浮体之间的距离,寻求波浪交互理论在求解三维多浮体问题中的适用性,对该方法在浮体间距不满足限制条件时的计算结果进行解释。     

Analysis of wave-drift damping of a VLFS with shallow draft

Numerical analysis of the wave-drift damping of VLFS as a floating elastic plate is presented. The source distribution method is used to analyze the drift force of the floating plate advancing with low-forward speed in waves. In the analysis, the shallow-draft assumption of the floating body is utilized; this assumption leads to the neglect of the steady disturbance field, which simplifies the analysis to a great extent. The consideration of the elastic deformation is made by modal expansion of the response, and the unit-amplitude radiation potentials are computed for each mode. The numerical results have confirmed that the wave-drift damping will have appreciable magnitude at the frequency region where the slow-drift oscillations are dominant. The formula for the wave-drift damping proposed by Aranha (J Fluid Mech 1996;313:39–54) has been compared with the present numerical results, but fundamental disagreement has been observed as reported by Finne and Grue (J Fluid Mech 1998;357:289–320).     

隔振器对舰船基座振动特性的影响

为了研究隔振器类型及布置方式对舰船基座振动特性的影响,针对舰船设备普遍采用隔振器与基座相连的连接方式,首先分析了隔振器刚度、阻尼等参数对舰船基座激扰力特性的影响,并以某船舶发电机组为例,基于有限元方法讨论了隔振器类型及布置方式对舰船基座振动特性的影响。研究表明,一方面,设备向基座传递的激扰力与隔振器刚度、阻尼及设备—隔振器—基座系统固有频率等密切相关;另一方面,隔振器类型及布置方式对基座振动特性也有较大影响。当激励频率较低时,隔振器布置方式对基座振动特性的影响相对较小;而当激励频率较高时,隔振器布置方式对基座振动特性的影响则相对较大。     

波浪作用下单体网格式浮架受力的数值模拟

模型试验表明重力式网箱在波浪作用下，单纯浮架的受力贡献比例较大。本文运用波浪理论，通过建立浮架、锚绳及浮子的运动方程，采用五阶龙格-库塔进行数值求解，得到了单体网格式锚碇单纯浮架的数值计算模式。将计算模型简化为四点锚碇，并将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较，二者符合程度较好。在此基础上，比较了单体网格式锚碇与四点锚碇单纯浮架的受力，结果表明网格式锚碇方式浮架受力较小。