有航速纵向连接多联浮体频域特性分析

针对水深和浪向等参数对有航速纵向连接多联浮体运动产生影响的问题,基于势流理论分析了有航速的纵向连接多联浮体的水动力特性,并利用水动力计算软件AQWA分别对不同水深、不同浪向和不同航速下多联浮体结构进行了频域计算,得到了多联浮体RAOs随波浪圆频率的变化曲线。计算结果表明,水深越浅,垂荡RAOs会减小,但纵摇与首摇RAOs会增大,对于所研究的纵向连接多联浮体而言,8 m以上水深可以看作无限水深进行分析和计算;不同浪向对纵向连接多联浮体各自由度影响不同,若多联浮体产生较大的运动响应时,应及时改变航向;在较高航速下纵向连接多联浮体各自由度RAOs会产生较大的响应,在低中频段航行时应适当降低航速航行,在高频段航行时可以适当提高航行速度。     

基于AQWA计算规则波中新型海工船的运动响应

本文应用三维势流理论的水动力软件AQWA分析一种新型工程船舶在波浪中的运动响应,新型船为改造的波兰中型集装箱船B-573,设计搭载Pram型艉和POD吊舱式推进系统的新型海工船.本文计算此船在规则波中不同浪向角条件下的六个自由度的频域和时域的运动响应,得到在不同浪向角下船体的响应振幅算子RAO,计算船舶顺浪下不同船速的垂荡RAO以及纵荡、垂荡和纵摇三个自由度的一阶、二阶波浪力,分析结果显示该新船型具有良好的耐波性.     

基于CFD方法的舰船顶浪运动响应幅值算子计算

基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法,给出了舰船在波浪中运动的数值模拟方法,采用边界造波法生成了精确的三维规则波浪,实现了DTMB 5512船模在2种不同波高规则波中顶浪运动时的垂荡及纵摇耦合运动数值模拟,求取了垂荡及纵摇运动的响应幅值算子,通过船模水池实验数据及势流理论方法验证了数值模拟方法的精确性.     

浅水中浮式栈桥单浮箱系泊系统及运动响应特性

基于三维势流理论,利用水动力分析软件AQWA对浅水中浮式栈桥单浮箱系泊系统及运动响应进行研究。对初步设计的多种系泊系统进行优选,并计算浮箱在最优系泊系统下的运动响应幅值算子RAO。结果表明:聚酯缆材料极易疲劳破坏,浅水中交叉型半张紧式锚链系泊表现出良好的系泊性能。浮箱的振幅响应算子RAO与波浪周期变化及波浪作用方向有不可分割的关系,当波浪入射角为120°~150°时,浮箱的纵荡及纵摇RAO较大。为保证较小的垂荡值,浮箱布置可沿入射波方向。为保证较小的首摇角,浮箱布置应避免与来浪呈120°的入射角。     

无航速三体浮驳水动力特性频域分析

为了研究不同工作条件下无航速三体浮驳的水动力特性的变化规律,根据势流理论和波浪的辐射/衍射理论对无航速三体浮驳的水动力特性进行了分析,并以某三体浮驳为例应用水动力计算软件AQWA对其在不同工况下进行了水动力计算。分别求得了该三体浮驳在不同水深、不同吃水深度时的附加质量、附加阻尼、不同波向下的波浪激励力和幅值响应算子随波频的变化曲线,并对其进行了对比分析。结果表明,水深对三体浮驳附加质量、附加阻尼、波浪激励力和幅值响应算子均有较大的影响,特别是在低波频时影响较为显著;水深大于20倍吃水深度后三体浮驳的水动力系数可按照无限水深进行近似计算。吃水深度对三体浮驳纵荡和横荡幅值响应算子几乎无影响,对垂荡和纵摇幅值响应算子的影响较小,对横摇和艏摇幅值响应算子的影响较大。     

基于AQWA的滑翔圆碟的水面漂移特性研究

利用海洋工程水动力分析软件AQWA对一种新型无尾翼滑翔圆碟的水面漂移特性进行研究。在规则波浪条件下,对滑翔圆碟的波浪载荷、附加质量系数、运动响应幅值算子(RAOs)及水面漂移轨迹进行预报。最后,利用Matlab对波浪载荷数据进行拟合,得到在常见波频范围内、不同浪向角作用下,滑翔圆碟波浪载荷的表达式。研究结果表明,在常见波频范围内,滑翔圆碟的RAOs值及水面漂移轨迹较为合理,拥有较稳定的工作性能;拟合得到的波浪载荷表达式拥有较高精度,基本满足实际的工程计算需求,为滑翔圆碟水面漂移特性的研究工作提供一种新思路。     

两船在波浪载荷作用下的运动响应分析

基于波浪辐射/绕射理论,利用水动力分析软件AQWA研究两船在波浪作用下的运动响应特性,给出驳船受浮式生产储油船(FPSO)影响时的附加质量和辐射阻尼,分析了驳船的漂移力和运动响应。计算结果表明,当两船间距为5 m时驳船的附加质量比间距为10 m时的值大2倍多,驳船的附加质量和阻尼随着间距的减小逐渐增大;在间距30 m时,驳船的速度越小所受的漂移力就越大,并且驳船的横摇和首摇运动就越剧烈。     

浅水FPSO垂荡和纵摇运动的低频响应

对软刚臂系泊FPSO在浅水不规则波作用下的垂荡和纵摇运动响应进行数值计算与模型试验研究,水深16.7 m.试验中的波浪校验结果显示,在波浪谱中出现明显低频长波成分.计算结果与试验结果均显示,垂荡和纵摇波浪力、运动响应既有传统的波频成分,也出现显著低于波浪频率的低频成分,而且低频响应的能量和幅值甚至会远大于波频响应.垂荡和纵摇运动的低频响应不具有能量集中的共振频率,而是具有较宽的低频能量分布.这种显著低频响应的出现,与浅水中低频长波的存在有关,表明其不仅对系泊FPSO水平面运动性能影响极大,也会显著影响垂荡和纵摇这类垂直面运动的波浪力和运动响应,在理论预报时需要予以重视.     

基于 AQWA的滑翔圆碟的水面漂移特性研究

利用海洋工程水动力分析软件AQWA对一种新型无尾翼滑翔圆碟的水面漂移特性进行研究。在规则波浪条件下,对滑翔圆碟的波浪载荷、附加质量系数、运动响应幅值算子（RAOs）及水面漂移轨迹进行预报。最后,利用Matlab对波浪载荷数据进行拟合,得到在常见波频范围内、不同浪向角作用下,滑翔圆碟波浪载荷的表达式。研究结果表明,在常见波频范围内,滑翔圆碟的RAOs值及水面漂移轨迹较为合理,拥有较稳定的工作性能;拟合得到的波浪载荷表达式拥有较高精度,基本满足实际的工程计算需求,为滑翔圆碟水面漂移特性的研究工作提供一种新思路。     

西非海域环境条件下FPSO运动及载荷响应特性研究

针对在西非海域作业的某多点系泊30万吨FPSO,研究西非海域特定环境条件下的双向风浪及涌浪的联合作用对该FPSO运动及载荷响应的影响。文中基于三维势流理论对FPSO运动响应进行数值分析,并与试验值幅值响应算子(RAO)对比。利用双Ochi-Hubble谱的短期预报,论述FPSO在双方向风浪及涌浪作用下的运动幅值、加速度及载荷响应;论述涌浪方向对运动及载荷响应的影响,并考虑涌浪周期敏感性的影响,对FPSO运动加速度、幅值、波浪弯矩、波浪剪力进行数值分析;总结了FPSO在双方向风浪及涌浪作用下运动及载荷响应根据浪向的变化特点,以及FPSO波浪载荷受风浪和涌浪周期敏感性影响的特点,为西非FPSO后续的结构设计提供参考。     

Estimation of the response of a deeply immersed cylinder to the shock wave generated by an underwater explosion

The work presented in this paper is focused on the development of a simplified method to study the structural response of a deeply immersed cylinder subjected to the primary shock wave generated by an underwater explosion. The proposed analytical model is based on the string-on-foundation method initially developed by Hoo Fatt and Wierzbicki, who converted the two dimensional boundary value problem of a cylindrical shell to an equivalent one-dimensional problem of a plastic string on a plastic foundation. This method has already been extended by the authors to study the shock wave response of an unstiffened cylinder immersed in shallow water. The present work focuses on deep-immersed cylinders subjected to both high hydrostatic pressure and explosion shock wave. The elastic deformation energy of the cylinder under hydrostatic pressure is first calculated and used to determine the initial conditions of the dynamic problem. Cylinder deflection and plastic deformation energy are then calculated for various immersion depths. When confronted to numerical results, the proposed model appears to underestimate the increase of deflection and absorbed energy with the immersion depth. A thorough analysis of the results post-processed from Ls-Dyna/USA finite element simulations highlights a new mechanism which is due to the action of hydrostatic pressure that continues to push inward the immersed cylinder. In order to improve the analytical model, a correction factor on the hydrostatic pressure is introduced but it is finally concluded that a new mechanism dedicated to the late action of the hydrostatic pressure still needs to be developed.     

Empirical model of the wake-induced lift force on a cylinder with low mass ratio

The vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of two flexible circular cylinders in a tandem configuration were studied numerically for spacing ratios ranging from 6 to 18 and the reduced velocities ranging from 2.35 to 12.59. The VIV response amplitude, response frequency, fluid force, pressure distribution and vortex structure of the tandem cylinders with different spacing ratios under different reduced velocities were compared. The results indicate that there is a great difference between the lift forces on the downstream and upstream cylinders. The lift coefficient of the downstream cylinder undergoing the wake-induced vibrations (WIV) is larger than that of the upstream cylinder, and the dominant frequency curves of the lift coefficients of the upstream and downstream cylinders separate. It can be found that the length and intensity of the wake are quite different under different reduced velocities and spacing ratios, and the reattachment positions between the wake and the downstream cylinder are different, which leads to a great change in the flow around the downstream cylinder and have a great effect on the wake-induced lift force on the downstream cylinder. Considering these factors, an empirical model for the wake-induced lift force on a cylinder with low mass ratio was proposed and verified.     

Fluid forces acting on three and four long side-by-side flexible cylinders undergoing flow-induced vibration(FIV)

Multiple side-by-side cylinders are widely employed in many engineering applications. Consequently, flow-induced vibrations (FIV), which have a significant influence on structural reliability, have drawn considerable concern from many investigators. Due to the complicated wake interactions behind the cylinders, the hydrodynamic characteristics of multiple side-by-side cylinders subject to FIV are obviously different from those of a single cylinder. Hydrodynamic force coefficients play an important role in evaluating structural reliability and predicting fatigue damage. However, few relevant investigations have been performed on hydrodynamic force coefficients of multiple side-by-side flexible cylinders, which require further research. In this paper, the hydrodynamic force coefficients of three and four side-by-side flexible cylinders with a spacing ratio of 6.0 are obtained by an inverse analysis method based on the oscillation displacements. In the resonance regions, the hydrodynamic force coefficients of multiple cylinders exhibit variation trends similar to those of a single cylinder, especially at higher reduced velocities. In the mode switch regions, relatively large deviations exist between the coefficients of multiple cylinders and single cylinder. The inner cylinder in the three-cylinder system shows prominently distinctive behaviour compared with the outer two cylinders. For the four-cylinder system in a side-by-side arrangement, the outer two cylinders show relatively slight differences between each other compared with the inner two cylinders.     

极浅水多体波浪能发电装置锚泊系统设计

采用三维势流理论对多体波浪能发电装置进行频域水动力计算,分析极浅水效应和多体间相互作用对单体发电装置的水动力性能的影响。利用Orcaflex软件建立多体波浪能发电装置数值模型,浮体间采用铰接进行连接,并利用弹簧单元模拟发电液压缸的弹性阻尼作用。为极浅水多体波浪能发电装置设计合理的锚泊方案,采用时域动态耦合方法进行分析,同时考虑极浅水效应、多体影响和二阶低频力,根据API规范对自存工况下的锚泊缆强度进行校核,并对确定选用的锚泊方案进行敏感性分析。通过对计算结果进行分析,发现在进行浅水多浮体锚泊设计时,低频波浪载荷、多体相互作用和海底摩擦不可忽视；对于极浅水的锚泊系统设计,Lazy wave 型锚泊形式优于传统悬链线式锚泊。上述研究工作为近海极浅水海域新型海洋能发电装置锚泊系统的设计提供了新的参考和思路。     

Exciting forces for a wave energy device consisting of a pair of coaxial cylinders in water of finite depth

Two coaxial vertical cylinders-one is a riding hollow cylinder and the other a solid cylinder of greater radius at some distance above an impermeable horizontal bottom,were considered.This problem of diffraction by these two cylinders,which were considered as idealization of a buoy and a circular plate,can be considered as a wave energy device.The wave energy that is created and transferred by this device can be appropriately used in many applications in lieu of conventional energy.Method of separation of variables was used to obtain the analytical expressions for the diffracted potentials in four clearly identified regions.By applying the appropriate matching conditions along the three virtual boundaries between the regions,a system of linear equations was obtained,which was solved for the unknown coefficients.The potentials allowed us to obtain the exciting forces acting on both cylinders.Sets of exciting forces were obtained for different radii of the cylinders and for different gaps between the cylinders.It was observed that changes in radius and the gap had significant effect on the forces.It was found that mostly the exciting forces were significant only at lower frequencies.The exciting forces almost vanished at higher frequencies.The problem was also investigated for the base case of no plate arrangement,i.e.,the case having only the floating cylinder tethered to the sea-bed.Comparison of forces for both arrangements was carried out.In order to take care of the radiation of the cylinders due to surge motion,the corresponding added mass and the damping coefficients for both cylinders were also computed.All the results were depicted graphically and compared with available results.     

Numerical simulation with a macroscopic CFD method and experimental analysis of wave interaction with fixed porous cylinder structures

Porous structures have been widely applied in the coastal and ocean engineering due to their wave energy dissipation mechanism. The macroscopic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach where the quadratic pressure drop condition of porous surface is introduced to model the wave interaction with porous cylinders. A series of CFD simulations of waves interacting with a single porous cylinder and the combined structure of a porous cylinder with a concentric inner solid column are performed, with corresponding tank tests conducted. The CFD method is compared with experiments, linear potential model, and the quadratic BEM (boundary element method) model. The effects of porosity and porous cylinder radius on wave force and wave heights inside porous cylinder are analyzed to evaluate the performance of porous shell reducing wave loads and wave surface elevation, and the wave force variation with incident wave amplitudes are also investigated. The results demonstrate that the established CFD model is reliable for engineering analysis and thereby being of great significance for reference purpose in the CFD simulations of waves interacting with porous structures.     

柴油机拉缸故障的扭振诊断技术探索

根据实测柴油机拉缸的例子，分析了柴油机拉缸的过程和特点。本文根据古典摩擦理论和机械-分子摩擦理论建立了拉缸早期和严重拉缸阶段的活塞摩擦力计算模型，并计算了轴系的扭振响应。仿真结果表明：在严重拉缸阶段，两种模型的计算结果相近。本文给出了利用扭振诊断拉缸的诊断参数，还比较了拉缸故障、单缸停油故障和突加负荷时扭振的不同特点，为快速实用地诊断拉缸故障做了一些有益的尝试和理论探索，并引出了在实践中还有待于进一步解决的问题。     

Second-order wave run-up on a vertical cylinder adjacent to a plane wall based on the application of quadratic transfer function in bi-directional waves

A numerical model was developed in this study to simulate the wave diffraction caused by an arbitrarily shaped structure in the presence of bi-directional incident waves based on a higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM). Based on the developed model, the wave elevation quadratic transfer function (QTF) in bi-directional waves, which is defined as the second-order wave elevation caused by two incident waves of unit amplitude from two directions, can be determined. The developed model was subsequently used to investigate the wave interaction with a cylinder situated near a vertical wall. The image principle was applied to transform the original problem into an equivalent one of wave diffraction caused by two symmetrical cylinders in open seas exposed to bi-directional incident waves. The second-order wave run-up on the cylinder can then be determined using the wave elevation QTF obtained from an analysis of the equivalent problem. A detailed numerical analysis was then conducted. Numerical results revealed that the presence of the vertical wall can apparently disturb the wave diffraction process from the cylinder, and lead to significantly amplified second-order wave elevation within the region between the wall and cylinder. In addition, the respective contribution from the first- and second-order components to the overall wave elevation around the cylinder was discussed.     

3D numerical modeling of wave forces on tandem fixed cylinders using the BEM

In this paper a 3D numerical model was developed to study the complicated interaction between waves and a set of tandem fixed cylinders.The fluid was considered to be inviscid and irrotational.Therefore,the Helmholtz equation was used as a governing equation.The boundary element method（BEM） was adopted to discretize the relevant equations.Open boundaries were used in far fields of the study domain.Linear waves were generated and propagated towards tandem fixed cylinders to estimate the forces applied on them.Special attention was paid to consideration of the effect on varying non-dimensional cylinder radius and distance between cylinders,ka and kd on forces and trapped modes.The middle cylinder wave forces and trapped modes in a set of nine tandem cylinders were validated utilizing analytical data.The comparisons confirm the accuracy of the model.The results of the inline wave force estimation on n tandem cylinders show that the critical cylinder in the row is the middle one for odd numbers of cylinders.Furthermore the results show that the critical trapped mode effect occurs for normalized cylinder radiuses close to 0.5 and 1.0.Finally the force estimation for n tandem cylinders confirms that force amplitude of the middle cylinder versus normalized separation distance fluctuates about that of a single cylinder.     

全非线性方法对于沉浸双圆柱定常前行运动引起自由表面流的研究（英文）

The free surface flow generated by twin-cylinders in forced motion submerged beneath the free surface is studied based on the boundary element method. Two relative locations, namely, horizontal and vertical, are examined for the twin cylinders. In both cases, the twin cylinders are starting from rest and ultimately moving with the same constant speed through an accelerating process. Assuming that the fluid is inviscid and incompressible and the flow to be irrotational, the integral Laplace equation can be discretized based on the boundary element method. Fully-nonlinear boundary conditions are satisfied on the unknown free surface and the moving body surface. The free surface is traced by a Lagrangian technique. Regriding and remeshing are applied, which is crucial to quality of the numerical results. Single circular cylinder and elliptical cylinder are calculated by linear method and fully nonlinear method for accuracy checking and then fully nonlinear method is conducted on the twin cylinder cases, respectively. The generated wave elevation and the resultant force are analysed to discuss the influence of the gap between the two cylinders as well as the water depth. It is found that no matter the kind of distribution, when the moving cylinders are close to each other, they suffer hydrodynamic force with large absolute value in the direction of motion. The trend of force varying with the increase of gap can be clearly seen from numerical analysis. The vertically distributed twin cylinders seem to attract with each other while the horizontally distributed twin cylinders are opposite when they are close to each other.