海事档案管理与海事文化建设

海事档案管理是海事文化建设的一部分，也是海事业务的基础性工作。近年来，随着沿海港口的开发与开放，海事工作业务也随之扩大．形成大量的海事业务档案。文中通过阐述海事档案特征，分析海事档案管理与海事文化建设的关系，探讨创新海事档案管理形式，目的是充分发挥海事档案的作用，更好地服务于海事文化建设和发展。     

Rethinking maritime privatization in Africa

While recognizing the need for increased participation of the private sector in the maritime industry of developing countries, there is a need to go beyond the call for privatization in terms of mere change of ownership from state to private sector as the only solution to the inefficiency of the maritime industry in developing countries. This limited understanding of the maritime problems of these countries abounds in the literature on maritime privatization. This study departs from this approach and focuses on the political economy of the maritime industry, and suggests that maritime privatization will not necessarily result in increased efficiency of the divested maritime enterprises. Rather, it argues that maritime problems in these countries have less to do with ownership than with the structural constraints in world shipping together with internal management and local ~olitics. The maritime industrv in West and Central Africa is used as a case studv. and recommendations such as selective privatization, 'programme contract', and most importantly, corporatization, are suggested as alternative strategies that could enhance maritime privatization and the development of the maritime industry in developing countries.     

谈谈“行政执法一面旗”与海事文件建设

“行政执法一面旗”建设，强调依法行政，执法为民理念，体现海事行政执法先进性，是社会主义核心价值体系的重要内容，是海事系统践行“三个服务”的重要举措，是海事事业科学发展的重要保证。海事文化是海事系统在长期水上安全监督、改革发展中倡导、积累、筛选、提炼形成的思想方法、价值取向和行为习惯，是海事核心竞争力的核心要素和重要组成部分，代表了海事发展软实力。文中通过探讨“行政执法一面旗”建设和海事文化建设的内在关系，以此加深对“行政执法一面旗”深刻内涵的理解，拓宽海事文化发展思路，促进海事事业又好又快发展。     

Maritime policy in Scotland

This paper begins by defining the meaning of the term ‘maritime policy’. Since devolution in the UK, the opening of the new Scottish parliament in 1998 and the creation of the Scottish Executive, little effort has been made to establish a distinct maritime policy for Scotland. As was evident prior to devolution, the primary emphasis from any maritime policy perspective has continued to be a focus on lifeline island ferry services. This ignores significant developments in several other key maritime transport sectors, and this paper provides examples of areas that require some form of policy response, including intra-European short sea shipping, UK coastal shipping, urban/river transport and global container shipping. Long-standing institutional bias against maritime transport coupled with subsidy devoted almost entirely to land transport systems has resulted in a quite distorted marketplace. This suggests that a maritime policy is now imperative if maritime transport is to play a more significant role in the overall transport system. Further discussion centres on the need to consider, from a Scottish policy perspective, the role of various state-sponsored maritime service providers and how these bodies might fit better within evolving policy. The conclusion is that formulation of a maritime policy by the Scottish Executive is overdue and that a degree of restructuring of transport responsibilities within the Executive, combined with adequate resource allocation towards the maritime industry, will be necessary in order that market distortions can be overcome, so enabling Scotland to fully exploit the competitive and environmental advantages that maritime transport can provide.     

Maritime policy in Scotland

This paper begins by defining the meaning of the term 'maritime policy'. Since devolution in the UK, the opening of the new Scottish parliament in 1998 and the creation of the Scottish Executive, little effort has been made to establish a distinct maritime policy for Scotland. As was evident prior to devolution, the primary emphasis from any maritime policy perspective has continued to be a focus on lifeline island ferry services. This ignores significant developments in several other key maritime transport sectors, and this paper provides examples of areas that require some form of policy response, including intra-European short sea shipping, UK coastal shipping, urban/river transport and global container shipping. Long-standing institutional bias against maritime transport coupled with subsidy devoted almost entirely to land transport systems has resulted in a quite distorted marketplace. This suggests that a maritime policy is now imperative if maritime transport is to play a more significant role in the overall transport system. Further discussion centres on the need to consider, from a Scottish policy perspective, the role of various state-sponsored maritime service providers and how these bodies might fit better within evolving policy. The conclusion is that formulation of a maritime policy by the Scottish Executive is overdue and that a degree of restructuring of transport responsibilities within the Executive, combined with adequate resource allocation towards the maritime industry, will be necessary in order that market distortions can be overcome, so enabling Scotland to fully exploit the competitive and environmental advantages that maritime transport can provide.     

海事行政执法中"不作为"行为的分析

海事管理机构行政不作为现象局部存在,这与依法行政要求尚有一定的距离,与社会对海事管理机构职能履行要求有一定的差距。本文从海事行政不作为的现象、原因、危害等方面进行综合分析,提出减少或杜绝海事行政不作为的对策。建议从海事立法、海事执法、海事执法监督各个方面各个环节查找存在的问题,切实在海事行政执法实践中做到“不乱作为”和“有效作为”。     

Pursuing maritime education: an empirical study of students’ profiles,motivations and expectations

This study reveals the profiles, motivations, and expectations of students pursuing undergraduate maritime programmes. Although a number of tertiary institutions offer maritime programmes, the characteristics and structures of the demands for such programmes remain under-researched. This paper illustrates and discusses the results of a survey completed by students pursuing undergraduate programmes in maritime business and management at three universities in Asia and Europe, and compares them with the findings of a database examining similar issues towards postgraduate students within the same institutions. Research highlights include the tendency of undergraduate students to combine studies and work, considering real-world experiences as a vital contributor to career prospects. Shipping (notably tankers, dry bulks and containers) stands out as the ideal professional paths within the maritime industries. Another key finding is that the current marketing strategies of the institutions are rather irrelevant. This paper provides a solid foundation for understanding the profile students pursuing maritime programmes and contributes to the effective planning and management of maritime programmes, thus to the overall professional quality of the maritime industries.     

未来国际海事公约的发展趋势与影响

国际海事公约呈现出新的发展趋势,这些新的发展趋势必将对世界海事活动产生直接的影响。文中首先介绍了目前国际海事公约的发展情况,分析了未来国际海事公约的发展趋势及其对世界各国的影响,最后提出了我国应对未来国际海事公约的几点建议。     

谈谈“行政执法一面旗”与海事文化建设

"行政执法一面旗"建设,强调依法行政,执法为民理念,体现海事行政执法先进性,是社会主义核心价值体系的重要内容,是海事系统践行"三个服务"的重要举措,是海事事业科学发展的重要保证.海事文化是海事系统在长期水上安全监督、改革发展中倡导、积累、筛选、提炼形成的思想方法、价值取向和行为习惯,是海事核心竞争力的核心要素和重要组成部分,代表了海事发展软实力.文中通过探讨"行政执法一面旗"建设和海事文化建设的内在关系,以此加深对"行政执法一面旗"深刻内涵的理解,拓宽海事文化发展思路,促进海事事业又好又快发展.     

Employability skills of maritime business graduates: industry perspectives

The maritime industry underpins international business and world trade. As to be expected, business management is critical for the maritime industry, requiring highly trained individuals and teams to lead the development, implementation and control of sound contemporary management practices. Maritime business degrees are developed by universities to meet such demand by providing graduates with sufficient skills for the onshore business-related roles. This empirical study conducted in Australia, USA and Canada, investigates current and future industry employability skills for maritime business graduates through focus groups, individual interviews and an online survey with senior managers in maritime organisations. This study found the important employability skills for maritime business graduates which include communication, problem solving, adaptability, self-management, team work, and digital literacy and technology. Demand for digital literacy and technology knowledge and skills have increased due to the maritime industry having a trend of moving towards digitalisation and automation. However, the survey findings revealed that a skills focus for maritime business graduates will not be the technology itself but the use and management of technology. In relation to future skills/knowledge required from maritime business degree graduates in 10 years’ time, communication and adaptability are recognised as being the most important. Employers expect that maritime business graduates should be able to adopt new technology and be competent in communication, and be more adaptable given the highly dynamic nature of the maritime industry. Moreover, they require graduates to be equipped with a higher level of computer skills, have a strong work ethic and multilingual skills.     

试论如何确保在海事行政诉讼中胜诉

面对海事行政复议和海事行政诉讼逐年增加的局面,笔者就海事行政执法机关如何依法履行自己的法定职责、依法保护自己,从而确保在行政诉讼中胜诉进行了探讨,提出了确保海事行政机关在海事行政诉讼中胜诉的对策。     

海事司法鉴定存在的问题及完善

文中分析了当前我国海事司法鉴定工作存在的问题,结合海事审判特点,从建立海事司法鉴定法律体系、完善海事司法鉴定人资格审核制度、建构海事司法鉴定机构、对海事司法鉴定机构实行统一管理、完善鉴定人出庭制度等五个方面提出解决对策,以期对完善我国海事司法鉴定制度有所裨益。     

无人船在港口水域海事监管中的应用探讨

近年来,随着与船舶自主航行相关的信息技术、人工智能技术水平的提高,无人船舶行业取得了长足的发展,其在海上安保、环境监测等领域应用也越来越成熟。为推动无人船在海事管理方面的应用研究,破解港口水域海事监管手段不足的瓶颈问题,文中在分析港口水域海事监管特点和无人船系统建设条件的基础上,定量研究了无人船在港口水域海事监管应用面临的性能指标确定、船型平台选择、载荷设备搭配、运行管理体系建设等方面的具体问题,提出了一种港口水域海事监管无人船系统的应用解决方案。     

海事赔偿责任限制的法律适用

由于各国关于海事赔偿责任限制的法律规定不一样,因此,在涉外海事赔偿责任限制法律关系中就需要进行法律选择,以确定所应适用的法律。国际社会关于海事赔偿责任限制的法律适用主要有适用法院地法、适用侵权行为地法、适用船旗国法、适用最密切联系原则几种立法模式,中国《海商法》关于海事赔偿责任限制的法律适用宜规定为:海事赔偿责任限制适用船旗国法,若海事赔偿责任限制与其他国家的法律有更密切联系,则适用其他国家的法律。     

基于VTS的海事信息发布系统

此文论述了建立海事信息发布系统的必要性,并结合海上交通的发展,特别是VTS的使用, 提出了海事信息发布系统的总体结构和实现方式。实际应用表明,该系统能满足海事信息化、政务化和商务化的要求。     

A method for extracting key performance indicators from maritime safety management norms

The maritime transportation industry currently employs several mandatory and non-mandatory norms of organizational safety management. These safety norms are commonly included in integrated maritime safety management systems, which aim at developing, monitoring, controlling and improving the safety of all related shipping operations. These systems are typically evaluated by following key performance indicators, which enable defined measures for various safety management components. However, the identification of indicators addressing safety management requirements constitutes a complex and generally unsystematic process for safety managers in the maritime industry. This article proposes a new method to assess the guidelines available in maritime safety management norms. The proposed method is applied to assess the content of two maritime safety management norms. The aim of this assessment is to identify a set of maritime safety management indicators that can systematically measure the most relevant components of maritime safety management. The application of this method resulted in the identification of 53 key performance indicators for monitoring and reviewing 23 identified safety management components that are commonly integrated into the functioning of maritime safety management systems. The method proposed provides guidance to accurately capture the actual aim and function of the key performance indicators. Furthermore, the indicators and safety components obtained with this method can be adopted as the basis for a safety management system and/or for the analysis of a safety management system already established in the industry.     

The determinants of maritime policy

The paper is to explore the relation between national economic development and the formulation of maritime policy. It collects and examines data from 30 maritime nations, and shows that maritime policy is determined by economic circumstance rather than the result of rational decision of policy makers. A general solution is produced for an optimum maritime policy under a given economic condition. The general solution can serve as a benchmark for future maritime policy making and research in general.     

立体监管模式下海事巡逻船信息系统建设思路及发展方向

随着海事监管模式的转变,对海事巡逻船的信息化水平有了更高的要求。阐述了国内海事巡逻船信息化建设的现状,详细介绍海事船舶信息化实施、应用经验和成果,总结船舶信息化建设中的主要问题。为适应立体监管模式下海事业务发展,就建设中存在的问题提出解决方案,并结合交通运输部“十三五”信息化发展规划对海事巡逻船信息化发展方向进行展望。     

The determinants of maritime policy

The paper is to explore the relation between national economic development and the formulation of maritime policy. It collects and examines data from 30 maritime nations, and shows that maritime policy is determined by economic circumstance rather than the result of rational decision of policy makers. A general solution is produced for an optimum maritime policy under a given economic condition. The general solution can serve as a benchmark for future maritime policy making and research in general.     

谈海事执法装备管理

随着海事监管压力不断增大,对海事装备的要求越来越高,海事执法装备作为保障海事业务开展的最基本环节,发挥的作用也越来越重要。面对种类多样、性能各异的海事执法装备,只有通过提高管理效能,提升装备使用效率,从而达到减少管理成本和支撑海事各项业务开展的目的。