Joint Distortion Model for Progressive Image Transmission Using Error Correcting Arithmetic Codes

A novel joint source channel distortion model was proposed, which can essentially estimate the average distortion in progressive image transmission. To improve the precision of the model, the redundancy generated by a forbidden symbol in the arithmetic codes is used to distinguish the quantization distortion and the channel distortion, all the coefficients from the first error one to the end of the sequence are set to be a value within the variance range of the coefficients instead of zero, then the error propagation coming from the entropy coding can be essentially estimated, which is disregarded in the most conventional joint source channel coding (JSCC) systems. The precision of the model in terms of average peak-signal-to-noise has been improved about 0.5 dB compared to classical works. An efficient unequal error protection system based on the model is developed, and can be used in the wireless communication systems.     

基于端到端失真优化的无线视频联合编码方案

在无线视频传输环境端到端失真分析的基础上,针对H.264视频流建立了一种新的端到端失真模型.在使用LDPC信道编码方式与该失真分析模型的基础上,提出了一种基于端到端失真优化的联合信源信道编码方案.该方案根据当前无线信道的信噪比与信道带宽等状态信息,自适应地调节信源编码量化参数和信道编码码率,使端到端失真最小.实验结果表明,与固定码率编码相比,本文提出的联合信源信道编码方案可在不增加带宽的情况下显著提高视频传输质量.     

基于Simulink的Turbo码系统仿真

在Turbo码编码、译码基本理论和结构的基础上,提出了一种用Simulink构建的Turbo码编、译码可控仿真模型,并在BPSK(binary phase-shift keying)调制的高斯白噪声信道(AWGN)中进行了系统建模和仿真实验.通过研究Turbo编码、卷积编码和无信道编码方案仿真系统的BER(bit error rate)性能,结果表明,所提出的Turbo编码的误码率优于其他2种方案1个数量级以上,尤低信噪比时更具优势.     

AN EFFICIENT BTC IMAGE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM

IntroductionBlock truncation coding( BTC) [1] is a simple andfast lossy image coding technique,which has theadvantage of being easy to implement comparedto transform coding and vector quantization[2 ] .Its simplicity,performance and channel error re-sisting capability make it attractive in the real-time image transmission.BTC is a one- bit adap-tive moment- preserving quantizer that preservescertain statistical moments of small blocks of theinput image in the quantized output.The origi-nal …     

A New Arithmetic Coding System Combining Source Channel Coding and MAP Decoding

A new arithmetic coding system combining source channel coding and maximum a posteriori decoding were proposed. It combines source coding and error correction tasks into one unified process by introducing an adaptive forbidden symbol. The proposed system achieves fixed length code words by adaptively adjusting the probability of the forbidden symbol and adding tail digits of variable length. The corresponding improved MAP decoding metric was derived. The proposed system can improve the performance. Simulations were performed on AWGN channels with various noise levels by using both hard and soft decision with BPSK modulation.The results show its performance is slightly better than that of our adaptive arithmetic error correcting coding system using a forbidden symbol.     

An Adaptive Joint Source/Channel Coding Using Error Correcting Arithmetic Codes

An approximately optimal adaptive arithmetic coding (AC) system using a forbidden symbol (FS) over noisy channels was proposed which allows one to jointly and adaptively design the source decoding and channel correcting in a single process, with superior performance compared with traditional separated techniques. The concept of adaptiveness is applied not only to the source model but also to the amount of coding redundancy. In addition, an improved branch metric computing algorithm and a faster sequential searching algorithm compared with the system proposed by Grangetto were proposed. The proposed system is tested in the case of image transmission over the AWGN channel, and compared with traditional separated system in terms of packet error rate and complexity. Both hard and soft decoding were taken into account.     

提升高精度图像弱目标视觉质量的高效压缩算法

为了实现对高精度图像进行高效压缩,同时确保重建图像的弱目标区域有较好的保真效果,提出了一种提升弱目标区域质量的基于误差优化编码的高精度图像压缩算法. 首先,使用JPEG-LS （joint photographic experts group lossless）压缩算法对图像数据进行压缩,在游程编码过程中自适应地选择需要二次编码的误差数据,并完成了基于视觉质量的非均匀量化;其次,对量化值进行数据分解,去除量化值之间的相关性,并对分解后的数据进行MQ算术编码的熵编码;图像重建时根据量化间隔重建反量化值,并设计了反量化优化和滤波优化过程;最后,将本文算法与JPEG-LS、JPEG2000 （joint photographic experts group 2000）算法进行了性能比较,结果表明:本算法能够实现高精度图像数据的高效压缩,且复杂度低,易于硬件实现,虽然引入了误差数据二次优化编码等过程,但增加编码的数据量较小,故与JPEG-LS算法的压缩速度相当,然而比JPEG2000算法的压缩速度提升4.47倍;同时有效减少了常规算法造成的信息损失,重建图像的峰值信噪比与JPEG-LS、JPEG2000相当或略低,但弱目标区域的视觉质量及保真效果更好.      

A rate-distortion based quantization level adjustment algorithm in block-based video compression

In this paper, a rate-distortion based quantization level adjustment (RDQLA) algorithm is presented. Based on the rate-distortion criterion, the quantization level adjustment algorithm effectively improves coding efficiency by adaptively optimizing quantization levels of the signals near the boundaries of quantization cells and adjusting quantization levels per block. In addition, it has no overhead and is fully compatible with the existing compression standards. The proposed algorithm can be applied in any block based image and video coding method. In particular, the algorithm has been verified on the platform of H.264. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves objective and subjective performances substantially. It is shown that the proposed algorithm has a gain of several dB comparing with the newest H.264 standard for high bit rates. Foundation item: the Special Foundation of Outstanding Young Teacher of Shanghai     

An Iterative Power Allocation Algorithm for Group-wise Space-Time Block Coding Systems

An iterative transmit power allocation (PA) algorithm was proposed for group-wise space-time block coding (G-STBC) systems with group-wise successive interference cancellation (GSIC) receivers. Group-wise interference suppression (GIS) filters are employed to separate each group's transmit signals from other interferences and noise. While the total power on all transmit symbols is constrained, all transmit PA coefficients are updated jointly according to the channel information at each iteration. Through PA, each detection symbol has the same post-detection signal to interference-and-noise ratio (SINR). The simulation results verify that the proposed PA algorithm converges at the equilibrium quickly after few iterations, and it achieves much lower bit error rates than the previous single symbol SIC PA and the fixed ratio PA algorithms for G-STBC systems with GSIC receivers .     

Robust ergodic rate transmission for time division duplex beamforming systems

In time division duplex(TDD)beamforming systems,the base station estimates the channel state information(CSI)at transmitter based on uplink pilots and then uses it to generate the beamforming vector in the downlink transmission.Because of the constraints of the TDD frame structure and the uplink pilot overhead,there inevitably exists CSI delay and channel estimation error between CSI estimation and downlink transmission channel,which would degrade system ergodic rate.In this paper,we propose a robust ergodic rate transmission scheme,in which the uplink pilot time interval(UPTI)of an active user is adaptively adjusted according to the changing channel conditions such as Doppler frequency shift,uplink pilot signal to noise ratio(SNR),to minimize the impact of CSI delay and channel estimation error on the ergodic rate of TDD beamforming systems.In order to get the optimal UPTI,we first derive the average post-processing SNR for TDD beamforming systems with channel estimation error and CSI delay.We then obtain the optimal UPTI,which maximizes the average post-processing SNR,given the normalized pilot overhead(the number of pilot symbols per data symbol).The numerical simulation results validate that the the proposed robust ergodic rate transmission scheme not only maximizes the average post-processing SNR but also maximizes the system ergodic rate.Moreover,the scheme can adapt well to the changing channel environments compared with the current fixed UPTI scheme.Especially our research is valuable for the uplink sounding reference signal design in long term evolution advanced(LTEAdvanced)system.     

A simulation study of service differentiation for the bandwidth request scheme in fixed IEEE 802.16 network

Various flexible mechanisms related to quality of service (QoS) provisioning have been specified for uplink traffic at the medium access control (MAC) layer in the IEEE 802.16 standards. Among the mechanisms, contention based bandwidth request scheme can be used to indicate bandwidth demands to the base station for the non-real-time polling and best-effort services. These two services are used for most applications with unknown traffic characteristics. Due to the diverse QoS requirements of those applications, service differentiation (SD) is anticipated over the contention based bandwidth request scheme. In this paper we investigate the SD with the bandwidth request scheme by means of assigning different channel access parameters and bandwidth allocation priorities at different packets arrival probability. The effectiveness of the differentiation schemes is evaluated by simulations. It is observed that the initial backoff window can be efficient in SD, and if combined with the bandwidth allocation priority, the SD performances will be better. Foundation item: the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2005C13321804)     

Active approach for tamper detection with robustness to lossy compression

Active tamper detection using watermarking technique can localize the tampered area and recover the lost information. In this paper, we propose an approach that the watermark is robust to legitimate lossy compression, fragile to malicious tampering and capable of recovery. We embed the watermark bits in the direct current value of energy concentration transform domain coefficients. Let the original watermark bits be content dependent and apply error correction coding to them before embedded to the image. While indicating the tampered area, the extracted bits from a suspicious image can be further decoded and then used to roughly recover the corresponding area. We also theoretically study the image quality and bit error rate. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

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提高航线需求预测精度是航空客运收益管理系统的重要研究课题。提出一种首先运用EM算法对航线历史订座数据中由于受资源限制而没有被满足的需求进行修复，取得更为准确的需求数据，然后，针对航班销售具有提前预订的特点，将航线历史订座数据整合成一个提前日矩阵，使预测时能够利用更多的已知信息并减少了计算数据量，最后再运用Winters模型进行预测的航线需求预测方法。以成都到广州航线历史数据为例仿真计算，预测结果的平均误差为4.9％ ，而直接采用winters法进行预测的平均误差为21.7％ ，验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF HYBRID DS SFH/SSMA SYSTEMS OVER MULTIPATH FADING CHANNELS

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Integrated fluid-thermal-structural numerical analysis for the quenching of metallic components

The quenching of a metal component with a channel section in a water tank is numerically simulated. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to model the multiphase flow and the heat transfer in film boiling, nucleate boiling and convective cooling processes to calculate the difference in heat transfer rate around the component and then combining with the thermal simulation and structure analysis of the component to study the effect of heat transfer rate on the distortion of the U-channel component. A model is also established to calculate the residual stress produced by quenching. The coupling fluid-thermal-structural simulation provides an insight into the deformation of the component and can be used to perform parameter analysis to reduce the distortion of the component.     

A New MPEG-2 Rate Control Method Based on Model Classification

The paper proposed a new MPEG-2 rate control method that is based on model classification. The macro-blocks are classified according to their prediction errors, and different parameters are used in the rate-quantization and distortion quantization model. The different model parameters are calculated from the previous frame of the same type in the process of coding. These models are used to estimate the relations among rate, distortion and quantization of the current frame. Further steps, such as R-D optimization based quantization adjustment and smoothing of quantization of adjacent macroblocks, are used to improve the quality. The results of the experiments prove that the technique is effective and can be realized easily. The method presented in the paper can be a good way for MPEG rate control.     

考虑各向异性形貌特征的岩体结构面刚度计算模型

为了实现岩体结构面切向刚度和法向刚度的便捷化精准取值，准确分析结构面变形行为特征，以关山隧道闪长岩结构面为例，对结构面形貌信息进行数字化提取，应用3D打印技术制作结构面试样，开展单轴压缩与各向异性直剪试验，提出了各向异性新形貌参数，建立了结构面切向刚度与法向刚度计算新模型。研究结果表明:新形貌参数综合考虑了结构面起伏体上坡段的爬坡角与爬坡高度，有利于反映结构面形貌的各向异性特征，并且同一方向上结构面剖面线的形貌参数服从对数正态概率分布；在物理模型力学试验的基础上，结合结构面形貌参数、结构面壁面强度和法向应力构建的结构面切向刚度计算新模型，不仅降低了计算参数的获取难度，还可以更好地体现结构面切向变形能力的各向异性；改进的双曲函数法向刚度计算模型考虑了结构面初始法向刚度和最大法向闭合量与结构面壁面强度之间的量化关系，避免了复杂的力学测试，简化了法向刚度的获取过程；通过与经典计算模型和力学试验结果进行对比，发现采用新模型计算的刚度更为接近试验值，其中切向刚度与试验值的平均相对误差为2.09%~27.88%，法向刚度与试验值的平均相对误差为3.25%~17.25%，表明结构面切向刚度和法向刚度计算新模型可以更准确和便捷地获取结构面变形参数。      

Code-aided interference suppression in direct sequence spread spectrum systems with eigenvector sign spreading code

For direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) communication systems suffering interference, it is known that code-aided interference suppression technique outperforms all of the previous linear or nonlinear methods. In this paper, we proposed an improved code-aided technique which can improve the system performance greatly by using the eigenvector sign (EVS) spreading sequence which depends on the statistical characteristics of the interference and the thermal noise. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60772100)     

A bintree energy approach for colour image segmentation using adaptive channel selection

A new hierarchical approach called bintree energy segmentation was presented for color image segmentation. The image features are extracted by adaptive clustering on multi-channel data at each level and used as the criteria to dynamically select the best chromatic channel, where the segmentation is carried out. In this approach, an extended direct energy computation method based on the Chan-Vese model was proposed to segment the selected channel, and the segmentation outputs are then fused with other channels into new images, from which a new channel with better features is selected for the second round segmentation. This procedure is repeated until the preset condition is met. Finally, a binary segmentation tree is formed, in which each leaf represents a class of objects with a distinctive color. To facilitate the data organization, image background is employed in segmentation and channels fusion. The bintree energy segmentation exploits color information involved in all channels data and tries to optimize the global segmentation result by choosing the ＂best＂ channel for segmentation at each level. The experiments show that the method is effective in speed, accuracy and flexibility.     

基于有限理性的交通网络可靠性均衡模型

为探索交通系统不确定性和出行者心理感知差异对出行路径选择行为的影响,将路网可靠性和有限理性融入出行者的路径选择决策中,提出双目标交通网络均衡模型.为应对模型多解问题,建立出行可靠性和有限理性下的贝叶斯随机用户均衡模型,运用贝叶斯统计和双层规划框架估计权重系数,采用变分不等式刻画交通均衡模型;分别设计迭代算法（iterative algorithm,IA）和相继平均算法（method of successive average,MSA）求解贝叶斯权重系数估计和变分不等式交通网络均衡模型.算例表明：随着观测变量和输入变量扰动变小,估计参数的均方根误差逐步减小;IA在运行15 s后均方根误差达到0.05,MSA在1 s内收敛精度达到10-6;变分不等式均衡模型可以同时反映出行者的风险态度和有限理性决策过程.