基于凯恩方法的汽车悬架实时仿真模型

提出了一种用于汽车动力学实时仿真的悬架建模方法。将悬架系统模型建成为连接车身和车轮的无质量复合铰,并基于凯恩方法推导了悬架复合铰的运动方程。在满足动力学实时仿真要求的同时不降低悬架系统的运动学精度。利用该方法建立了某轿车面向结构的麦弗逊式前悬架模型,并集成到由符号计算软件产生的该轿车的多体动力学模型中。仿真与实车道路试验结果的对比表明该悬架模型具有较高的仿真精度。     

直线导引型前独立悬架及转向杆系的设计与动力学仿真

研究了一种理论上能做直线导引运动的新型空间机构,基于这一空间机构和相匹配的转向杆系,建立了汽车前独立悬架系统动力学模型。考虑悬架导向机构的结构参数、转向杆系对车轮运动的影响以及橡胶衬套的变形,通过仿真分析,得出了该新型前独立悬架的主要运动学特性参数的变化规律,验证了理论分析结果。与麦弗逊和双叉臂式前悬架主要运动学特性参数进行对比表明,该新型前独立悬架具有优异的运动学性能,与其匹配的转向杆系能最大限度地减小转向干涉。     

空气悬架大客车平顺性仿真分析

应用MSC．ADAMS软件在ADAMS／Car里建立了整车动力学仿真模型，用Pro/E软件和试验的方法获得了整车动力学参数。在ADAMS／Car里进行了空气悬架大客车平顺性仿真分析，并将分析结果与试验结果进行了比较。结果表明，所建立的空气悬架大客车多体系统动力学模型。可以对空气悬架大客车整车性能做出正确的预测。     

基于ADAMS／CAR的某轿车悬架优化设计

汽车悬架系统为一多体系统，部件之间的运动关系十分复杂，传统的人工计算很难将悬架的各种特性表述清楚。以国产某轿车为例，应用多体运动学与动力学仿真软件ADAMS中的CAR专业模块建立该车的前后悬架多刚体模型，对其悬架的各种性能进行了仿真分析，研究了悬架几何参数对汽车操纵稳定性的影响，在理论验证的基础上揭示了该悬架的运动规律，在进行优化分析的同时还提出了改进的意见。     

基于Isight的五连杆悬架硬点优化设计

为开发设计全新五连杆后悬架,建立整车多体动力学模型,并根据某样车五连杆后悬架实测K&C数据验证了模型精度,采用优化分析软件Isight和多体动力学软件Motion View进行联合仿真,针对五连杆后悬架的硬点设计需求,进行了悬架硬点对K&C性能参数的敏感度分析,根据分析结果和K&C性能参数的优化边界,利用邻域培植多目标...     

车辆悬架多刚体动力学分析及九点控制研究

借助多刚体系统动力学的拉格朗日方法对车辆悬架进行研究分析,建立了基于多刚体系统动力学的主动悬架系统模型,并采用九点控制策略进行理论分析和计算机仿真。仿真结果表明,以多刚体动力学方法同九点控制策略相结合的车辆悬架系统性能良好。     

基于ADAMS的空气悬架客车平顺性仿真与试验

以多体系统动力学理论为基础,应用机械系统仿真分析软件ADAMS,创建空气悬架客车前悬架、后悬架的多体系统动力学模型,包括转向系、发动机、车身、前后轮胎等在内的整车虚拟样机模型。并通过编制路面谱文件对虚拟模型进行平顺性仿真和悬挂系统固有频率仿真试验,结果显示该车的平顺性能比较理想。将仿真结果与样车道路试验结果进行对比,发现二者比较吻合,从而验证了所创建的虚拟样机模型的可靠性。研究结果表明虚拟试验可以有效地分析汽车的平顺性。     

麦弗逊式悬架运动分析

掌握悬架系统的运动规律,从而校核车轮定位参数的变化情况是汽车悬架系统设计中的重要步骤。根据麦弗逊式悬架各结构件之间的几何约束关系和空间运动关系,提出了一种能够得到各悬架硬点在轮跳过程中位置的解析方法,并由此得到车轮定位参数的变化规律。基于此解析方法搭建的运动学模型仿真结果与多体动力学模型仿真结果完全相同,且与台架试验结果一致,验证了该解析方法的有效性。     

遗传算法在五连杆悬架优化中的应用

针对五连杆悬架的特点，运用多体系统动力学的理论建立了悬架的运动学分析模型，基于遗传算法开发了优化器的核心单元，并解决了它们之间的通讯和协调问题以实现在车轮上下跳动过程中车轮外倾角的运动学特性变化量与目标值之间的偏差最小作为优化设计的目标，说明了遗传算法在五连杆悬架优化中的应用。应用这种优化体系对某型轿车五连杆悬架进行了实例优化分析。     

用于汽车动力学实时仿真的悬架建模方法的研究

针对汽车动力学实时仿真的要求提出一种新的悬架建模方法—复合约束隔离解耦建模方法。将悬架系统视为连接车身和车轮之间的无质量复合约束,基于这个概念建立的悬架系统模型,由于实现有质量刚体的相互隔离及代数方程与微分方程的解耦,提高了模型求解效率。应用该方法建立的悬架模型,由于是面向结构的模型,因而可较为准确地描述悬架动态特性,同时由于求解效率的提高又能够满足仿真实时性的要求。     

Analysis of the car body stability performance after coupler jack-knifing during braking

This paper aims to improve car body stability performance by optimising locomotive parameters when coupler jack-knifing occurs during braking. In order to prevent car body instability behaviour caused by coupler jack-knifing, a multi-locomotive simulation model and a series of field braking tests are developed to analyse the influence of the secondary suspension and the secondary lateral stopper on the car body stability performance during braking. According to simulation and test results, increasing secondary lateral stiffness contributes to limit car body yaw angle during braking. However, it seriously affects the dynamic performance of the locomotive. For the secondary lateral stopper, its lateral stiffness and free clearance have a significant influence on improving the car body stability capacity, and have less effect on the dynamic performance of the locomotive. An optimised measure was proposed and adopted on the test locomotive. For the optimised locomotive, the lateral stiffness of secondary lateral stopper is increased to 7875?kN/m, while its free clearance is decreased to 10?mm. The optimised locomotive has excellent dynamic and safety performance. Comparing with the original locomotive, the maximum car body yaw angle and coupler rotation angle of the optimised locomotive were reduced by 59.25% and 53.19%, respectively, according to the practical application. The maximum derailment coefficient was 0.32, and the maximum wheelset lateral force was 39.5?kN. Hence, reasonable parameters of secondary lateral stopper can improve the car body stability capacity and the running safety of the heavy haul locomotive.     

汽车主动悬架的单神经元自适应控制

在1/4汽车动力学模型的基础上,设计了汽车主动悬架的自适应神经元控制器。以车辆的行驶平顺性为主要控制目标,车身垂直加速度、悬架动挠度、车轮动位移为具体评价参数,研究了系统在随机路面激励条件下的时域响应,计算了振动响应的均方根值,考察了在变参数条件下控制器的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,该控制器能有效改善车辆的综合性能,尤其是平顺性和舒适性,并且具有较好的鲁棒性,对模型参数的变化有一定的适应性。     

电动赛车半主动悬架系统仿真及实现

应用汽车动力学理论,以1/4汽车悬架模型为研究对象,用调节减振器的阻尼系数法,建立了二自由度电动赛车的半主动悬架最优控制模型,利用编制的路面谱作为激励输入进行了仿真,并与被动悬架性能进行了对比。结果表明,半主动悬架在车身垂直振动加速度、悬架动行程、轮胎形变量的改善度分别为31.3%、21.4%、12.6%,使车身的振动被控制在某个范围之内,大大提高电动赛车在行驶过程中的平顺性。     

轿车悬架最优减振特性的研究

本文提出了轿车悬架最优减振特性的新概念,建立了上海桑塔纳轿车的随机振动模型,模型中考虑了车身质心垂直振动及侧倾与纵倾,还考虑了横向稳定杆的作用,利用随机振动理论和动态优化理论寻求该车的最优减振特性曲线和准最优减振特性曲线的表达式,为今后设计主动式悬架的调节特性提供了依据。     

An insight into linear quarter car model accuracy

The linear quarter car model is the most widely used suspension system model. A number of authors expressed doubts about the accuracy of the linear quarter car model in predicting the movement of a complex nonlinear suspension system. In this investigation, a quarter car rig, designed to mimic the popular MacPherson strut suspension system, is subject to narrowband excitation at a range of frequencies using a motor driven cam. Linear and nonlinear quarter car simulations of the rig are developed. Both isolated and operational testing techniques are used to characterise the individual suspension system components. Simulations carried out using the linear and nonlinear models are compared to measured data from the suspension test rig at selected excitation frequencies. Results show that the linear quarter car model provides a reasonable approximation of unsprung mass acceleration but significantly overpredicts sprung mass acceleration magnitude. The nonlinear simulation, featuring a trilinear shock absorber model and nonlinear tyre, produces results which are significantly more accurate than linear simulation results. The effect of tyre damping on the nonlinear model is also investigated for narrowband excitation. It is found to reduce the magnitude of unsprung mass acceleration peaks and contribute to an overall improvement in simulation accuracy.     

Optimising a Car Chassis

This paper presents a method to optimise a car chassis fitted either with passive or active suspensions. Provided that a full vehicle model is available for accurate simulations of many different driving situations (J-turn, lane-change, power-on/power-off on even/rough, dry/wet roads), the method allows to tune the parameters of the chassis system (suspension elastokinematics, stiffnesses, dampings, actuator gains, tyre pressures...) in order to achieve the desired dynamic behaviour of the car in all of the considered driving situations. According with the Global Approximation approach, the original physical car model is substituted by another purely numerical mathematical model (backpropagating Artificial Neural Network). This reduces the simulation time dramatically and enables the optimisation process to come to successful results. The computation of the Pareto-optimal set is performed by using Genetic Algorithms. The method is validated by optimising the parameters of the suspension system of an actual car.     

Optimising a Car Chassis

This paper presents a method to optimise a car chassis fitted either with passive or active suspensions. Provided that a full vehicle model is available for accurate simulations of many different driving situations (J-turn, lane-change, power-on/power-off on even/rough, dry/wet roads), the method allows to tune the parameters of the chassis system (suspension elastokinematics, stiffnesses, dampings, actuator gains, tyre pressures...) in order to achieve the desired dynamic behaviour of the car in all of the considered driving situations. According with the Global Approximation approach, the original physical car model is substituted by another purely numerical mathematical model (backpropagating Artificial Neural Network). This reduces the simulation time dramatically and enables the optimisation process to come to successful results. The computation of the Pareto-optimal set is performed by using Genetic Algorithms. The method is validated by optimising the parameters of the suspension system of an actual car.     

轮心六分力作用下悬架疲劳载荷谱提取

准确提取车身连接点载荷是车身疲劳耐久性分析的关键.本文基于某轻型客车研发过程中单独对前、后车轮测取的道路试验轮心六分力数据,采用前、后悬架动力学模型提取车身连接点载荷,分析了多种悬架模型方案及其仿真结果,并与试验结果进行了对比.本文方法能够提取车身连接点载荷,为低成本准确获取车身疲劳耐久分析输入载荷提供了参考.     

Investigation of the effects of sleeper-passing impacts on the high-speed train

The sleeper-passing impact has always been considered negligible in normal conditions, while the experimental data obtained from a High-speed train in a cold weather expressed significant sleeper-passing impacts on the axle box, bogie frame and car body. Therefore, in this study, a vertical coupled vehicle/track dynamic model was developed to investigate the sleeper-passing impacts and its effects on the dynamic performance of the high-speed train. In the model, the dynamic model of vehicle is established with 10 degrees of freedom. The track model is formulated with two rails supported on the discrete supports through the finite element method. The contact forces between the wheel and rail are estimated using the non-linear Hertz contact theory. The parametric studies are conducted to analyse effects of both the vehicle speeds and the discrete support stiffness on the sleeper-passing impacts. The results show that the sleeper-passing impacts become extremely significant with the increased support stiffness of track, especially when the frequencies of sleeper-passing impacts approach to the resonance frequencies of wheel/track system. The damping of primary suspension can effectively lower the magnitude of impacts in the resonance speed ranges, but has little effect on other speed ranges. Finally, a more comprehensively coupled vehicle/track dynamic model integrating with a flexible wheel set is developed to discuss the sleeper-passing-induced flexible vibration of wheel set.