珊瑚岛礁跨海大桥的勘察实践及工程意义

针对珊瑚礁岩土的工程分类欠缺、钻探技术效果不佳、原位及物探测试手段不足以及物理力学性质评价指标及其体系需要重建等系列问题,进行珊瑚礁岩土的勘察技术研究。基于勘察实例,证明常规的技术方法多不适用于勘察珊瑚礁岩土。需集中对珊瑚礁岩土工程地质特性(如地质环境特性、动力工程环境、岩土组成及其描述、基本物理特征、力学特性、颗粒破碎特性、岩土工程评价等方面)和勘察技术(如钻探取样、物探、原位测试、室内试验等)进行研究,并不断积累经验。     

Investigating Information Requirements for Evaluating Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas—Indonesian Case Studies

Identifying the information needs of managers and other stakeholders is an important first step in designing an evaluation of management effectiveness for marine protected areas (MPAs) that will be relevant to local circumstances and useful for improving management practices. Information requirements for evaluating effectiveness were investigated at two MPAs in Indonesia. Results show that, despite similar management objectives, information needs for evaluation differ between sites and those differences reflect the unique context within which management operates in each case. The scope of information needs at each site covers a broad range of issues including context, planning, resources, processes, outputs, and outcomes. Relevant components of a variety of different evaluation tools will need to be used to satisfy information needs at these sites. Evaluation tools that are based primarily on stated management objectives or the expressed views of a few key stakeholders are unlikely to be very useful for improving management in these cases.     

The Decline of the Artisanal Fisheries in Mediterranean Coastal Areas: The Case of Cap de Creus (Cape Creus)

This article examines the sociocultural, economic, and environmental causes of the decline of the artisanal fisheries in the rocky coast of Cape Creus (NW Mediterranean) over the past decades. The changes that have occurred over time have favored trawlers, purse-seiners, shellfish fisheries, and tourism activities, to the detriment of artisanal fisheries. This article shows that the establishment of a marine reserve in 1998 could not reverse the observed decline in the artisanal fisheries. This raises the necessity of implementing a fishery management plan integrated into a coastal management plan, which should accompany the habitat protection. These plans could assist in the maintenance and the sustainable development of the artisanal fishing sector in Cape Creus as well as in other Mediterranean coastal areas where artisanal fisheries are also declining.     

Spatially Prioritizing Seafloor Mapping for Coastal and Marine Planning

Coastal and marine areas provide vital services to support the economic, cultural, recreational, and ecological needs of human communities, but sustaining these benefits necessitates a balance between growing and often competing uses and activities. Minimizing coastal zone conflict and reducing human-induced impacts to ecological resources requires access to consistent spatial information on the distribution and condition of marine resources. Seafloor mapping provides a detailed and reliable spatial template on the structure of the seafloor that has become a core data need for many resource management strategies. The absence of detailed maps of the seafloor hinders the effectiveness of priority setting in marine policy, regulatory processes, and marine stewardship. For large management areas, the relatively high cost of seafloor mapping and limited management budgets requires careful spatial prioritization. In order to address this problem, a consensus based approach, aided by decision-support tools, and participatory geographic information systems (GIS), was implemented in Long Island Sound to spatially prioritize locations, define additional data collection efforts needed, and identify products needed to inform decision-making. The methodology developed has utility for other states and regions in need of spatially prioritizing activities for coastal planning, and organizations charged with providing geospatial services to communities with broad informational needs.     

Abrolhos 2000 : Conserving the Southern Atlantic's Richest Coastal Biodiversity into the Next Century

The Abrolhos bank, an area of continental shelf off the coast of Bahia, Brazil, has the most biologically diverse coral reefs in the entire southern Atlantic Ocean. The coral reefs and nearby coastal ecosystems constitute a global conservation priority and are the target of the Abrolhos 2000 project, initiated by Conservation International as part of its global marine conservation strategy. Although portions of the Abrolhos reefs are located within a marine park, they are not afforded adequate protection due to insufficient conservation resources and a failure to be part of a broader integrated coastal management program. Through partnerships with government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, local communities, the private sector, and other stakeholders, Abrolhos 2000 is working to provide these needs while establishing local capacity for conserving coastal and marine ecosystems. The project's initial successes provide examples of useful strategies for making integrated coastal management work in the context of emerging economies.     

船舶能量管理系统PMS研究

详细介绍了船舶能量管理系统PMS的功能组成、结构及管理策略。首先阐述了能量管理系统PMS的功能组成模块及各模块的功能要点;其次以船舶电力系统为例,叙述了能量管理系统PMS的双层冗余网络体系结构;最后详细介绍了PMS系统能量优化管理的策略。     

船用柴油机综合保障系统研究

分析了船用柴油机综合保障概念和策略的发展及与柴油机维修性的关系,重点介绍了保障系统中维修计划管理;讨论了计算机辅助船用柴油机综合保障信息系统设计开发过程和系统主要功能模块,开发的原型系统可为进一步的实用系统研制提供参考.     

船舶生活污水臭气处理技术研究

船舶生活污水产生的臭气若处理不当将对船员的正常工作及生活产生影响。本文对船舶生活污水产生的臭气进行了分析研究,从危害、组成、排放标准及收集处理技术等方面进行了综述汇总,并对排放控制措施进行了理论计算,认为船舶生活污水臭气控制需是全过程控制方式,即从源头收集、过程处理及排放控制三方面入手才能取得较好的效果。     

船舶数据记录仪的主程序设计

基于现代航行管理要求,介绍一种船舶航行数据记录仪的主程序开发设计过程,详细论述各分步程序结构设计,并设计船舶主电源断电自动切换及记录报警程序,最后基于软硬件平台提出实现方案。     

船用辅助锅炉监控系统的设计与应用研究

文章应用工控机、PLC以及组态软件构成船用辅助锅炉自控系统，实现了船用锅炉设备的现场流程画面、实时报警、参数实时曲线、生产报表与管理报表以及锅炉的模拟仿真，满足了教学与船员评估训练的需求。     

VR技术在船舶发电机运维培训中的应用

针对船舶设备运维培训滞后的问题，结合实际生产需求中的运维管理实例，提出基于虚拟现实（Virtual Reality，VR）技术的船舶发电机运维培训新模式，改变传统以书面文字配合图片的培训方式，采用人机交互（Human Computer Interaction，HCI）技术赋予受训者更多的沉浸感和真实感。研究结果表明，新培训模式可确保船员及技术人员快速掌握相关的业务流程，为船舶相关作业指导提供新理念和新方法。     

基于RS-232串行通信的监控系统数据信息提取共享设计

文章针对某新型舰的动力系统在数据信息监测共享上的缺陷,提出了一种利用RS—232串行通信端口实现数据信息提取共享的方案,它充分利用传统串行接口的优势,采用轮询的方式实现串行通信,实现了实时控制通信和数据传输校验功能,并给出了硬件设计电路、软件设计流程图和设计方法。实验结果表明,采用文中给出的设计是可行的;系统在实时性、准确性上都达到良好效果,实现了集控室监控系统数据提取共享的功能,并满足便捷、经济的要求。     

The Evaluation of the 2nd Ocean Plan in Korea: Focused on the Implementing Power of the Plan

There seem to be two types of ocean planning system in the world. First, the federal or united government suggests a basic framework of the plan which is followed by states, countries or areas as shown in the European Union, the United States, Canada, Australia, and so on. Second, a powerful central government prepares a basic ocean plan that guides the following sector plans of the relevant ministries. These cases are shown in Japan, Korea, and China. In Korea, the 2nd Ocean and Fishery Development Plan (OK21, 2011–2020) was made as a comprehensive ocean plan reflecting recent natural and social changes including global warming. The OK21 is declarative in its nature, and so evaluated by its sector plans, which have some specific implementing means such as budgets and manpower, organization, and so on, by the relevant laws. The 2nd OK21 is supported by 21 legally binding sector plans, 14 more than in the 1st plan, thus guaranteeing more effective implementation than in the 1st plan. In addition, most of sector plans are planned to be carried out through the well-coordinated system among the related ministries, thus showing a high degree of implementing efficiency of the plan. Every marine area in the plan, including marine environment, is being supported by more sector plans than before, indicating the equitable development of marine areas in the future. In sum, the 2nd OK21 is expected to show more implementing power due to the well-organized sector plans than in the 1st plan.     

Modeling Coastal and Marine Environmental Risks in Belize: the Marine Integrated Decision Analysis System (MIDAS)

The livelihood of coastal communities is directly linked to the health of intertidal and marine ecosystems. Coastal zones and marine areas are rapidly changing and highly vulnerable to impacts from climate change, accelerating human development, and over-fishing. Quality of life and the benefits of coastal development can be greatly enhanced, and costs minimized, by projecting and comparing alternative policy outcomes before management decisions are made. This article describes the Marine Integrated Decision Analysis System (MIDAS), an interactive decision support tool designed to assist the users and managers of Belize's system of marine management areas (MMAs) in understanding the interactions among various ecological, socioeconomic, and governance conditions in a spatially explicit manner. MIDAS can simulate and visualize the likely effects of alternative management strategies and therefore provides an important tool for evaluating potential scenarios. We developed two MIDAS modules to address specific threats in Belize –spatial risk resulting from mangrove deforestation in coastal areas and the potential effect of an oil spill off the coast of Belize. Workshops conducted in Belize indicate that diverse user groups such as fishers, tourism operators, and public environmental agencies can successfully utilize MIDAS to understand MMA outcomes, and environmental risks.     

U.S. Fishery Management Councils as Ecosystem-Based Management Policy Takers and Policymakers

The United States has a new national ocean policy that adopts ecosystem-based management (EBM) as its first principle for managing U.S. ocean spaces and marine resources. However, U.S. laws that govern the uses of ocean spaces present a challenging tangle of authorities and mandates that do not easily facilitate ecosystem-based policies. For over 30 years, U.S. marine fisheries management has been guided by eight Regional Fishery Management Councils. Working under the many laws that guide setting stewardship priorities for ocean ecosystems, councils provide the Federal Government with advice on fisheries harvest levels, fish habitat protections, and fishing community needs. Implementing EBM for any ocean ecosystem requires a careful examination of the laws and policy processes that affect human interaction with that ecosystem. This article explores the U.S. perspective on federal ecosystem-based fisheries management, its part in U.S. national ocean policy, and how fishery management councils might position themselves as both EBM policymakers and policy takers for ocean resource management.     

“十一五”我国船用设备发展思路与原则探讨

最近，国家正式发布了《船舶工业中长期发展规划》，明确提出了主要船用设备及本土化配套设备装船率发展目标，并将提高船用设备配套能力列为五项主要工作之一。以《规划》为指导，尽快制定出船用设备发展规划，采取切实有效的政策措施，促进我国船舶配套业实现跨越式发展，使之与造船业发展相匹配，成为当前政府和船舶行业的一项紧迫任务。本文对制定“十一五”船用设备发展规划必须思考的我国船用设备发展的指导思想、思路与原则作了探讨。     

工程支持船柴油机余热分析及利用

分析了船舶柴油机余热的形成及组分,并就无动力多功能工程支持船余热利用方案进行了探讨。     

舰用发动机健康管理开放式系统架构

舰用发动机运行健康状态是影响舰船研制、试验及航行性能的决定性因素之一,对其进行有效、系统的管理意义重大。通过国外发动机健康管理系统现状以及我国舰用发动机健康管理应用需求的调研,对舰用发动机健康管理的功能架构及系统逻辑架构进行研究,形成适应我国海军舰船发展现状和未来需求的舰用发动机健康管理开放式系统架构。该研究将对我国海军舰用发动机及其他装备健康管理系统的研发起基础支撑作用。     

An overview of maintenance management strategies for corroded steel structures in extreme marine environments

Maintenance is playing an important role in integrity management of marine assets such as ship structures, offshore renewable energy platforms and subsea oil and gas facilities. The service life of marine assets is heavily influenced by the involvement of numerous material degradation processes (such as fatigue cracking, corrosion and pitting) as well as environmental stresses that vary with geographic locations and climatic factors. The composition of seawater constituents (e.g. dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature content, etc.) is one of the major influencing factors in degradation of marine assets. Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of maintenance management strategies can have a significant impact on operational availability and reliability of marine assets. Many research studies have been conducted over the past few decades to predict the degradation behaviour of marine structures operating under different environmental conditions. The utilisation of structural degradation data – particularly on marine corrosion – can be very useful in developing a reliable, risk-free and cost-effective maintenance strategy. This paper presents an overview of the state-of-the-art and future trends in asset maintenance management strategies applied to corroded steel structures in extreme marine environments. The corrosion prediction models as well as industry best practices on maintenance of marine steel structures are extensively reviewed and analysed. Furthermore, some applications of advanced technologies such as computerized maintenance management system (CMMS), artificial intelligence (AI) and Bayesian network (BN) are discussed. Our review reveals that there are significant variations in corrosion behaviour of marine steel structures and their industrial maintenance practices from one climatic condition to another. This has been found to be largely attributed to variation in seawater composition/characteristics and their complex mutual relationships.     

Marina inventory and berthing supply projections: Mississippi's Gulf Coast

Abstract

The location as well as pace of marina development is a major issue in current coastal zone management. The supply and demand for marinas providing certain services in specific locations are growing and must be met. At the same time the environmental integrity of the coastal zone must be maintained against the many possible impacts of marina development. Compounding these problems from the view of both the developer and coastal zone manager is the absence of necessary data and accepted methodologies for estimating future supply needs for marine berthing. This paper describes a multi‐focii approach to the establishment of an information base and marina supply projections for the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Data on existing marina types, services, and facilities are obtained via fieldwork; future marina slip supply needs are estimated using a combination of several techniques and data sources. The study serves two purposes. First, it initiates the basis for improved management of marina development on Mississippi's Gulf Coast. Second, on a more theoretical level, it stimulates research toward developing and validating supply and demand projection techniques for marinas.