对接国家战略 推进上海海洋工程产业创新发展

21世纪是海洋的世纪,加快海洋资源开发和利用成为世界各主要海洋国家发展的战略取向,开发和利用海洋油气资源特别是深海油气资源已作为国家的重要战略举措之一。为对接"发展海洋经济,建设海洋强国"的国家战略,上海市船舶与海洋工程学会在分析和研判海洋工程产业国内外发展现状与趋势的基础上,深刻剖析了上海海洋工程产业现状与基础、优势与问题,探讨其产业转型升级可能产生的影响及带来的机遇。提出了推进上海海洋工程产业升级发展总体思路、目标与原则,优先部署海洋工程重点发展的方向与项目,推动海洋工程产业领域发展的对策和建议。     

论船舶保安计划的实施

探讨了船舶保安计划(SSP)实施的重要性，船舶保安计划在实施中的工作重点、实施方法和可能存在的问题，并对此提出了实施建议。旨在帮助船舶保安员在新的国际规则实施后能正确处理船舶保安活动中出现的新问题，以确保船舶保安计划(SSP)在船上得到具体有效的实施。     

The Decline of the Artisanal Fisheries in Mediterranean Coastal Areas: The Case of Cap de Creus (Cape Creus)

This article examines the sociocultural, economic, and environmental causes of the decline of the artisanal fisheries in the rocky coast of Cape Creus (NW Mediterranean) over the past decades. The changes that have occurred over time have favored trawlers, purse-seiners, shellfish fisheries, and tourism activities, to the detriment of artisanal fisheries. This article shows that the establishment of a marine reserve in 1998 could not reverse the observed decline in the artisanal fisheries. This raises the necessity of implementing a fishery management plan integrated into a coastal management plan, which should accompany the habitat protection. These plans could assist in the maintenance and the sustainable development of the artisanal fishing sector in Cape Creus as well as in other Mediterranean coastal areas where artisanal fisheries are also declining.     

Noaa's marine sanctuary program

Abstract

Authority to designate marine sanctuaries was established by Title III of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972. One may view this authority as the ocean water counterpart to our National Parks and Seashores. Contained herein is a discussion of the components of the Title and how the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) plans to carry out the program. Nominations received to date are briefly discussed.     

大洋勘探船钻探系统总体方案设计

针对大洋科学钻探的实际需求,确定大洋勘探船钻探系统总体布置原则,开展提升系统、深孔钻进补偿系统、管柱自动化系统、钻探取芯及岩芯输送系统等关键系统的选型研究,确定目标勘探船提升系统采用绞车提升系统方案、深孔钻进补偿系统采用天车补偿方案、管柱自动化系统采用柱式排管系统方案,在此基础上完成钻探系统总体方案设计,为大洋勘探船钻探系统工程建造提供依据。     

A Football Field Lost Every 45 Minutes: Evaluating Local Capacity to Implement Louisiana's Coastal Master Plan

As Louisiana continues to experience substantial coastal wetland loss—at the rate of a football field every 45 min—and multiple disasters, state and federal officials struggle with implementing restoration plans in this highly productive ecosystem. The 2007 Louisiana Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast is the first large-scale restoration plan in the United States to incorporate hazard mitigation. However, there is no mandate for local governments to adhere to this plan. Building upon the planning quality and evaluation literature, this study analyzes comprehensive land use plans in Louisiana's coastal zone to systematically assess the quality of the plans within the context of a non-mandated, $50 billion large-scale state restoration plan. Results indicate a great disparity in plan quality; a majority of the local governments lack the capacity to implement the nonstructural programmatic elements of the state's plan. The study concludes with a discussion and recommendations for practice and future research.     

大洋钻探船泥浆系统设计研究

泥浆系统是大洋钻探船的重要组成部分,其设计常常面临系统设备众多,参数匹配困难、钻井作业效率低、安全性等问题,直接影响大洋钻探效果。该文在大洋钻探船泥浆需求论证基础上,对高压泥浆系统、泥浆配置系统、泥浆存储输送系统、泥浆处理系统、散料存储输送系统、高压固井系统等开展工艺流程分析,提出泥浆系统区域规划原则,合理规划泥浆泵舱、泥浆池舱和泥浆处理区域,形成适用于目标船型的泥浆系统区域布置方案;并基于泥浆工艺流程的功能要求,合理进行泥浆设备选型,形成系统配置方案,为船型工程设计提供依据。     

《船上油污应急计划》编制及其应用中问题的探讨

船上船污应急计划的编制和实施，对减轻海洋环境污染起了积极作用，尽管目前大量船舶都编制了该计划，经调查发现许多船舶在应用中还存在不少问题，为进一步提高各类船舶对所发生的油污应急反应能力，必须加强演练，定期评估、检查和修改已制定的计划。     

Development of a Human Use Objectives Framework for Integrated Management of the Eastern Scotian Shelf

Under the 1997 Oceans Act, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) is required to lead and facilitate the development of integrated management plans for Canada's oceans. One of the integrated management projects is the Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management Initiative (ESSIM), through which DFO is working with a range of stakeholders to develop and implement an integrated ocean management plan for the eastern Scotian Shelf. As part of this Initiative, DFO has undertaken a program to develop a set of objectives and related indicators for ocean management. This includes the development of a framework, objectives, and indicators for human use of the resource including the social, economic, and institutional (governance) components of ocean management, areas that have received little attention internationally. This article provides some background to ESSIM and human uses of the resources of the eastern Scotian Shelf; briefly reviews objectives-based management and human use objectives internationally; outlines the process undertaken to develop the Human Use Objectives Framework; presents the resultant objectives and indicators that were developed; and highlights some of the lessons learned and challenges for their implementation.     

无人机海洋观测系统集成技术研究

本文主要针对特定区域海洋观测的需求,以海洋环境和海上目标机动快速监测为目标,研制基于船载无人直升机平台的多传感器海洋观测系统.重点研究海洋观测的系统集成技术,包括无人机与机载载荷的集成、数据处理系统的集成.开展船载无人机起降和多传感器协同海洋观测的系统集成验证试验,最终建立船载无人机海、陆、气一体化的海洋观测系统.为构建面向海洋实际业务应用系统奠定基础.     

Ocean Citizenship: An Emergent Geographical Concept

Ocean citizenship describes a relationship between our everyday lives and the health of the coastal and marine environment. Through our everyday lives we affect, and are affected by, the marine and coastal environment in numerous ways. As such, individuals have a responsibility to make informed lifestyle choices to minimize this impact. In doing so, the actions of individuals can contribute to the amelioration of large-scale and seemingly insurmountable geographical problems. This article outlines the concept of ocean citizenship within the context of the public understanding of marine environmental issues. The article draws heavily on the experience of the National Maritime Museum as an important contributor to the development of ocean citizenship in the United Kingdom. Specifically, the Planet Ocean initiative will be examined, in which the Museum has adopted a multimodal approach to public engagement through exhibitions, educational resources, and specific research publications. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of geography in the development and sustainability of ocean citizenship.     

化学武器在海洋环境中的性能研究

化学武器一旦在海战场上使用,将会对水面舰艇构成巨大威胁,化学武器的杀伤特点与海洋环境密切相关,为减轻化学武器威胁,有必要了解化学武器在海洋环境中的性能特点。通过数学模型研究化学武器在海洋环境中的性能,研究结果表明,随着风速的增大,化学武器在短时间内的杀伤作用增强,杀伤作用持续时间缩短,舰船如能在化学武器袭击后,远离爆炸中心,可减轻化学武器造成的伤害。化学武器在海洋中的瞬时杀伤作用不及陆地,但其杀伤作用持续时间更长一些。     

“绿色船舶”的探讨

２１世纪将是一个发展与环保的新世纪。世界经济的发展必将促进航运业的发展，船舶的增加、航线的密集又会带来环境的严重污染。世界商船向“绿色船舶”过渡是发展生产力，保护海洋和大气环境的必由之路。本文试从公约、法规的强制性要求，技术装置的必要保证及管理培训措施落实诸方面来探讨“绿色船舶”研制和运行这一课题。并提请有关部门联合开发，跟上世界航运界这一新的潮流。     

集装箱船配载问题的粒子群算法研究

针对集装箱船配载优化中的Bay位优选问题,提出以倒箱量、重心横向偏移和初稳性高为目标,以箱位与Bay位的一致和Bay位重量为约束条件的数学模型,提出一种多目标离散粒子群算法(MODPSO)求解之,得到该算法优化后的Pareto解集和Pareto解迭代过程中的变化趋势图,为集装箱船配载问题提供多种方案以供备选,从而达到在提高集装箱船装载效率、节约装载成本和时间、使集装箱船获得稳定航行状态等目标间取得更好平衡的目的。     

PR系统中利用规划库建立、修正与更新规划假设

探讨了在规划识别系统中检索规划库内规划的方法，着重研究基于态势索引的检索问题。提出了基于事实及其属性的态势描述方法和建立状态库以便比较态势的相似性。此种方法适合于规划识别系统在初始情况下在规划库中找到较为完整的规划作为初始假设。还就在规划假设的确认、修正与更新中检索动作、动作序列和局部规划的方法进行了初步探讨。     

Public Perception of Ocean Governance and Marine Resources Management in Taiwan

Understanding public perception of the oceans, and relationship between society and the sea is an important key to the sustainable management of marine resources. This research reports the first population-based survey on Taiwanese public knowledge, attitudes, and actions on marine-related issues. The stratified random sampling by county was completed with 1,120 telephone respondents from October to December 2010. More than 60% of the respondents have heard about global warming, sea-level rising, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, the coral reef bleaching crisis, and Japan whaling fisheries. However, less than 20% of the respondents are aware of Taiwanese domestic marine policies, such as the Ocean White Paper. On resources conservation, 74.7% of the respondents support the bluefin tuna catches regulations and 76.6% agree that the shark fin fisheries will impact shark resources. Education and age are the major affecting variables for resource conservation and knowledge. Higher education and age 40–49 are most supportive of conservation measures. For marine recreational activities, 42.2% of the respondents can swim, and 44.2% of the respondents had not visited the beach in the previous year. The results suggest that the government could establish a specialized agency to strengthen its marine policy and take more actions to protect ocean environment and conserve marine resources. To encourage more Taiwanese to participate in ocean recreational activities, the government could build a safe facility for marine recreation, cooperate with the private sectors in education, and provide outreach to raise public awareness of the oceans.     

基于Vega的虚拟海洋视景仿真研究

虚拟海洋视景仿真系统足虚拟现实技术在军事领域中的应用.由于海浪运动的随机性,虚拟海洋的计算机生成成为视景仿真领域的研究难点.文中详细讨论了两种海浪模型,重点研究Vega中海浪原理和海洋模块的计算机实现,基于Vega软件生成海浪.从效果图中可以看出,模拟的海浪效果比较好,能够满足实际应用的需求.     

加速上海国际航运中心建设 提升上海海事产业和海洋经济发展水平

通过对当前上海经济运行情况的分析,指出了推进上海海洋经济发展所面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了从建设现代航运服务、做大做强船舶产业、提高海洋科技实力三方面来提升海事产业和海洋经济水平。     

Marine Social Science for the Peopled Seas

Coastal communities, indigenous peoples, and small-scale fishers rely on the ocean for livelihoods, for subsistence, for wellbeing and for cultural continuity. Thus, understanding the human dimensions of the world’s peopled seas and coasts is fundamental to evidence-based decision-making across marine policy realms, including marine conservation, marine spatial planning, fisheries management, the blue economy and climate adaptation. This perspective article contends that the marine social sciences must inform the pursuit of sustainable oceans. To this end, the article introduces this burgeoning field and briefly reviews the insights that social science can offer to guide ocean and coastal policy and management. The upcoming United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) provides a tremendous opportunity to build on the current interest, need for and momentum in the marine social sciences. We will be missing the boat if the marine social sciences do not form an integral and substantial part of the mandate and investments of this global ocean science for sustainability initiative.     

A Spatial Analysis of Fish Farming in the Context of ICZM in the Bay of Izmir-Turkey

Cage fish farming is one of the fastest growing food industries, both worldwide and in Turkey. There are growing concerns about the manner of resolving the competing claims for the use of limited coastline and water body space. Matters connected with the siting of fish farming increase the need for the integrated coastal zone planning of aquaculture. This should be undertaken in collusion with other coastal stakeholders and with the cooperation of the government ministries that promote and regulate aquaculture development. In this study the integration and coexistence of fish farms is evaluated in the context of other activities in Izmir Bay. This study shows how different terrestrial and marine activities interact with each other, and that certain areas are subject to layers of multiple usages. One of the major sea users of the Bay, for example, is the fishery sector, which utilizes 850.4 km² of a total surface area of Izmir's Bay of 960.4 km². This overlaps with the 113.4 km² that are used by marine transportation. Military zones encompass 63.1 km² and fish farming utilizes only 1.23 km². This study uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to build a spatial database that analyzes conflicting claims for integrating fish farming with other claimants. Clearly planned and properly managed fish farming development should be undertaken within a broader framework of integrated coastal zone management.