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为了研究腐蚀缺陷对管道的影响,通过ANSYS建立了不同尺寸的腐蚀缺陷,验证了模型的准确性,并研究了不同缺陷深度、长度、宽度对管道的Von mises应力影响,进而分析了缺陷深度和缺陷长度对于管道承载极限的影响。结果表明,管道的Von mises应力受缺陷深度和长度影响较大,缺陷宽度到达一定值时,对管道Von mises应力几乎无影响;缺陷深度的增大,大幅度降低了管道承载极限,对于缺陷长度较大的管道,影响更明显。 相似文献
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用于检测管道腐蚀缺陷的漏磁检测方法已运用多年,但传统的轴向漏磁检测方法无法检测到狭长的轴向腐蚀缺陷,使用周向漏磁检测则能很好地弥补轴向漏磁检测的不足。周向漏磁检测及其信号分析在国内还处于起步阶段。采用ANSYS仿真软件建立了周向漏磁检测模型,并进行了电磁场模拟;对仿真模型提取的漏磁信号与腐蚀缺陷的尺寸信息进行了定性分析,提出应用BP神经网络定量分析油气管道腐蚀缺陷与漏磁信号的关系。结果表明:漏磁信号能定性地判断腐蚀缺陷,而使用BP神经网络方法可以定量地确定管道腐蚀缺陷尺寸,有助于提高检测的精度,同时也为油气管道安全评价提供了依据。 相似文献
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在隧道掘进过程中,天然地应力的平衡状态将会受到破坏并进行应力重分布,在构造应力场或自重应力场作用下将会引发裂纹的起裂、扩展和贯通,从而导致隧道的失稳坍塌。文章采用数值模拟和室内模型试验方法对比分析了裂纹位置、长度、深度等因素对马蹄形断面隧道围岩结构稳定性的影响。其中,数值模拟分析了隧道围岩的破坏形式及对裂纹尖端应力强度因子的计算,隧道模型试验研究了裂纹对隧道模型抗压强度的影响。结果表明:(1)数值模拟结果与模型试验结果较为吻合;(2)裂纹位于马蹄形隧道的拐角处或裂纹倾角为45°时,对隧道的稳定性削弱作用最大;(3)隧道围岩内裂纹的长度越长,隧道模型的抗压强度越小;(4)裂纹长度达到一定程度时,裂纹深度对隧道的危害性作用基本呈线性增加的趋势;(5)裂纹缺陷对隧道围岩应力重分布及破坏形式有较大的影响。 相似文献
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为了验证高清漏磁内检测技术对焊缝处裂纹型缺陷检测能力,对西气东输二线一处裂纹型缺陷管进行了牵拉试验研究。牵拉试验结果表明:在4 m/s牵拉速度内,裂纹型缺陷信号特征明显,数据分析时可进行缺陷特征识别。在4.61 m/s最大牵拉速度下,缺陷特征信号幅值最大衰减达77%,缺陷特征仍存在,但因信号平缓,识别较困难。对利用高清漏磁内检测技术检测焊缝缺陷进行了展望。 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress. 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本. 相似文献
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Joseph N. Prashker 《Transportation》1979,8(4):329-346
Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area. 相似文献