基于LQR变传动比控制的4WIS电动车转向控制仿真研究

理想转向特性对改善车辆操纵稳定性有重要意义。本文中基于LQR最优控制理论,提出了一种新型后轮主动转向变传动比控制策略。首先,综合考虑低速操纵响应性与高速行驶稳定性,建立4WIS电动车理想转向特性;接着根据变传动比曲线设计预期的横摆角速度,并基于LQR最优控制理论提出了主动后轮转向控制策略,以跟踪横摆角速度的预期值;最后,针对典型的双移线工况,进行人车路闭环控制仿真,结果表明,所提出的控制策略较好地实现了理想转向特性。     

客车转向拉杆系统角传动比的分析和选择

对转向拉杆系统角传动比、转向机摇臂摆角的有效利用率、方向盘转动的总圈数对客车操纵稳定性的影响以及这些数值之间的内在联系进行分析;最后对客车转向拉杆系统角传动比作出推荐。     

线控转向系统理想传动比设计

线控转向系统由于其可以自由设计传动比的特点,可以保证在不同工况下,汽车都有着良好的转向特性和操纵稳定性。文章主要对线控转向系统理想传动比进行了研究设计。在中低速段,采用基于稳态横摆角速度增益不变的设计方案;在高速段,采用模糊控制对传动比进行设计。最后通过仿真试验,验证了设计的理想传动比的控制效果。     

ADAMS软件在汽车操纵稳定性研究中的应用

以转向盘转角阶跃输入为例,说明采用ADAMS对车辆操纵稳定性进行研究评价的方法及过程。利用AD-AMS软件可以进行不同车速、不同载荷下的操纵稳定性仿真,能够对车辆的操纵稳定性做出预测,为设计提供参考,这对于车辆开发前期对车辆性能的预测十分重要。     

基于ADAMS的麦弗逊式独立悬架优化仿真分析

针对轿车前悬架系统对车辆操纵稳定性有较大影响,文章利用机械系统动力学分析软件ADAMS建立了带有转向系统的麦弗逊式独立悬架模型,并对其进行仿真分析.通过修改前悬架的定位参数来对其进行优化设计,从而研究悬架参数对车辆操纵稳定性的影响.数值计算表明,优化后的悬架使得前轮定位参数基本达到一个最优值,为改进汽车操纵稳定性提供了参考依据.     

装备EPS系统特锐样车操纵稳定性客观评价

对装备电动助力转向(EPS)系统的整车操纵稳定性进行评价的必要性进行了分析,介绍了装备EPS的整车操纵稳定性评价的具体内容。给出装备EPS的特锐样车原地转向轻便性、转向盘中间位置操纵稳定性、转向回正性、转向瞬态响应特性(转向盘转角脉冲输入)的试验方法和标准,对其操纵稳定性进行了评价。评价结果表明,所采用的评价方法有效、可行。     

变传动比在线控转向系统中的应用

为解决传统转向系统“轻”与“灵”的矛盾,文章在线控转向系统平台上分析了横摆角速度与操纵稳定性的关系以及转向盘转角和车速对传动比的影响。在兼顾操纵稳定性和转向特性的同时,提出以横摆角速度为系统状态识别变量的模糊变传动比控制,设计了模糊变传动比控制器。经过仿真分析,得到较理想的特性曲线。该控制策略具有较强的创新性、应用性和参考性。     

基于变传动比的全轮线控转向车辆可拓H∞控制方法研究

为了解决传统固定转向传动比以及鲁棒H_∞控制方法无法很好地改善车辆稳定性的问题,提出全轮线控转向车辆的变传动比和可拓H_∞控制策略。首先,建立八自由度车辆动力学模型和轮胎模型。其次,以车辆方向盘转角和车速为输入信息,基于模糊控制方法设计全轮线控转向车辆的转向传动比,并计算出全轮线控转向车辆的前轮转角。然后,以横摆角速度偏差和偏差微分为特征值,基于可拓控制理论将车辆状态划分为3个区域：经典域、可拓域和非域;在经典域中,采用基于横摆角速度反馈的鲁棒H_∞控制方法,实时获取全轮线控转向车辆的后轮转角;在可拓域和非域中,结合可拓控制和H_∞控制策略,动态调整H_∞控制器的输出信号,在保证控制系统鲁棒性的前提下改善车辆的操纵稳定性。最后,基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台和自主研制的全轮线控转向特种消防救援车辆,通过正弦转向、单移线、阶跃转向、双移线等典型工况对所提控制方法进行验证,并以平均绝对误差和均方根误差为评价指标,与无控制和H_∞控制方法进行对比分析。仿真和试验测试结果表明：①变传动比控制方法不仅可以提高车辆低速时的转向灵敏度,也能改善车辆高速时的稳定性;②相比传统鲁棒H_∞控制,可拓H_∞控制策略提高了全轮线控转向车辆的操纵稳定性,改善了车辆全轮线控转向控制系统的鲁棒性。     

转矩式限滑差速器对后轮驱动汽车操纵稳定性影响的研究

采用7自由度车辆动力学模型,对装用JA1020LSD型转矩式限滑差速器的后轮驱动汽车进行了操纵稳定性研究。通过仿真分析和道路试验研究表明:装用限滑差速器后增加了后轮驱动车辆的不足转向趋势,即改善了操纵稳定性,但转向力矩略有增加。     

齿轮齿条式转向器齿条力测试方法研究

在新车型开发过程中,EPS标定是一个重要环节,直接影响汽车的操纵稳定性,而转向器齿条力是EPS标定的一个重要参数依据。由于齿轮、齿条的结构形式导致直接测试齿条力难以实现,因此将齿条力测试转化为转向横拉杆力测试。通过电阻应变计(应变片)和力传感器两种不同方式在同一试验车辆上对转向横拉杆的受力进行测试,根据测得的转向横拉杆的受力及转向横拉杆与齿条轴线的空间夹角关系,计算出各工况下的最大齿条力。结果表明:以上两种方法具有合理性,并都适用于汽车齿轮齿条式转向器齿条力测试。     

Multi-Body Dynamics in Full-Vehicle Handling Analysis under Transient Manoeuvre

This paper presents a 94 degrees of freedom non-linear multi-body dynamics model of a vehicle comprising front and rear suspensions, steering system, road wheels, tyres and vehicle inertia. The model incorporates all sources of compliance: stiffness and damping, all with non-linear characteristics. The model is used for the purpose of vehicle handling analysis. A simulation run, pertaining to a double lane change is undertaken in-line with the ISO 3888 standard.     

基于刚柔耦合仿真模型的汽车转向机构改进设计

针对SGA3550矿用汽车样车出现的转向梯形臂扭转变形问题,应用多体系统动力学方法对其进行了分析研究.应用有限元软件建立了转向横拉杆模型,计算其固有模态.结合多体动力学分析软件建立了汽车转向机构的刚柔耦合仿真模型,研究转向梯形臂在转向过程和车轮反向跳动过程中承受的扭矩,并与多刚体模型的仿真结果进行了对比.结果表明,基于刚柔耦合模型的仿真分析更为准确地反映了转向机构的动力学特征.     

整车多体动力学模型的建立、验证及仿真分析

利用多体动力学方法建立了某轿车的整车非线性多体动力学模型,模型中考虑了前后悬架、转向系统的详细几何结构参数,以及连接处的橡胶衬套、阻尼器的非线性特性,轮胎采用M agic Formu la模型。对所建模型进行了多种试验验证,并分析了该样车的操纵稳定性等相关特性,仿真结果表明所建整车多体模型有较高的精度。     

Interaction of vehicle and steering system regarding on-centre handling

For the on-centre handling behaviour of vehicles the steering system is absolutely important. To investigate the interaction of the vehicle and steering system a validated, especially tailored simulation model was developed. Some meaningful vehicle and steering system parameters are altered to show the influence on steering wheel torque, steering feel and understeer. The results underline the importance of an accurate steering system model. Identified measures to improve the centre feel and steering response were a stiffer torsion bar, a higher cornering stiffness or a lower overall steering ratio. The steering response, however, suffers when the centre feel is improved by a higher trail. The steering rack friction reduces mainly the steering response while the steering column friction decreases the centre feel whereas a stiffer torsion bar lessens the understeer tendency.     

Interaction of vehicle and steering system regarding on-centre handling

For the on-centre handling behaviour of vehicles the steering system is absolutely important. To investigate the interaction of the vehicle and steering system a validated, especially tailored simulation model was developed. Some meaningful vehicle and steering system parameters are altered to show the influence on steering wheel torque, steering feel and understeer. The results underline the importance of an accurate steering system model. Identified measures to improve the centre feel and steering response were a stiffer torsion bar, a higher cornering stiffness or a lower overall steering ratio. The steering response, however, suffers when the centre feel is improved by a higher trail. The steering rack friction reduces mainly the steering response while the steering column friction decreases the centre feel whereas a stiffer torsion bar lessens the understeer tendency.     

基于ADAMS/Car弹性运动学对整车分析的影响

ADAMS软件提供了柔性体模块,可真实地模拟物体的运动,文章以某轿车为研究对象,利用ADAMS仿真软件建立了带有弹性下控制臂悬架的整车模型。选择开环转向事件里的转向阶跃输入进行仿真分析,在后处理中对横摆角速度、车速、侧向加速度和纵向加速度进行分析。结果表明,柔性体悬架模型比多刚体悬架模型对车身的横摆角速度、侧向加速度、纵向加速度以及速度等具有更好的抑制作用,有利于提高汽车操纵稳定性。     

四轮转向车辆多体仿真与试验研究

以四轮转向原理样车为对象,运用多体动力学理论对四轮转向车辆的转向特性进行了计算机仿真研究和试验验证。对建立整车多体模型的方法进行了论述。通过对仿真数据与样车试验结果的对比分析,证明了四轮转向多体模型各类参数和控制方法的正确性和适用性。最后利用建立的整车多体模型,仿真分析了前后悬架刚度对操纵稳定性的影响,以及制动转向时的转向响应特性。     

Lateral dynamics of single unit skid-steered tracked vehicle

In the design and development of high-speed tracked vehicles, it is necessary to have an understanding of the interrelationship between the terrain factors and the vehicle characteristics during steering. The handling behavior of skid-steered tracked vehicles is more complex than that of wheeled vehicles because of non-linear characteristics arising from the sliding interface between the track and the ground. In the present work, a five degree-of-freedom (DOF) steering model of a tracked vehicle is developed, and the handling behavior during non-stationary motion is studied when operating at high and low speeds. It is demonstrated that the inclusion of roll and pitch DOF changes the steering response when compared to the response from three DOF models proposed earlier by several researchers. This is due to the strong coupling between the pitch and yaw motions. The effect of the initial forward velocities on the trajectory of the vehicle during non-stationary motion is also studied. It is observed from the results that the stability is influenced by the type of steering input, steering ratio and vehicle forward speed.     

Sensitivity analysis and optimisation of suspension bushing using Taguchi method and grey relational analysis

In this paper, a novel method is presented for investigating suspension bushing based on mechanical properties of the bushing, their effective directions, spring stiffness and damping coefficient of bushing. The vehicle vibration model and suspension geometry parameters are used to optimise the vehicle suspension based on multi-body dynamics simulation (ADAMS/CAR) initially. Several experiment tests based on ISO 4128 and ISO 7401 have been performed in one of main Iranian automaker (SAIPA) in order to verify the ADAMS/CAR model. The grey relational analysis based on using Taguchi L27 orthogonal array is used to obtain the optimum suspension. Then the bushing characteristics are optimised considering the indicated method. This method considers a combination of ride comfort and handling qualities of vehicle as objective functions simultaneously. The results of optimum suspension are compared with typical Renault Logan which declares the accuracy and efficiency of this method in optimising suspension bushing.     

Theory and experimental research on six-track steering vehicles

The structural characteristics and steering behaviour of a six-track vehicle are described in this paper. Kinematic analysis for skid steering of a six-track vehicle under steady-state conditions on firm ground is conducted, with the relationship between thrust force and speed instantaneous centre of the track–terrain interface taken into consideration. A mechanical model for steady steering of a six-track vehicle is also presented based on the kinematic analysis. In this model, the steering inaccuracy and efficiency are defined to evaluate steering performance. The steering performance of a six-track vehicle is numerically simulated to analyse the effect of the structural parameters and deflection angles on tracks. A virtual prototype model is established based on the multi-body dynamics software RecurDyn for steering simulation and the findings coincide well with theoretical results. The theory and the virtual prototype simulations presented are verified by a power test of a bucket-wheel excavator. The method for analysing the steering performance of a six-track vehicle proposed in this paper provides a basis for designing a six-track vehicle.