基于三步法—船舶二级脱硝系统的控制设计

选择性催化还原(SCR)是一种被广泛应用于船舶柴油机尾气排放NO_x的后处理技术，但SCR脱硝系统具有大惯性、非线性以及不确定性的特点，使得常规控制方案不能较好地实现SCR脱硝系统的控制。以船舶柴油机的SCR脱硝系统为研究对象，搭建船舶二级脱硝系统模型，并设计三步法非线性控制器来跟踪氨覆盖率目标值；分析经济、标准、超载等3种工况下的脱硝率和氨逃逸量。结果表明：基于提出的三步法—船舶二级脱硝控制器，可进一步提高脱硝率、降低氨逃逸量。     

船舶尾气处理技术分析

分析船舶脱硝原理与方法，重点介绍选择性催化还原（SCR）系统工作原理、尿素系统设计、催化剂使用以及SCR系统的吹灰，并提出改进方案，即增加尿素系统日用药剂泵、在排烟管路正确安装尿素喷射器以及为SCR系统配备NO_X传感器等，使脱硝效果更加显著。此外，还分析了船舶脱硫方法及每种方法的优缺点，并介绍了当前船舶脱硫脱硝一体化技术，提出目前无论脱硫还是脱硝技术都存在污染海洋的可能，液化天然气（LNG）才是未来船舶尾气减排的发展方向。     

基于区间约束GPC的船舶SCR脱硝系统多工况控制

不同工况下的船舶柴油机脱硝系统具有很强的非线性和时变性，常用的单一控制器难以准确控制，因此对船舶选择性催化还原（SCR）脱硝系统进行自适应控制研究尤为重要。从SCR的反应微分方程入手，建立船舶柴油机SCR脱硝系统的机理模型，并通过模型仿真的离线数据辨识建立不同工况下该系统的ARMAX模型；设计基于该模型的广义预测控制器以实现多工况的自适应控制。考虑到执行机构的使用寿命，加入区间约束算法，提出并设计带区间约束算法的广义预测控制（GPC）控制器。研究结果表明：与传统的GPC和模型预测控制（MPC）控制器相比，带区间约束的GPC控制器不仅能在变工况时保持较高的脱硝率，而且能显著减少执行器的动作次数，从而提高船舶柴油机SCR脱硝系统的使用寿命。     

反馈控制技术在船舶废气SCR系统中的应用

船舶废气脱硝处理多采用选择性催化还原(SCR)技术将船舶废气中的氮氧化物转化为无污染的氮气和水。在SCR系统中利用控制器及监测设备对船舶废气脱硝处理过程实行自动监测及控制。结合船舶柴油机废气处理的特点,研究反馈控制技术在船舶废气脱硝系统中的应用,进一步提高船舶废气脱硝系统运行的控制精度及脱硝效率,增强了系统运行的稳定性及安全性。     

船舶柴油机SCR系统尿素喷射控制仿真

选择性催化还原技术(selective catalytic reduction)是一种柴油机尾气排放后处理技术。针对船舶柴油机SCR系统非线性、难以建模以及难以控制的特点,分析系统内部的化学反应,根据能量和质量守恒确定各状态量满足的微分方程,建立SCR系统数学模型,并验证其特性。为了实现SCR系统的控制目标,即保证NH3逃逸量不超过限定值的前提下,尽可能提高NOX转化率,以NH3逃逸量为约束输出,NOX出口浓度为控制输出,氨喷射量为控制变量,设计了非线性模型预测控制器,实时计算系统所需尿素喷射量。实验仿真表明了非线性模型预测控制器的有效性,稳态工况和瞬态工况下NOX转化率分别达到了93.803%和91.760%,NH3逃逸量均低于10ppm ,满足Tier III标准对船舶柴油机尾气氮氧化物排放的限制。     

船舶推进感应电机无速度传感器技术研究

将全阶状态观测器技术应用于船舶推进感应电机无速度传感器控制系统中,实现对推进电机转速的实时辨识。以定子电流和转子磁链为状态变量,构建全阶状态观测器。再以全阶状态观测器为可调模型,驱动电机为参考模型,使用模型参考自适应的方法对电机转速进行辨识。针对转速估算系统低速区域不稳定问题,设计出能保证系统在低速时保持稳定的反馈增益矩阵设计准则。在Matlab/Simulink仿真环境下进行仿真。     

船舶推进感应电机无速度传感器技术研究

将全阶状态观测器技术应用于船舶推进感应电机无速度传感器控制系统中,实现对推进电机转速的实时辨识.以定子电流和转子磁链为状态变量,构建全阶状态观测器.再以全阶状态观测器为可调模型,驱动电机为参考模型,使用模型参考自适应的方法对电机转速进行辨识.针对转速估算系统低速区域不稳定问题,设计出能保证系统在低速时保持稳定的反馈增益矩阵设计准则.在Matlab/Simulink仿真环境下进行仿真.     

基于渐消记忆自适应滤波的船舶动力定位算法仿真

由于船舶在海上运动的复杂性和非线性,精确的船舶动力定位系统数学模型难以建立.为了实现有效的动力定位控制,需要应用一定的状态估计滤波算法得到所需的船舶运动低频信号.采用常规的Kalman滤波,状态变量的新测量值对预测值的修正作用下降,旧测量值的影响随着计算步数的累积而相对提高,这是引起滤波发散的主要原因之一.文章针对船舶动力定位系统中使用常规的Kalman滤波而存在的模型不精确、 不能准确表达系统噪声和测量噪声等问题,采用渐消记忆自适应滤波估算低频运动信息,在状态估计算法中引入渐消记忆因子,减小旧测量值对状态估计值的影响权重,从而增大新测量值的作用;并根据滤波发散判断准则,选择适当的渐消记忆因子值来抑制滤波器的发散,使控制器输出较为平稳,从而降低推力系统不必要的能耗.仿真实验表明,所设计的自适应滤波器的收敛性、跟踪性优于常规的Kalman滤波,有效地提高了系统的定位精度和稳定性.     

基于渐消记忆自适应滤波的船舶动力定位算法仿真（英文）

由于船舶在海上运动的复杂性和非线性,精确的船舶动力定位系统数学模型难以建立。为了实现有效的动力定位控制,需要应用一定的状态估计滤波算法得到所需的船舶运动低频信号。采用常规的Kalman滤波,状态变量的新测量值对预测值的修正作用下降,旧测量值的影响随着计算步数的累积而相对提高,这是引起滤波发散的主要原因之一。文章针对船舶动力定位系统中使用常规的Kalman滤波而存在的模型不精确、不能准确表达系统噪声和测量噪声等问题,采用渐消记忆自适应滤波估算低频运动信息,在状态估计算法中引入渐消记忆因子,减小旧测量值对状态估计值的影响权重,从而增大新测量值的作用;并根据滤波发散判断准则,选择适当的渐消记忆因子值来抑制滤波器的发散,使控制器输出较为平稳,从而降低推力系统不必要的能耗。仿真实验表明,所设计的自适应滤波器的收敛性、跟踪性优于常规的Kalman滤波,有效地提高了系统的定位精度和稳定性。     

一种基于扩展状态观测器的智能船舶Nomoto模型参数辨识方法北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了支持制导、导航、控制等船舶智能化技术的测试验证平台的搭建,利用系统辨识技术得到高精度的智能船舶野本(Nomoto)运动模型参数。[方法]充分结合扩展状态观测器(ESO)以及鲁棒加权最小二乘支持向量回归(RW-LSSVR)算法的优势,提出一种高效低成本的混合参数辨识方法。为解决模型参数辨识中无法直接有效获取某些状态量的问题,构建了基于ESO的状态估计方法。基于估计方法与直接测量的船舶运动状态量,采用具有较强抗异常值干扰的RW-LSSVR对智能船舶二阶线性Nomoto运动模型参数进行辨识。以已知模型的两艘船舶为测验对象,对所提参数估计与辨识方法进行综合测验。[结果]在利用较少传感器的情况下,通过ESO可较精确地估计出非直接测量的船舶运动状态量,并且利用RW-LSSVR辨识得到的参数值十分接近标准值。[结论]利用所提方法获得的估计状态可用于参数辨识,并且辨识模型具有较好的泛化性。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.