Damping Performance of Power Transmission System with Hydraulic Torque Converter

In this work three first-order nonlinear, nonstationary differential equations describing a hydraulic torque converter in a power transmission system are used.

A linear model is obtained on the basis of these equations. This model is verified both theoretically and by an experimental test. On the basis of the calculations the torsional damping was determined. This permitted the damping performance of a power transmission system with a hydraulic torque converter to be defined and established.     

越野汽车机械自动变速闭锁与滑差液压控制系统动态特性研究

根据越野汽车机械自动变速系统的特点和液力变矩器滑差与闭锁离合器的控制原理,设计了换挡、滑差和闭锁液压控制系统,并确定了滑差和闭锁控制区域。利用功率键合图法,建立了液压控制系统的数学模型,在对原系统稳定性进行分析的基础上,采用极点配置法对极点进行配置,保证了系统的稳定性。对液压控制系统进行动态仿真,同时对闭锁、滑差过程进行了试验验证。     

具有双离合器的液力变矩器的结构设计

将液力变矩器与机械式自动变速器合理匹配可组成一种新型自动变速系统，其性能接近自动变速器，但成本降低。为该系统设计了具有双离合器(闭锁离合器，换档离合器)的液力变矩器。阐述了该液力变矩器的结构、工作原理及特点。试验结果表明，所设计液力变矩器可支持新型自动变速系统成为现实。     

现代汽车电控液力自动变速器

自动变速器主要由变矩器、行星变速系统、液压控制系统和电控系统四个部分组成、结合丰田豪华型轿车使用的Ａ４３ＤＥ型自动变速器和蓝鸟车装用的ＲＬＦ０２Ａ型自动变速器，对自动变速器中的变矩器和行星变速系统的结构，工作原理和特性进行了详细介绍。     

混凝土搅拌运输车液压系统主要元件选型

液压系统是混凝土搅拌运输车传递动力的主要部分。以10m3混凝土搅拌运输车为研究对象,通过逆向推理用两种方法确定搅拌罐的驱动阻力矩。根据驱动阻力矩通过减速机传动比确定液压马达的型号,根据选取的液压马达的型号确定液压泵的型号,最后确定补油泵的型号。同时改进了操纵杆面板,减小了快速切换搅拌罐转向时对液压系统的冲击,提高了主要液压元件的寿命。     

基于遗传算法的工程车辆自动变速神经网络控制

为了提高工程车辆传动系统效率，保持液力变矩器工作在高效区，提出了基于径向基函数神经网络的工程车辆自动变速控制方法，利用车辆传动试验台换挡控制试验的数据作为学习样本，采用遗传算法对径向基网络进行训练，并进行了验证性的仿真试验。仿真结果表明：该算法收敛速度快，能够满足工程车辆对换挡实时性的要求，可以根据车辆运行状态确定最佳挡住，并能够保证液力变矩器经常工作在高效区。     

Control of Longitudinal and Lateral Platoon Using Sliding Control

SUMMARY

This paper initially introduces a vehicle model that can be utilized for simulation tests in the field of AVCS studies. This model contains the non-linear elements of the engine, the torque converter, the automatic gear shift and the tire. The vehicle model has 3 degrees of freedom and it can be used for multiple vehicle simulations in AVCS as well as in ATIMS. This paper applies the model to the study and analysis of vehicle “platooning” for automated driving. In this paper, it is shown that platooning can be realized both longitudinally and laterally by the application of the sliding control.     

基于Simulink/Cruise的6AT液力变矩器闭锁性能联合仿真

根据液力变矩器的工作原理及闭锁条件,制定液力变矩器控制策略。利用Simulink建立液力变矩器控制模型,并利用Cruise和Simulink进行联合仿真,验证控制策略的可行性。仿真结果表明,液力变矩器控制模型正确,闭锁离合器能够准确按照闭锁条件闭锁,并且可以显著改善车辆的燃油经济性和排放性能。本文的研究可以为液力变矩器的闭锁研究提供一定的理论依据。     

A theoretical model of speed-dependent steering torque for rolling tyres

ABSTRACT

It is well known that the tyre steering torque is highly dependent on the tyre rolling speed. In limited cases, i.e. parking manoeuvre, the steering torque approaches the maximum. With the increasing tyre speed, the steering torque decreased rapidly. Accurate modelling of the speed-dependent behaviour for the tyre steering torque is a key factor to calibrate the electric power steering (EPS) system and tune the handling performance of vehicles. However, no satisfactory theoretical model can be found in the existing literature to explain this phenomenon. This paper proposes a new theoretical framework to model this important tyre behaviour, which includes three key factors: (1) tyre three-dimensional transient rolling kinematics with turn-slip; (2) dynamical force and moment generation; and (3) the mixed Lagrange–Euler method for contact deformation solving. A nonlinear finite-element code has been developed to implement the proposed approach. It can be found that the main mechanism for the speed-dependent steering torque is due to turn-slip-related kinematics. This paper provides a theory to explain the complex mechanism of the tyre steering torque generation, which helps to understand the speed-dependent tyre steering torque, tyre road feeling and EPS calibration.     

液力变矩器膨胀变形试验研究

液力变矩器在工作载荷下，同时受到油压的面力和旋转所产生的离心力作用而发生变形。其变形的大小将直接影响到液力变矩器的性能和在工作中与相邻零部件间的位置关系。通过设计和开发液力变矩器膨胀试验机的动态自动测试系统和试验装置，对液力变矩器的轴向位移进行了试验研究。得到液力变矩器在加压情况下膨胀变形大于在加速情况下的变形，且在加压情况下变形与腔内油压呈线性关系。     

Heavy-duty vehicle modelling and longitudinal control

This paper addresses modelling, longitudinal control design and implementation for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). The challenging problems here are: (a) an HDV is mass dominant with low power to mass ratio; (b) They possess large actuator delay and actuator saturation. To reduce model mismatch, it is necessary to obtain a nonlinear model which is as simple as the control design method can handle and as complicated as necessary to capture the intrinsic vehicle dynamics. A second order nonlinear vehicle body dynamical model is adopted, which is feedback linearizable. Beside the vehicle dynamics, other main dynamical components along the power-train and drive-train are also modelled, which include turbocharged diesel engine, torque converter, transmission, transmission retarder, pneumatic brake and tyre. The braking system is the most challenging part for control design, which contains three parts: Jake (engine compression) brake, air brake and transmission retarder. The modelling for each is provided. The use of engine braking effect is new complementary to Jake (compression) brake for longitudinal control, which is united with Jake brake in modelling. The control structure can be divided into upper level and lower level. Upper level control uses sliding mode control to generate the desired torque from the desired vehicle acceleration. Lower level control is divided into two branches: (a) engine control: from positive desired torque to desired fuel rate (engine control) using a static engine mapping which basically captures the intrinsic dynamic performance of the turbo-charged diesel engine; (b) brake control: from desired negative torque to generate Jake brake cylinder number to be activated and ON/OFF time periods, applied pneumatic brake pressure and applied voltage of transmission retarder. Test results are also reported.     

Fuzzy Control of Clutch Engagement for Automated Manual Transmission

SUMMARY

This paper presents a fuzzy control system for the clutch engagement of an automated manual transmission. The servomechanism is assembled with a three-port pneumatic pressure-proportional valve and a position-sensing cylinder which control the release-lever displacement of 25 mm within the position preciseness of 0.1 mm against maximum spring load of 2kN. The fuzzy system is skillful to estimate the driver's will from the accelerator pedal operation. The servomechanism is mounted on a commercial vehicle with 4-ton pay-load. The system parameters are set up by bond graphs simulation and empirical performance tests are carried by using an oil-hydraulically operated engine-vehicle testing rig with a maximum torque capacity of 400 Nm.     

Vehicle dynamics control of an electric-all-wheel-drive hybrid electric vehicle using tyre force optimisation and allocation

ABSTRACT

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) offer improved fuel efficiency compared to conventional vehicles at the expense of adding complexity and at times, reduced total power. As a result, HEV generally lack the dynamic performance that customers enjoy. To address this issue, the paper presents a HEV with electric All-Wheel-Drive capabilities via the use of torque vectoring electric rear axle drive (TVeRAD) to power the rear axle. The addition of TVeRAD to a front wheel drive HEV improves the total power output. To improve the handling characteristics of the vehicle, the TVeRAD provides torque vectoring at the rear axle. A bond graph model of the drivetrain is developed and used in co-simulation with CarSim. The paper proposes a control system which utilises control allocation to optimise tyre forces. The proposed control system is tested in the simulation environment with a high fidelity CarSim vehicle model. Simulation results show the control system is able to maximise vehicle longitudinal performance while avoiding tyre saturation on low mu surfaces. More importantly, the control system is able to track the desired yaw moment request on a high speed double lane change manoeuvre through the use of the TVeRAD to improve the handling characteristic of the vehicle.     

双状态无级变速车辆起步控制

通过发动机和液力变矩器台架试验，采用拟合的方法得到发动机及变矩器模型，建立了用变矩器作起步装置的双状态无级变速传动系统动力学模型，提出了串联式双状态无级变速车辆起步控制策略和液力变矩器锁止离合器闭锁解锁控制规律，并进行了计算机仿真。     

The Wheel Shimmy Problem: Its Relationship to Wheel and Road Irregularities

SUMMARY

The equations of motion are derived for a single wheel steerable pneumatic tire system. Included in this system are a built-in wheel wobble and wheel-tire irregularities which produce oscillation of the normal load. Special emphasis is placed on the dynamic characterization of the tire cornering force and aligning torque. The results show that the built-in wheel wobble causes a steady shimmy which is large when the wheel rotation frequency is close to the natural shimmy frequency. The results also show that a normal load oscillation which has a frequency approximately twice the natural shimmy frequency causes a decrease in shimmy stability.     

带锁止离合器的城市公共汽车电控液力机械变速器

本文介绍了由ＤＦＺＦＢ－３２３型带锁止离合器导轮可反转型的液力变矩器与动力换机械变速箱组成的ＧＹＢ－１００型新型城市公共汽车液力机械变速器及电子控制的结构特点，通过样车试验表明，城市公共汽车采用电子控制的液力机械变速器后，具有良好的起步，加速性能，易于驾驶，并且有良好的燃油经济性，提高了我国大客车的生产技术水平以及多种性能和可靠性水平，因而它是一种有发展前景的优于传统机械变速器的客车传动装置。     

Torque coordinating robust control of shifting process for dry dual clutch transmission equipped in a hybrid car

For a hybrid car equipped with dual clutch transmission (DCT), the coordination control problems of clutches and power sources are investigated while taking full advantage of the integrated starter generator motor's fast response speed and high accuracy (speed and torque). First, a dynamic model of the shifting process is established, the vehicle acceleration is quantified according to the intentions of the driver, and the torque transmitted by clutches is calculated based on the designed disengaging principle during the torque phase. Next, a robust H_∞ controller is designed to ensure speed synchronisation despite the existence of model uncertainties, measurement noise, and engine torque lag. The engine torque lag and measurement noise are used as external disturbances to initially modify the output torque of the power source. Additionally, during the torque switch phase, the torque of the power sources is smoothly transitioned to the driver's demanded torque. Finally, the torque of the power sources is further distributed based on the optimisation of system efficiency, and the throttle opening of the engine is constrained to avoid sharp torque variations. The simulation results verify that the proposed control strategies effectively address the problem of coordinating control of clutches and power sources, establishing a foundation for the application of DCT in hybrid cars.     

Development and Evaluation of a High Voltage Supply Unit for Electrorheological Fluid Dampers

SUMMARY

Controllable dampers using electrorheological (ER) fluids have attracted considerable interest in recent years. They are proposed for use in semi-active suspensions for ground vehicles. The main advantages of ER fluid dampers are their fast response, ease of control, simple construction and low power requirements. This paper describes the development and testing of a high-voltage supply unit for modulating the damping force of an ER fluid damper. Experimental results on the vibration isolation characteristics of an ER fluid damper with different control strategies, obtained using a quarter-car model test rig, are also presented.     

Analytical study to estimate the performance of the Power Shift Drive (PSD) Axle for a forklift

In this study, a new concept for a power delivery system is developed. Power Shift Drive (PSD) Axle vehicle modeling and dynamic movement analysis are performed via simulation. The dynamic vehicle model is constructed from data obtained from the derived equation, considering the specific characteristics of each part. The model is composed of a torque converter, a gear box, a differential, hub reduction and an engine, which is the power source of the 1st forward and reverse PSD-Axle. By unifying the mathematical equations for each component, a mathematical model of the 1st forward gear is derived. The system dynamic model is created using MATLAB/Simulink based on the mathematical model. Simulation is carried out using Simulink to estimate the dynamic behavior of the PSD-Axle. In addition, the dynamo test result is used to verify the model. Finally, a successful model is created. This study will be used to establish the basic conceptual design for the PSD-Axle multi-gear system.