深海采油平台发展现状和设计中的关键问题

随着海洋油气开发逐渐向深海推进,深海采油平台的使用越来越普遍.国外平台建造海域最大水深已达到2 000多米,我国未来5～10年海洋石油开采海域水深可能达到500～1500m,建造深海采油平台势在必行.因此,及早了解国外深海平台的建造和使用情况,探讨深海平台设计中的关键问题,对我国海洋油气开发具有重要意义.本文描述了国外深海采油平台的发展现状,阐明了不同形式深海平台的特点和设计中需关注的问题,指出了不同形式深海采油平台的一些优点和不足,对我国深海采油平台的建造具有重要的参考价值和一定的指导作用.     

深海海洋平台发展综述

本文综述了深海海洋平台的发展历程及现状,深海海平台包括半潜式平台、TLP平台以及Spar平台,半潜式平台只能使用湿井口,多为钻井平台。TLP平台和Spar平台都适合用作深海采油平台,通过对比,认为TLP平台更为适合中国南海海域的油气开发。最后对深海平台未来的发展进行了展望。     

深海平台分析和设计中的关键力学问题

深海采油平台与传统的导管架平台有很大不同,主要体现在动力响应、主要结构件形式、主要结构块之间的连接方法和分析方法方面.文章对深海平台的上述特点作了评述.,并根据初步的数值分析结果指出:现有的商业软件并不能完全解决深海平台设计中的问题,其中还有很多需要深入研究的内容.     

国外Spar平台研究与发展综述

当前,深海石油的开发越来越受到科技界的普遍关注.本文对未来应用于深海采油的Spar平台研究与发展进行综述,简要介绍了其产生背景和主要特点,详细分析了其水动力学特性等各方面技术参数对于Spar平台的影响,为Spar平台的发展提供参考依据.结果表明,Spar平台的发展潜力巨大;技术参数的多方面改进将大大提高Spar平台的海上作业和稳定生产.     

港作拖船拖带深海钻井平台出大窑湾港操纵实例

<正>0 引言近年来,随着我国深海战略"三部曲"的提出和实践,我国大型深海钻井平台的建造和发展突飞猛进。该类平台质量、体积、吃水都比常规钻井平台有所增加,加上其水下结构特殊,受风流影响增大,港内拖带操纵更加困难,对引航员提出新的挑战。1 大型钻井平台介绍某大型钻井平台为第6代深水半潜式钻井平台(以下简称平台),在大窑湾港15区泊位进行水下DP系统的安装调试。因DP系统必须在水深超过20 m时才能作业,故平台需要依靠拖船拖带。平台     

海洋油气田开发的流动保障

流动保障是海洋尤其是深海油气田开发的关键问题之一.它也直接影响到开发项目的经济效益.流动保障的功能是保证油气流能顺利地从油藏抵达销售点.这一学科包括了石油天然气和伴生固体的物性及流动特性、生产系统的可操作性、系统完善性、系统实现.另外,对地下系统、海下系统、平台功能的理解和联系也会影响流动保障的效果.本文将对流动保障的各方面的原理、影响及当前的解决方法加以综述.这些方面包括多相流、天然气水合物、石蜡、沥青烯、水垢、沙,侵蚀、腐蚀等.本文也将讨论油气生产系统的可操作性等问题以及流动保障和生产系统各部分的联系.近年来,流动保障的高严要求和由此而来的高造价、高系统复杂性带动了许多技术的发展.其中最值得探讨的是低剂量水合物抑制剂、管线加热技术和产输油气系统的动态全系统模拟等.本文介绍了这些技术的现状.     

立管卡子安装方法探讨

近年来,中国海洋石油工业发展迅猛。为了控制油田总体开发成本,新建的海上采油平台往往依托于原有平台的工艺处理和油气集输系统。这就需要铺设相应的海底管道和电缆,将新旧平台连接起来。海管和平台之间需要通过安装在导管架上的立管来连接,而用来固定立管的结构物一立管卡子的安装步骤是比较复杂的,通常需要动用大型浮吊船舶,成本高昂。本文系统地介绍了利用气动绞车安装立管卡子装方法。该方法可以不借助浮吊,有效地节约了工程成本。     

船舶专利

正专利名称:一种在耐压壳体上安装连续大尺寸观察窗的方法专利申请号:CN201210358503.7公开号:CN102837803A申请日:2012.09.24公开日:2012.12.26申请人:武汉武船深海装备工程有限责任公司本发明公开了一种在耐压壳体上安装连续大尺寸观察窗的方法,属于深海装备技术领域。该方法包括划线、焊接工装、开孔、焊接异形支撑环以及安装观察窗五个步骤。该方法可以连续在耐压壳体上安装大观察窗,该观察窗可以承受在深海环境下的     

美国研制深海反潜战监视系统

据军事与航空航天电子学网站报道,美国科学应用国际公司(SAIC)的水下战专家正在研制深海反潜战监视系统,以使航母及其护航舰船免受敌人潜艇攻击。新的声纳系统将工作在深海中被称为"深海声通道"的区域,以探测潜伏在上侧的潜艇。在这个深海作战项目中,科学家想利用深海声通道。该通道在水下3000英尺,此处的水冷、安静、密度大,声音传     

Truss Spar平台简介

Truss spar平台是传统spar平台的一个变种,如图1所示.它是一种深吃水圆柱结构.世界上第一座spar平台于1996年8月在2000英尺水深的墨西哥湾安装.第一座Truss spar平台,Kerr McGee(柯麦奇)Nansen and Boomvang,于2001年安装于墨西哥湾.Spar平台的最新进展是BP的Holstein、Mad Dog以及Murphy的Front Runner.所有的己交付的或近期将要交付使用的Truss spar平台都在墨西哥湾.图2显示了由CSO-Aker已交付的或正在交付的spar.其中最后一个称为多管式spar的是第三代Truss spar平台,它已经被Kerr Magee的Red Hawk项目采用.本文将对Truss spar平台的技术进行简要介绍.     

当前浮式平台船体结构分析的方法与重点综述(英文)

浮式平台概念的选择及其结构设计是深水工程项目的关键环节之一.它决定了平台在波浪载荷作用下的动力学响应、立管在深水条件下的运动以及进行平台建造与安装的技术难度等.结构强度、结构的抗疲劳性能以及结构的整体和局部稳定性能是浮式平台设计必须重点考虑的三个主要方面.总结了当前浮式平台设计的主要方法和它的主要任务以及技术要求,着重分析了设计过程中的主要技术难点及重点;最后,讨论了浮式平台结构设计的潜在发展趋势.     

深水SCR立管触地区域管土作用研究进展(英文)

钢悬链线立管作为一种全新的深水立管系统已经在国外多个项目中应用,总结了有关深水钢悬链线立管触地区域管土相互作用的研究进展,主要包括STRIDE和CAluSIMA工业合作计划的研究数据和其他的相关论文,能够为国内深水钢悬链线立管的研究提供参考.     

考虑内流和海床作用的柔性立管和钢悬链线立管非线性分析(英文)

Flexible risers and steel catenary risers often provide unique riser solutions for today’s deepwater field development. Accurate analysis of these slender structures, in which there are high-speed HP/HT internal flows, is critical to ensure personnel and asset safety. In this study, a special global coordinate-based FEM rod model was adopted to identify and quantify the effects of internal flow and hydrostatic pressure on both flexible and deepwater steel catenary risers, with emphasis on the latter. By incorporating internal flow induced forces into the model, it was found that the internal flow contributes a new term to the effective tension expression. For flexible risers in shallow water, internal flow and hydrostatic pressure made virtually no change to effective tension by merely altering the riser wall tension. In deep water the internal pressure wielded a dominant role in governing the riser effective tension and furthering the static configuration, while the effect of inflow velocity was negligible. With respect to the riser seabed interaction, both the seabed support and friction effect were considered, with the former modeled by a nonlinear quadratic spring, allowing for a consistent derivation of the tangent stiffness matrix. The presented application examples show that the nonlinear quadratic spring is, when using the catenary solution as an initial static profile, an efficient way to model the quasi-Winkler-type elastic seabed foundation in this finite element scheme.     

海底跨接管安装强度分析（英文）

A subsea flowline jumper(FJ) is a basic connected component for the wet oil tree, subsea pipeline and riser base, and it plays an irreplaceable role in the subsea production system. During the installation of FJ, collisions often happen between FJ and other equipment, which may cause serious damage. Besides, as the operating water depth increases, the demand for the installation equipments, such as the crane and winch, will increase. The research of deepwater FJ installation in China is still in the primary stage, thus an installation method for the deepwater FJ is proposed in this paper. Finite element models of a typical M-shaped FJ installation system are built to simulate the installation procedures. Analysis results show that the installation steps designed are feasible and valid for the deepwater FJ. In order to ensure the safety of the installation process, the collision-sensitive analysis for the FJ is conducted, and results show that it is necessary to set the pick up speed at a proper value, in order to avoid collision in the installation process. Besides, the mechanical characteristics of FJ during the installation are investigated under a range of environmental conditions and it is found that the maximum stress of the FJ always happens at its central position. The basic requirements for the installation equipment are also obtained through the analysis of the main installation steps.     

Installation strength analysis of subsea flowline jumpers

Subsea flowline jumper (FJ) is basic connection component for the wet oil tree, the subsea pipeline and the riser base, playing an irreplaceable role in the subsea production system. During the installation of FJ, collisions often happen between FJ and other equipment, which may cause serious damage. Besides, as the operating water depth increases, the demand for the installation equipments like the crane and winch will increase. The research of deepwater FJ installation in China is still in the primary stage, so an installation method for deepwater FJ is proposed in this paper. Finite element models of a typical M-shape FJ installation system were built to simulate the installation procedures. Analysis results showed that the installation steps designed for the FJ are feasible and valid for deepwater FJ. In order to ensure the safety of the installation process, the collision-sensitive analysis for the FJ was conducted, and results show that it is necessary to set the pick up speed at a proper value, in order to avoid collision in installation process. Besides, the mechanical characteristics of FJ during the installation were investigated under a range of environmental conditions and it was found that the maximum stress of the FJ always happens at its central position. The basic requirements for the installation equipment were also obtained through the analysis of the main installation steps.     

A review of deepwater pipeline construction in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico–Contracts,cost, and installation methods

The offshore pipeline network in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico is the largest and most transparent system in the world. A review of deepwater projects in the region provides insight into construction cost and installation methods and the evolution of contract strategies. Pipeline projects are identified as export systems, infield flowline systems, and combined export and infield systems, and three dozen deepwater pipeline installations from 1980–2014 are described based on OTC/SPE industry publications and press release data. Export lines and infield flowlines are equally represented and many projects used a combination of J-lay, S-lay and reel methods with rigid steel, flexible line, and pipe-in-pipe systems. The average 2014 inflation-adjusted cost for pipeline projects based on OTC/SPE publications was $2.76 million/mi and ranged from $520 000/mi to $12.94 million/mi. High cost pipelines tend to be short segments or specialized pipeline. Excluding the two cost endpoints, the majority of projects ranged from $1 to $6 million/mi. The average inflation-adjusted cost to install deepwater pipelines in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico based on available public data is estimated at $3.1 million/mi.     

深水管中管钢悬链线立管的非线性动力分析

立管技术是深水资源开发的关键技术之一。管中管钢悬链线立管具有同心的外管与内管，其外管提供机械保护，内管提供油气通道，内、外管之间按照一定的距离安装扶正器以保护绝热材料，在深水油气开发中具有较大的应用价值。充分考虑在位立管承受的复杂载荷条件泡括动边界、波浪与海流载荷、立管自重、海水浮力、管内外静压力），以及整体和局部非线性因素（包括摩擦、滑移、接触、间隙等），采用时域有限元软件ABAQUS实现管中管钢悬链线立管的建模与非线性动力分析。     

深水导管架安装设计方法

桩基式导管架平台正逐步由浅海向深海发展。深水导管架由于其质量与外形尺寸巨大，对设计、建造、安装提出了更严格的要求。叙述了深水导管架安装分析的一般过程和方法，介绍了MOSES程序在深水导管架安装分析中的使用。     

三峡水库135m蓄水库区深水航标设置技术研究

三峡大坝三期蓄水后坝前水位为135m,忠县陶家石盘以下为常年库区河段,航道水深较天然状况下大幅度增加,库区将面临深水设标的诸多问题。由于三峡水库落差大、回水深、淹没范围广,目前尚无类似可借鉴的深水航道设标经验。本文基于一定的理论分析基础,通过试验论证,取得了深水设标的一些经验和方法,也为三峡156m、175m蓄水后的航标设置奠定了一定的基础。     

超深水钻井隔水管动力分析理论研究与数值模拟

随着钻井作业向深水(500～1 500m)和超深水(1 500m以上)发展,在交变海洋环境载荷波浪力、海流力和浮式钻井平台运动的共同作用下,隔水管的动态响应更加显著.文中探讨了隔水管侧向振动的数学模型、动态特性分析中的结构与环境载荷建模技术及其非线性动力分析方法,研究并对比了不同分析方法在计算效率、计算精度和工程适用性等方面的差异.介绍了时域内应用ABAQUS软件进行超深水钻井隔水管非确定性动力分析的算法与详细流程,算例比较了不同边界条件对深水钻井隔水管动态特性的影响.研究表明,时域非确定性分析最为精确但需要时间最长,且只能采用线性AIRY波浪理论;理论上,海流主要引起隔水管动态响应的时不变部分,但该时不变部分不等同于海流引起的隔水管静态响应,一种简化方法只将海浪与钻井船运动作为动载荷而不考虑海流对动态响应的贡献;钻井船运动和波浪载荷是隔水管动态响应分析主要的动载荷,对于超深水隔水管来说,钻井船运动是首要的动载荷,其慢漂运动对隔水管性能有重要影响,而波浪仅对隔水管局部产生作用.