Effects of Injection Timing on Transient Performance of A Regulated Two-Stage Turbocharged Diesel Engine with Turbine Bypass Valve

The object of this paper is to reduce soot emissions under typical 5s transient conditions of constant speed and increasing torque. And effects of fuel injection timing on combustion and emissions parameters were experimentally and numerically studied in a regulated two-stage turbocharged diesel engine with a turbine bypass valve (TBV). The test results indicated that: the smaller TBV opening could improve deterioration of smoke emissions and BSFC at medium and heavy loads. Afterward, the full-stage injection timing (FSIT) strategies (delaying injection timing during the entire transient process) could reduce soot and NO_X emissions simultaneously. However, when TBV opening became larger, smoke emissions and BSFC were deteriorated gradually. Moreover, the sectional-stage injection timing (SSIT) strategies (advancing injection timing from 10 % load to a preset load and delaying injection timing from the preset load to 100 % load) could markedly reduce soot emissions by 75.8 % with TBV opening 20 %; the degradation of fuel consumption could be effectively suppressed. Finally, coupling the SSIT strategies with the TBV control strategies could significantly improve the transient performance.     

某重型车用V8柴油机燃烧系统优化设计

针对某重型车用V8柴油机的燃烧室廓形和喷油器凸出高度进行了设计.优化设计方案由5个燃烧室廓形和5个喷油器凸出高度组成,选择了ESC稳态排放循环中的A100,C100,A25工况以及最大功率工况作为优化设计的工况点,利用AVL-Fire软件在这4个典型工况点上对各设计方案的缸内燃烧过程进行了模拟计算,采用了一个综合目标评价函数来评判不同方案对循环功、NOx和Soot的综合影响,从100个算例的计算结果中筛选出最优的燃烧室廓形和喷油器凸出高度.和原机相比,优化的燃烧系统在高负荷工况可使油耗下降1.4%,Soot排放降低14%~30%.     

基于柴油机排气热管理的喷油策略控制试验研究

为有效满足柴油机中低转速、中小负荷工况下颗粒捕集器(DPF)主动再生时的工作温度需求,利用发动机台架试验研究了中低负荷稳态工况下主喷正时、近后喷及次后喷参数等排气热管理主动控制措施对缸内燃烧过程、排气热状态及排放性能的影响规律。稳态试验结果表明:推迟主喷提前角缩短了滞燃期,燃烧持续期延长,缸内最高燃烧压力及峰值温度下降,瞬时放热率峰值减小且燃烧重心后移,同时燃油消耗率及烟度略有增加,DOC入口温度提升也不明显;引入近后喷使得缸内最高燃烧压力降低,但放热率第二峰值及后燃期有所增加,近后喷油量与主-近后喷间隔角的合理匹配能适当提高DOC入口温度,最高增幅可达19.3%,同时也能有效改善NOx排放和烟度;次后喷油量的增加能显著提升DPF入口温度,最大增幅达70%,但会导致燃油消耗率及HC逃逸量增加。依据样机全工况排温分布状态提出各区域升温喷油控制策略:低负荷区域采用"近后喷+次后喷"的喷油组合,并且采用较大喷油量;中大负荷区域逐渐减少近后喷,直至无近后喷,同时将主喷适当提前。     

Influence of turpentine addition in Jatropha biodiesel on CI engine performance,combustion and exhaust emissions

The prospect of using turpentine oil as an additive for Jatropha biodiesel and using it as an alternative fuel for diesel in CI engines has been experimented in this work. Tests were carried out in a single cylinder, air cooled, constant speed, direct injection diesel engine. The results display that the performance of Jatropha-Mineral Turpentine (JMT) and Jatropha- Wood Turpentine (JWT) blends were found close to diesel, emission features were enhanced and combustion parameters were noticed to be comparable with diesel. Brake thermal efficiency of JMT20 blend found closer to diesel at 75 % load. BSFC increases for JMT and JWT blends at part load and maintains at full load. CO, HC and Smoke emissions were reduced with JMT and JWT blends at 75 % load. NOx emissions were on the raise. Furthermore, JMT and JWT blends offered comparable performance and combustion parameters, reduced emissions and both can substitute standard diesel in CI engines.     

基于燃烧室形状的柴油机排放特性数值模拟分析

在固定柴油机压缩比和燃烧室容积的前提条件下,提出通过改变燃烧室缩口率及内部形状,实现柴油机各排放生成物量变的研究思路.运用汁算流体动力学(CFD)分析方法,对所设计的3种不同的燃烧室进行缸内工作过程的仿真分析,得出不同形状的燃烧室对缸内气相流场、温度场及排放生成物的影响规律.     

内燃机缸内进气涡流强度对局部传热的影响

试验研究了内燃机缸内进气涡流强度对局部传热的影响。在不同的进气涡流强度和功率条件下测量了ω型活塞燃烧室表面瞬态热流 ,并根据测试结果计算了表面换热系数。结果表明 ,进气涡流强度直接影响着热流的分布 ,适度增强进气涡流强度有利于改善燃烧过程 ,降低燃油消耗率和活塞热负荷。     

Flamelet combustion model for stratified EGR distribution in a diesel engine

Numerous research has been devoted to finding a method to simultaneously reduce NOx and soot emissions from diesel engines. In-cylinder EGR stratification is a technique that simultaneously reduces NOx and soot using a nonuniform EGR distribution in the combustion chamber. To study the potential of in-cylinder EGR stratification, a new combustion model is required that considers the non-uniform EGR distribution and the chemical kinetics. In this study, a new combustion model, the Flamelet for Stratified EGR (FSE) model, was developed to consider the non-uniform in-cylinder gas distribution based on chemical kinetics. The concept of the FSE model is based on using multiple flamelets with the multizone concept. To describe the non-uniform gas distribution, the combustion chamber is divided into several zones by oxygen concentration at the start of injection. Then, the flamelet equations are solved at the boundary of each zone. The final species mass fraction of each cell is calculated using linear interpolation between two results from the boundaries. In this paper, the FSE model was validated under in-cylinder EGR stratification conditions, and then, the potential of in-cylinder EGR stratification was studied by using the FSE model. The effect of in-cylinder EGR stratification was verified under various injection timing, engine speed, and road conditions with optimized engine geometries. The results shows simultaneous NOx and soot reductions under the stratified EGR condition.     

基于模拟计算的GDI发动机燃烧室优化设计

利用AVL Fire软件,对一款高压缩比直喷汽油机的缸内流动及喷雾过程进行了数值模拟,研究了不同燃烧室设计方案对缸内流动过程的影响。结合滚流、旋流、湍动能、缸内当量比分布等8项评价指标,分析了不同方案对混合气形成的改善效果。通过分析计算结果,并引入优化率对燃烧室设计进行评估,评估结果表明,最优方案在高转速工况和低转速工况的优化率分别达到了25.3%和23.4%,发动机缸内混合气的形成过程得到了明显的改善。     

甲醇发动机缸内EGR分层的研究

针对一台具有螺旋进气道的点火式甲醇发动机,采用进气道加装EGR管的方式实现了EGR和新鲜充量的分开引入。应用CFD仿真软件Fire模拟了不同EGR通入时间、不同燃烧室凹坑形状等对EGR分层的影响。结果显示,加装EGR管能够实现EGR的分层,EGR的通入时长和燃烧室凹坑形状都对EGR的分层产生影响。当燃烧室凹坑形状为浅圆柱型、新鲜充量的通入压力为100kPa、EGR通入压力为160kPa时,在300°BTDC(压缩上止点前)停止通入,能够形成火花塞周围EGR浓度低、越远离燃烧室顶部EGR浓度越高的EGR分层结构。同时,在保证EGR率和燃油消耗量相同条件下,通过改变点火提前角,分析分层EGR和均质EGR对甲醇发动机缸内燃烧的影响。分层EGR能有效地提高缸压峰值、缩短燃烧滞燃期、提前燃烧始点,有利于发动机缸内燃烧的改善。     

加载停滞时间对柴油机瞬态性能的影响

为了改善柴油机瞬态加载过程中燃烧与排放性能恶化的问题,在一台增压中冷柴油机上,利用瞬态测控系统,试验研究了先快后慢的多段加载策略,探索不同的加载停滞时间对柴油机θCA10,θCA50,烟度和CO,NOx等排放物的影响规律。试验结果表明:与匀速加载策略相比,加载停滞时间越长,排放性能越好,烟度和CO峰值最大分别降低20.8%和38.32%,但NOx略有增加;在第二段加载过程中θCA10和θCA50延后程度降低;加载过程后期缸内空燃比下降趋势更加缓和。     

燃烧室形状对直喷式柴油机燃烧过程影响的仿真研究

利用CFD模拟软件Fire模拟研究了柴油机不同径深比的缩口形燃烧室对缸内混合气形成、燃烧过程和排放物形成的影响。研究结果表明:三维仿真模拟缸内压力和放热率曲线与试验值基本一致;SF5型燃烧室喷雾贯穿距长,喷雾碰壁早,燃油蒸气反弹使得喷雾分布不均匀,局部出现缺氧,炭烟排放较高;SF5型燃烧室缸内混合气混合良好,燃烧完全,缸内温度较高,NOx生成量大,可以采取推迟喷油的方式降低缸内燃烧温度,从而降低NOx排放。     

二甲醚发动机HCCI燃烧的试验和数值模拟研究

结合详细化学反应动力学机理,采用单区模型计算了二甲醚发动机均质充量压缩燃烧过程中缸内压力、缸内温度、重要中间产物浓度、NOx 浓度等的变化,并将计算结果与试验结果进行了比较。结果表明,二甲醚均质充量压缩燃烧具有两阶段着火特性,着火时间、NOx 排放和缸内压力变化趋势预测准确。     

LNG缸内直喷发动机的开发

开发了液化天然气(LNG)缸内直喷多缸发动机,通过对不同的燃烧室设计和喷嘴布置方案进行仿真分析,开发了新的燃烧系统,设计了电控系统软硬件和满足天然气缸内直喷的LNG燃料供给系统.对LNG缸内直喷发动机、原汽油机和天然气进气道喷射发动机进行了台架试验对比研究,结果表明:直喷机中低转速时动力性与原汽油机相同,总功率和最大扭...     

单缸直喷柴油机涡流室燃烧系统外部增压的实验研究

为满足非道路用柴油机的排放法规,从改善柴油机缸内混合气形成质量出发,提出了直喷式柴油机涡流室燃烧系统;设计了柴油机外部增压系统,进行了新型燃烧系统在外部增压下性能的实验研究。结果表明,外部增压能降低柴油机的油耗和排放;增压压力为0.15MPa时,柴油机油耗率最低。增压压力为0.18MPa时,使用4×0.36×140°喷油嘴在供油提前角为8°CA、90%负荷下,NOx排放量仅为常压下的25%。     

外部热EGR对基于优化动力技术的汽油HCCI燃烧的影响

考察了外部热EGR对基于优化动力技术的汽油HCCI发动机燃烧的影响。试验结果表明:外部热EGR可以推迟HCCI燃烧的着火时刻,减缓放热速率,但对于高辛烷值燃料的HCCI燃烧,它对更高EGR率的兼容能力不强,需要提高进气温度来提高燃烧的稳定性;随着EGR率的增加,燃烧持续期延长,缸内温度和压力峰值均减小,指示热效率也随着减小;NOx排放随着EGR率的增加在经过一个"拐点"后始终维持在一个较低的水平,而CO和HC的排放随着EGR率的增加显著增加,燃烧恶化。     

柴油机准均质混合气形成的数值模拟

利用KIVA-3V模拟了一台单缸二冲程柴油机通过早喷形成准均质混合气的过程,分析了喷嘴的不同结构对缸内混合气浓度场和温度场的影响。模拟计算表明,利用早喷可以形成稀薄准均质混合气;燃烧室形状影响混合气浓度场和温度场。为使稀薄准均质混合气在缸内合理分布,在不改变活塞ω形状的条件下,使用单孔喷嘴能有效避免燃油碰壁的发生。     

气门开启过程对压缩终了缸内涡流运动的影响

首先采用进气道稳流试验和数值模拟方法对两款柴油机进气道的稳态流动进行研究对比,然后利用Converge软件对两款柴油机在标定工况下的进气和压缩过程进行了瞬态数值模拟研究,并对该过程中各个时刻的缸内和燃烧室内涡流运动通过无量纲参数瞬态涡流比来进行分析。结果表明,柴油机实际工作过程中进气道在气门小开度及中等开度下形成涡流的能力对压缩终了时燃烧室内的涡流强弱有很大影响。现有的稳态评价方法不足以体现这一特征,稳态评价方法有待改进。     

车用增压柴油机最佳供油提前角的试验研究

通过常规性能试验、排放测试和缸内燃烧过程分析,揭示了增压柴油机的特点,综合考虑发动机的动力性、经济性、排放、噪声和可靠性,确定了增压柴油机供油提前角的最佳范围。     

高原环境柴油机喷嘴内部流场与缸内温度场的三维数值模拟

采用广安博之等准维模型,建立柴油机高原运行工作过程模型;通过环境模拟台架试验验证了模型的可信性。将准维计算结果作为喷嘴内部气液两相流动和缸内燃烧三维模拟的初始条件,就高原低压、低温、低氧条件对喷孔内燃油流动状态与分布、缸内燃烧过程的影响进行三维数值模拟。海拔3 700m计算结果表明:与平原环境相比,柴油机喷嘴内空穴现象加剧,燃油流动速度增加,喷孔出口燃油分布不均匀度增加;缸内燃烧平均温度比平原最多高出300℃且分布不均匀,燃烧室局部热负荷偏高。研究初步揭示了高原环境柴油机性能劣化机理,为通过优化缸内喷雾和燃烧过程改善高原运行发动机性能提供参考。     

点火正时对电控稀燃天然气发动机性能的影响

试验研究了点火正时对电控稀燃多点喷射天然气发动机燃烧及排放性能的影响规律。对该发动机转速为1 450 r/min,1 750 r/min,2 050 r/min,负荷为25%,50%,75%,100%的12个工况点进行了试验研究。研究结果表明,在其他燃烧边界条件不变的情况下,点火正时对该发动机输出扭矩及CH4排放影响不大,但是在2 050 r/min,100%负荷工况下,随着点火正时的进一步后移,出现扭矩下降及CH4排放增加的现象。点火正时对NOx排放有显著的影响,同一工况下,随着点火正时的推移,NOx排放明显降低。