采用序列函数法在身管导热反问题中的应用

根据外壁面的温度分布推算内壁面的温度是一类不适定的导热反问题。通过研究身管内膛壁热响应特性,建立应用多个温度测点、多个未来时间步的计算模型。根据Becks序列函数法的思想,计算结构内部温度场,并取其中数点温度信息作为反问题输入条件,反演得到内膛壁热流响应。在此基础上,利用FORTRAN语言编写程序进行计算求解,由身管外壁温度随时间的变化得到管内膛壁温度随时间的变化。计算结果表明,计算值与准实验值吻合,序列函数法能够准确地计算得到管内壁不同位置温度随时间的变化。     

船用焚烧炉系统参数和控制策略

在对船用焚烧炉系统的基本原理分析的基础上,通过对焚烧炉焚烧过程的研究,确定了船用焚烧炉焚烧过程的主要参数分别为炉膛温度、炉膛压力、进气量和废气温度。获得了各参数在焚烧过程中的相互关系。设计了船用焚烧炉系统的功能流程图,建立了船用焚烧炉控制策略,为实际系统的设计提供了理论依据。     

海洋条件对矩形换热器温度波动特性的影响

为了研究海洋工况下矩形换热器窄矩形通道壁面温度的波动特性及非稳态工况下壁面温度的计算方法,进行了一系列的实验研究和理论分析。结果表明在海洋条件下矩形换热器窄矩形通道壁面温度会随着通道质量流量的周期性变化而产生周期性的波动,且内、外壁面温度波动的振幅及相位都不同,同时窄矩形通道壁面温度的波动特性是摇摆周期、摇摆振幅、傅里叶数和内壁面温度波动特性的函数。随着傅里叶数的增加通道内、外壁面温度波动相对振幅逐渐增加,相位差逐渐减小,且内、外壁面温度的相位差只与摇摆周期有关。     

组合应力作用下含腐蚀缺陷海管安全工作压力评价方法

在较高温度和压力作用下,由于土壤的摩擦阻力,海管会产生很大的轴向压力,以及由侧向屈曲引发的弯矩。因此对含腐蚀缺陷管道安全工作压力的评价,须考虑轴向压应力的影响。对目前工程界的评价方法进行对比分析,在内压和轴向压应力组合作用下,含腐蚀缺陷海管的安全压力评价方法还很不完善,尤其是复杂缺陷,目前的规范还不完全适用。通过对许用应力法安全系数的讨论和分析,基于Von Mises准则和有限元分析,提出了组合应力作用下含腐蚀缺陷海管的安全工作压力评价方法。通过该方法对某运行了近三十年的管道进行了安全工作压力的评估,同时考察了轴向压应力对安全工作压力的影响。此方法对应的轴向压应力限值和安全等级以及安全系数相关,当安全等级低时,其值和DNV-RP-F101规范值基本一致,当安全等级高时,其值比DNV-RP-F101规范值大。     

静水压力下具有轴对称初始缺陷圆柱壳承载能力研究

文章针对含有轴对称初始缺陷和局部轴对称凹陷的圆柱壳在静水压力下的稳定承载能力问题进行了研究。通过一种数值计算方法,给出了初始缺陷幅值、壳体半径与厚度比、壳体长度、局部凹陷长度及位置对静水压力下圆柱壳屈曲临界压力的影响。并针对不同缺陷幅值对圆柱壳的刚度进行折减,给出了初始缺陷幅值与刚度折减系数的关系。研究结果表明,对于轴对称初始缺陷对圆柱壳稳定承载能力的影响,本质上是降低圆柱壳轴向弯曲刚度和轴向的薄膜刚度从而造成圆柱壳稳定承载能力的下降,因此针对轴对称初始缺陷可以增加纵筋提高其弯曲刚度,增加稳定承载能力。     

基于智能内检测的某海底管道的泄漏分析

针对某双层海底管道内管外壁出现大量腐蚀缺陷的异常情况,从缺陷的空间分布特点和时间发展特点的角度对该管道的2次漏磁内检测数据进行对比和分析,找出该管道泄漏的位置和泄漏开始的时间,且漏点的位置在后续的维修中得到了验证,说明需要高度重视管道内检测数据的信息挖掘和分析工作,不应仅局限于进行缺陷的适用性评价。     

基于嵌入式的船舶锅炉监控系统设计

针对目前锅炉监控技术问题,提出了采用嵌入式微处理器为控制器核的锅炉状态参数监控设计方案,进行了监控系统的硬件和软件系统的设计,实现了对水位、烟气氧量、蒸汽流量、蒸汽压力、鼓风风量、炉膛温度等现场物理量的采集和处理,提高了锅炉的安全性、经济性和锅炉的寿命.     

连续梁施工控制中的参数识别和温度影响对策

系统参数误差是引起桥梁悬臂施工控制误差的主要因素,通过现场试验识别关键参数并以此进行模型修正可以准确的计算变形值,保证控制精度.温度变化著,施工控制中应消除其影响.文章结合实际工程,对参数识别的方法以及温度影响对策进行了阐述.对梁体悬臂施工阶段标高影响显     

船用锅炉的嵌入式监控系统设计

为了实现对船用锅炉的自动监控,保证锅炉运行的安全性和经济性,针对目前锅炉监控技术问题,提出了采用嵌入式微处理器为控制器核心的锅炉状态参数监控设计方案.进行了监控系统的硬件和软件系统的设计,实现了对水位,烟气氧量、蒸汽流量、蒸汽压力、鼓风风量、炉膛温度等现场物理量的采集和处理,提高了锅炉的安全性、经济性和锅炉的寿命.     

基于多传感器数据融合的智能探测模块研究

介绍基于多传感器数据融合技术的智能探测模块的设计思想和方法.通过构建模糊神经网络模型,并进行网络学习,得出联接权值.智能探测模块通过对温度、火苗、烟雾、压力等多元信息进行综合处理,克服单一探测系统的局限性,可有效提高探测系统的快速性、容错性和可靠性.     

Numerical simulation of nonlinear wave force on a quasi-ellipse caisson

A three dimensional numerical model of nonlinear wave action on a quasi-ellipse caisson in a time domain was developed in this paper. Navier-Stokes equations were solved by the finite difference method, and the volume of fluid (VOF) method was employed to trace the free surface. The partial cell method was used to deal with the irregular boundary typical of this type of problem during first-time wave interaction with the structure, and a satisfactory result was obtained. The numerical model was verified and used to investigate the effects of the relative wave height H/d, relative caisson width kD, and relative length-width ratio B/D on the wave forces of the quasi-ellipse caisson. It was shown that the relative wave height H/d has a significant effect on the wave forces of the caisson. Compared with the non-dimensional inline wave force, the relative length-width ratio B/D was shown to have significant influence on the non-dimensional transverse wave force.     

基于脉冲响应函数法计算小尺度圆柱上的不规则波浪力

通过对波动传递函数的逆傅里叶变换建立脉冲响应函数的解析表达式,在仅已知不规则波波面过程线的情况下,利用脉冲响应函数与已知波面序列的卷积求得不规则波的速度场,并计算不规则波浪序列引起的水质点速度、加速度。通过与线性波浪叠加法的对比验证了方法的正确性,并应用Morison方程计算小尺度圆柱上的不规则波浪力。对不规则波浪力进行频谱分析得到:在非线性较弱时,脉冲响应法求得的波浪力谱与线性谱分析法的波浪力谱较为接近。随着波浪非线性的增强,脉冲响应法求得的速度力谱与线性谱分析法相比峰值不断增大,在低频和高频处能量增多,在主要能量区的谱宽也不断增加,而惯性力谱与线性谱分析方法结果基本相同。     

非结构化网格浸入边界法的流固耦合数值模拟(英文)

This paper presents an improved unstructured grid immersed boundary method. The advantages of both immersed boundary method and body fitted grids which are generated by unstructured grid technology are used to enhance the computation efficiency of fluid structure interaction in complex domain. The Navier-Stokes equation was discretized spacially with collocated finite volume method and Euler implicit method in time domain. The rigid body motion was simulated by immersed boundary method in which the fluid and rigid body interface interaction was dealt with VOS (volume of solid) method. A new VOS calculation method based on graph was presented in which both immersed boundary points and cross points were collected in arbitrary order to form a graph. The method is verified with flow past oscillating cylinder.     

车削刀具内温度分布模拟的耦合方法

针对车削刀具内温度分布有限元模拟中切屑与刀具接触面边界条件难以确定的难题，提出了车削刀具内温度分布模拟的耦合方法．该方法将Deform-3D软件对切削过程进行整体模拟的结果作为刀具数值模拟的边界条件，在有限元软件Ansys中对刀具进行温度场的数值模拟．将Deform-3D与Ansys相互耦合的算法，可以实现两个软件间的优势互补．结果表明，该方法可以对车削刀具内的温度分布进行更为合理地模拟，计算时间仅为Deform-3D对刀具进行模拟时间的1／20．     

Efficient calculation of slamming pressures on ships in irregular seas

An efficient method for calculation of the slamming pressures on ship hulls in irregular waves is presented and validated for a 290-m cruise ship. Nonlinear strip theory was used to calculate the ship–wave relative motions. The relative vertical and roll velocities for a slamming event were input to the slamming calculation program, which used a two-dimensional boundary element method (BEM) based on the generalized 2D Wagner formulation presented by Zhao et al. To improve the calculation efficiency, the method was divided into two separate steps. In the first step, the velocity potentials were calculated for unit relative velocities between the section and the water. In the next step, these precalculated velocity potentials were used together with the real relative velocities experienced in a seaway to calculate the slamming pressure and total slamming force on the section. This saved considerable computer time for slamming calculations in irregular waves, without significant loss of accuracy. The calculated slamming pressures on the bow flare of the cruise ship agreed quite well with the measured values, at least for time windows in which the calculated and experimental ship motions agreed well. A simplified method for calculation of the instantaneous peak pressure on each ship section in irregular waves is also presented. The method was used to identify slamming events to be analyzed with the more refined 2D BEM method, but comparisons with measured values indicate that the method may also be used for a quick quantitative assessment of the maximum slamming pressures.     

不规则波对方箱浮式防波堤作用的数值模拟

采用线性波浪叠加法对不规则波进行数值模拟,采用时域边界元法对不规则波作用下的方箱浮式防波堤进行数值模拟。首先验证了不规则波的数值模拟的准确性,进而对不规则波作用下固定方箱浮式防波堤的受力进行数值模拟,并与规则波结果进行比较。结果表明不规则波作用下,单位宽度方箱垂向受力最大值要大于水平受力的最大值;与规则波情况相比,方箱的水平向受力变化幅度减小,垂向受力和横摇力矩则幅值增加。     

Numerical simulation of the flow around two-dimensional partially cavitating hydrofoils

In the present study, a new approach is applied to the cavity prediction for two-dimensional （2D） hydrofoils by the potential based boundary element method （BEM）. The boundary element method is treated with the source and doublet distributions on the panel surface and cavity surface by usethe of the Dirichlet type boundary conditions. An iterative solution approach is used to determine the cavity shape on partially cavitating hydrofoils. In the case of a specified cavitation number and cavity length, the iterative solution method proceeds by addition or subtraction of a displacement thickness on the cavity surface of the hydrofoil. The appropriate cavity shape is obtained by the dynamic boundary condition of the cavity surface and the kinematic boundary condition of the whole foil surface including the cavity. For a given cavitation number the cavity length of the 2D hydrofoil is determined according to the minimum error criterion among different cavity lengths, which satisfies the dynamic boundary condition on the cavity surface. The NACA 16006, NACA 16012 and NACA 16015 hydrofoil sections are investigated for two angles of attack. The results are compared with other potential based boundary element codes, the PCPAN and a commercial CFD code （FLUENT）. Consequently, it has been shown that the results obtained from the two dimensional approach are consistent with those obtained from the others.     

基于反向方法的船体冰载荷研究

船舶碰撞海冰引起的冰载荷分布是十分复杂的。文章选取Thikhonov正则化这一反向方法,根据极地科考补给船S.A Agulhas II号于2013-2014年间南极航行时实测的数据,分析得到了船体艉肩部的冰载荷。通过应用三种独立的冰载荷离散方式来模拟海冰的自然特性,在有限元中得到模型的影响矩阵,并应用Matlab对Thikhonov正则化方程进行了优化。研究结果表明,反向方法可以克服数据处理过程中的不适定性,并计算得到船体冰载荷。     

一种高效的舰船磁性定位方法

为有效解决现有磁性定位方法定位精度不高的问题,提出了基于磁偶极子阵列模型的磁定位方法.为求解模型参数,根据磁场测量数据建立了定位参数反演模型.针对实际舰船磁性检测中所得磁场信息的局部性而引起反演模型病态不适定问题,应用Tikhonov正则化方法优化求解模型参数.船模实验证明,该方法对船模进行定位计算,定位精度高,结果稳...