潜艇结构锥柱结合壳损伤容限研究

损伤容限与耐久性的结合体现了现代潜艇结构延长寿命、提高可靠性和降低维修成本的综合要求.损伤容限分析的关键问题是正确估算剩余寿命.本文以断裂力学为理论基础,通过对带有初始裂纹的潜艇典型焊接节点模型的剩余寿命有限元分析,将计算结果和试验结果相比较,考核剩余寿命有限元分析方法的可靠性,从而对有初始缺陷或裂纹的疲劳热点区域--潜艇锥柱结合壳进行剩余寿命有限元估算,在此基础上进行潜艇锥柱结合壳损伤容限研究.并对具有不同尺寸的初始裂纹结构的剩余寿命进行有限元分析,确定潜艇在交付使用和检修时的损伤容限尺寸.     

耐压船体结构典型接点疲劳寿命评估

潜艇在潜浮过程中,由于静水外压引起的工作应力与焊接残余应力叠加,形成拉压循环应力,导致耐压船体的局部结构可能出现低周疲劳裂纹.一般情况下,高强度钢在抗拉强度提高的同时往往伴随着材料塑性储备和断裂韧性的下降,因此分析高强度钢潜艇结构的低周疲劳寿命非常重要.本文基于断裂力学和Paris公式建立了潜艇耐压结构低周疲劳寿命的工程估算方法,根据裂纹无损检测的概率统计和含裂纹圆柱壳极限应力分析,给出了初始裂纹和裂纹临界状态的建议值.应用本文的简化方法分析了某潜艇结构和锥柱结合壳模型的低周疲劳寿命,锥柱结合壳模型的数值算例表明本文的计算结果与试验测试结果相吻合.     

不同约束条件下柱壳周向壁穿裂纹端区域应力分布

柱壳是船舶与海洋工程结构物中主要的结构构件.由于波浪等载荷的交变作用,疲劳裂纹损伤是这类结构物中一种常见且对安全性危害极大的损伤形式,因此裂纹损伤柱壳的研究一直是一个关注的课题.本文针对柱壳周向壁穿裂纹,利用弹塑性有限元的数值解,在不同的约束条件下进行了较为详细的分析,获得了一些带有规律性的结果,为Dugdale模型等一些弹塑性断裂参数计算方法的应用提供了必要的理论基础.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of fatigue damage due to wave-induced vibrations in a containership in head seas

Fatigue cracks have been known to occur in welded ships for several decades. For large ocean-going ships wave-induced vibrations can, depending on trade and design, cause up to 50% of the fatigue damage. The vibrations may be due to springing and whipping effects. In this paper, we address the fatigue damage caused by wave-induced vibrations in a containership of newer design trading in the North Atlantic. The fatigue damage was obtained both experimentally and numerically. The experimental results were found from tests performed with a flexible model of the ship, while the numerical predictions were done using nonlinear hydroelastic strip theory. The measurements showed that the wave-induced vibrations contributed approximately 40% of the total fatigue damage. The numerical method predicted the wave frequency damage well, but was found to overestimate the total fatigue damage by 50%. This was mainly due to an overprediction of the wave-induced vibrations. The discrepancy is partly related to three-dimensional (3D) effects which are not included in the two-dimensional (2D) slamming calculation, and partly to an overprediction of the springing contribution. Moreover, the numerical method does not account for the steady wave due to forward speed. By using a simplified approach we show that high-frequency damage can be significantly reduced by including the steady wave for the relevant vessel, implying better agreement with the experimental results.     

船舶舱口角隅疲劳强度及热点应力研究

舱口角隅部分的疲劳问题是疲劳分析的重要内容.本文建立了某船的全船有限元模型并分别采用嵌入式模型和外部模型对舱口角隅进行细化.比较不同的单元类型、热点应力选取方式对疲劳损伤的影响.同时采用直接计算的谱分析方法计算了舱口角隅的疲劳损伤.发现当选用最大主应力作为热点应力时实体单元计算结果较壳单元偏小.同一类型单元节点数目的不同对损伤结果影响不大.热点应力选取方式对疲劳损伤的计算影响较大,在对舱口角隅疲劳强度进行分析时建议选用最大主应力插值的方式计算热点应力.     

原油转驳船结构疲劳强度分析研究

基于谱分析方法对于CTV模型的易疲劳区域进行筛选,对于筛选出的舷侧纵骨切口疲劳热点区域,考虑水线附近的水压力动态折减因素进行单独校核。参考校核结果,优化纵骨切口角隅疲劳热点区域的补板结构形式,使应力平稳过渡,使疲劳寿命满足设计需求。     

考虑残余应力效应的深潜器耐压壳体疲劳研究

本文考虑焊接残余应力的影响,给出包含裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展全过程的载人深潜器耐压球壳疲劳寿命预报方法,分别基于局部应力-应变法和能计及负应力比效应的裂纹扩展单一曲线模型预报了耐压球壳的工艺疲劳寿命和使用疲劳寿命,研究焊接残余应力大小对球壳疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明,忽略拉伸残余应力的影响将导致疲劳寿命预测结果偏于危险;耐压球壳整体受压时,拉伸残余应力使得球壳局部区域承受拉-压循环载荷,计算使用疲劳寿命过程中须考虑其影响;降低拉伸残余应力可有效提高耐压球壳的疲劳寿命。     

大深度载人潜水器疲劳寿命有限元分析

载人潜水器随着使用次数的增加,将有可能导致低周疲劳破坏。为了确保载人潜水器载人球壳的安全性,必须进行载人球壳的低周疲劳寿命分析。潜水器在一些特殊的局部区域是受拉伸应力影响的,开孔处结构的特点和深水压力共同作用就产生了较大的拉应力,因此这些较大的拉伸应力在此部位易引起结构的疲劳裂纹,并且缩短使用寿命。本文首先介绍了基于有限元疲劳寿命的理论基础和分析方法,然后建立载人潜水器有限元分析模型,按极限载荷和载荷谱分别计算出的疲劳寿命,不但可靠度高,而且可以方便地修改计算参数和进行结构优化,提高了计算的准确性和运算效率,极大程度地降低了人工费用。     

管土作用下的钢悬链线立管动力响应及其疲劳分析

钢悬链线立管的疲劳分析得到越来越多的重视,尤其是其与海床土体相互作用引起的疲劳。本文根据 Aubeny提出的管土作用模型以及 Bridge提出的土体吸力模型,采用有限元方法,在考虑其与海床土体相互作用的基础上,分析了钢悬链线立管在不同载况作用下的动力响应及疲劳损伤。分析发现,钢悬链线立管上触地点和悬挂点处的疲劳损伤更为显著;洋流载荷对立管疲劳损伤的影响随着水深的增加而减弱;土体吸力的存在,会增大触地段尤其是触地点附近的疲劳损伤;立管触地点附近的疲劳损伤与土体刚度呈正相关。     

不同损伤模式下的单舷侧散货船舷侧板架极限能力研究

对单舷侧散货船板架因装卸货物等受损后的结构极限承载能力的影响进行了研究,采用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS,建立单舷侧散货船板架完整模型和4种损伤模型,进行了舷侧板架在垂向载荷、船体纵向载荷、以及包括剪切和侧向压力的组合载荷作用下的非线性有限元计算。结果表明,因1根肋骨与板材之间连接的不同损伤,导致了相邻的其他肋骨工作应力不同程度的增加,或多或少地削弱了板架的承载能力,尤其在组合载荷的作用下,当一根肋骨的脱焊长度达肋骨长度的2/3时,板架极限承载力可下降15%。     

基于结构疲劳动态可靠性分析的船舶结构概率损伤容限设计

本文根据结构可靠性理论，提出了一种基于结构疲劳动态可靠性分析的损伤容限分析方法，给出结构疲劳裂纹随机扩展过程中疲劳寿命分布和结构疲劳可靠性的表达式。在给定与疲劳寿命有关的各参数条件下求得动态可靠性曲线，从而在结构设计中根据可靠性要求确定或选择设计参数。     

基于FEM/BEM法的内部声激励水下圆柱壳声辐射计算

联合有限元法和边界元法对流场中的圆柱壳点声源激励下的声辐射作了数值计算。利用有限元软件ANSYS分析了加筋圆柱壳的模态，然后将模态导入采用边界元软件SYSNOISE，计算了加筋圆柱壳结构在点源激励下的声辐射，预报了圆柱壳的内外场声压，得到了圆柱壳的声辐射功率曲线。     

Stress concentration factors at welds in pipelines and tanks subjected to internal pressure and axial force

In this paper, analytical expressions for stress concentration factors in pipes subjected to internal pressure and axial force are derived for a number of design cases based on classical shell theory. The effect of fabrication tolerances in simple butt welds is assessed. Analyses based on classical mechanics are compared with results from axisymmetric finite element analyses for verification of the presented methodology. Stress concentration factors are presented for circumferential butt welds in pipes welded together from pipes with different thicknesses, welds at buckling arrestors, welds at flanged connections in pipelines, and welds at ring stiffeners on the inside and the outside of the pipes. It also includes stress concentration factors at end closures in pipes for gas storage. Larger pipes are fabricated from plates with a longitudinal weld. This fabrication process introduces out-of-roundness in the pipes. The actual out-of-roundness is a function of internal pressure. An analytical expression for the bending stress in the pipe wall due to this out-of-roundness is presented. The derived stress concentration factors can be used together with a hot spot stress S–N curve for calculation of fatigue damage.     

船用滑油冷却器运行性能分析及流致振动研究

为研究船用滑油冷却器流致振动和微振磨损问题,清晰滑油冷却器易发生振动破损的薄弱部位。建立滑油冷却器壳侧及管侧的三维计算模型,采用流固耦合计算方法计算滑油冷却器壳侧滑油和管侧冷却水的耦合压力场、耦合流速场及耦合温度场,获得压力、流速、温度等关键运行参数的分布规律,基于管壳式换热器流致振动的诱发机理,揭示与流致振动密切相关的壳侧流体流动能量分布规律。由于滑油横向冲刷换热管束,促使壳侧流体掺混剧烈,导致壳侧流体压力场和速度场剧烈脉动,温度场不均匀分布,壳侧对流传热系数呈先降低再快速升高变化规律。根据滑油流动能量分布图谱,判定滑油冷却器进、出口区域的换热管束承受流致振动破损较为严重,其中进口区域换热管承受流致振动破损最严重。     

半潜式平台关键结构全寿期极限强度预报方法研究

文章基于逐步破坏分析法和有限元计算方法,发展了一种计及材料腐蚀、疲劳裂纹等结构损伤的半潜式海洋平台关键结构全寿期极限强度计算方法。以一服役水深为3000 m半潜式平台为研究对象,选取横撑和立柱局部结构作为研究对象,以不同服役年限下裂纹扩展长度和腐蚀厚度作为变化参数,采用ANSYS软件建立其参数化有限元模型,计算了不同服役年限下半潜式海洋平台关键结构极限强度,在此基础上分析了全寿期内关键结构极限强度随服役年限的变化规律。     

深海超高压环境模拟容器裂纹评定

深海超高压环境模拟容器用于模拟水下压力环境,其容器壁上承受反复载荷,容易产生疲劳裂纹.疲劳裂纹扩展是影响其断裂的主要因素.本文旨在分析半椭圆裂纹在老化的深海超高压环境模拟容器中的扩展行为,评估容器的安全性,因此对材料20MnMoNb钢的裂纹扩展特性进行了试验研究,首先考虑三角形和梯形加载情况,通过比较两组实验结果,考察了其材料对保载时间的敏感性.采用基于统一的裂纹扩展率模型的三维有限元方法进行了疲劳裂纹扩展计算,并通过CT试样的一组数值和实验结果进行了验证,最后建立了不同初始尺寸、展弦比和倾角的裂纹有限元模型,并根据裂纹在容器内壁的容许深度准则,计算了容器的剩余寿命.其分析结果可为深海超高压环境模拟容器可靠性评估提供参考.     

Numerical study on fatigue crack growth at a web-stiffener of ship structural details by an objected-oriented approach in conjunction with ABAQUS

It is necessary to manage the fatigue crack growth (FCG) once those cracks are detected during in-service inspections. This is particular critical as high strength steels are being used increasingly in ship and offshore structures. In this paper, a simulation program (FCG-System) is developed utilizing the commercial software ABAQUS with its object-oriented programming interface to simulate the fatigue crack path and to compute the corresponding fatigue life. In order to apply FCG-System in large-scale marine structures, the substructure modeling technique is integrated in the system under the consideration of structural details and load shedding during crack growth. Based on the nodal forces and nodal displacements obtained from finite element analysis, a formula for shell elements to compute stress intensity factors is proposed in the view of virtual crack closure technique. Neither special singular elements nor the collapsed element technique is used at the crack tip. The established FCG-System cannot only treat problems with a single crack, but also handle problems with multiple cracks in case of simultaneous but uneven growth. The accuracy and the robustness of FCG-System are demonstrated by two illustrative examples. No stability and convergence difficulties have been encountered in these cases and meanwhile, insensitivity to the mesh size is confirmed. Therefore, the FCG-System developed by authors could be an efficient tool to perform fatigue crack growth analysis on marine structures.     

具初始裂纹钢桥梁焊接构件疲劳裂纹扩展和疲劳寿命计算

钢桥梁构件因焊接缺陷或者在疲劳应力交互作用下萌生裂纹,钢桥梁构件因存在初始裂纹大大地降低焊接构件的疲劳性能.文中考虑到焊接构件往往会存在初始缺陷,研究了含初始缺陷的桥梁焊接构件的疲劳分析方法.在已有的大量含裂纹构件的疲劳实验工作基础上,结合课题组所做的焊接构件疲劳实验资料,假设初始裂纹焊接构件在疲劳裂纹扩展过程中裂纹形状保持为半椭圆形状;针对桥梁构件实际受力特征,由钢桥梁构件的高周疲劳损伤演化方程入手,考虑初始裂纹条件下裂纹前缘的损伤区的存在及其对裂纹扩展的影响,采用虚拟裂纹扩张方法推导了适用于钢桥梁构件的疲劳裂纹扩展分析的疲劳裂纹扩展率公式,建议了裂纹扩展和疲劳寿命数值计算方法.采用文中的计算方法,研究了已有的钢桥梁结构焊接构件疲劳实验的裂纹扩展过程和疲劳寿命的计算.计算结果表明:裂纹的扩展过程中裂纹的深度和表面半长度之比a/c是一个变化的数值,且在一定的a0/t0条件下,随着a0/c0的增加,循环次数逐渐增大.     

Flexural fatigue behavior of butt-welded circular concrete-filled double skin steel tube (CFDST)：Experimental study and numerical modeling

Detailed understandings on the fatigue behavior of the concrete-filled double skin steel tubes (CFDSTs) under multiaxial stress states are essential to promote their applications in marine structures. A systematical investigation consisting both the experimental study and the according numerical modeling has been conducted. Physical tests were carried out to investigate the flexural fatigue behavior of the butt-welded hollow steel tubes (HSTs), concrete-filled steel tubes (CFSTs) and CFDSTs, in which the development of fatigue cracks and the fatigue life were captured. The feasibility of applying the existing S–N curves originally obtained from the HSTs to the constitutive steel tubes within the CFDSTs has been consequently verified. A two-stages simulation method was developed to analyze the full range development of fatigue cracks based on both the damage mechanics and the extended finite element method (XFEM). The influence of the multiaxial stress states on the fatigue behavior for the constitutive steel tubes was studied quantitatively, considering the offshore application scenarios where the steel tubes within the CFDSTs were subjected to larger external hydrostatic pressure or internal transmitted content pressure. The results show that the existence of the infilled concrete can effectively improve the fatigue behavior of the steel tubes. The life prediction models for both the fatigue crack initiation stage and propagation stage have been proposed, where the crack initiation life of the steel tube may reduce by 30% when its stress triaxiality increases from 0.36 to 0.48.     

开孔球形耐压壳力学特性及疲劳分析

深入研究7000 m水深下球形耐压壳的力学特性及疲劳寿命.首先,对完整球形耐压壳进行强度及稳定性分析;其次在完整球形耐压壳的基础上,根据潜水器设计规范对其进行开孔加强设计;最后对开孔加强球形耐压球壳进行强度与稳定性以及疲劳寿命分析,并同时与完整球形耐压壳进行对比.研究结果表明,开孔对球形耐压壳影响较大,与完整球形耐压壳相比,强度下降了9.4%,稳定性下降了19%,疲劳寿命下降了32.4%.研究成果可为深海球形耐压壳开孔开窗设计提供参考.