基于SIMULINK的车辆主动悬架LQG控制仿真研究

通过建立1／4车辆模型,应用最优控制理论进行了车辆主动悬架的LQG(Linear Quadratic Gaussian)控制器的设计,并在Matlab／Simulink环境中建立系统模型并进行仿真,将仿真结果与被动悬架仿真结果进行对比分析。仿真结果表明,具有LQG控制器的主动悬架对车辆行驶平顺性和乘坐舒适性的改善有良好的效果。     

汽车主动悬架作动器故障诊断与控制补偿方法

在建立二自由度1/4车辆主、被动悬架模型和LQG控制器的基础上,设计了卡尔曼滤波器实现对悬架状态的估计。针对汽车主动悬架作动器增益故障,设计卡尔曼滤波器获得状态残差,实现对故障的在线诊断,得到悬架故障增益。对LQG控制率进行实时控制力补偿,实现主动悬架作动器的容错控制,并利用MATLAB/Simulink进行了仿真。结果表明,设计的状态估计器能及时发现故障,并进行控制力补偿,使故障悬架快速恢复原有性能,提高主动悬架的可靠性。     

基于层次分析法的主动悬架LQG控制器设计

建立了7自由度主动悬架的动力学模型,并应用最优控制理论设计了车辆主动悬架的LQG控制器;采用层次分析法确定各性能评价指标的加权系数,在Matlab/Simulink环境下建立主动悬架和被动悬架模型并进行仿真。仿真结果表明,通过层次分析法对加权系数的合理选取,主动悬架能够有效地降低车身振动加速度,从而提高乘坐舒适性。     

Design of LQG Controller for Semi-active Suspension Based on Improved Analytic Hierarchy Process

建立了包含半主动悬架的4自由度车辆动力学模型,应用最优控制理论设计了车辆半主动悬架LQG控制器,并在Matlab/Simulink环境下对系统模型进行仿真.以车身垂向加速度、俯仰角加速度、悬架动挠度、轮胎动位移和悬架控制力作为车辆LQG控制的性能评价指标,采用层次分析法和改进层次分析法确定各指标的加权系数.仿真结果表明,与被动悬架相比,采用半主动悬架能有效地提高车辆的乘坐舒适性;而与层次分析法相比,使用改进的层次分析法更易于确定加权系数,更便于设计LQG控制器.     

基于AHP的车辆半主动悬架LQG控制方法研究

建立2自由度1/4车辆模型,以最优控制理论为基础,应用层次分析法(AHP)确定车辆评价指标的加权系数,实现半主动悬架LQG控制器设计,利用Matlab/Simulink进行仿真验证与分析。结果表明:相对于被动悬架,应用层次分析法确定LQG控制器加权系数的半主动悬架,实现了评价指标的综合优化,缓和路面冲击,提高车辆平顺性及舒适性。     

带天棚阻尼的1/2车辆主动悬架仿真研究

建立了两种带天棚阻尼的1/2车辆主动悬架控制模型,结合线性二次型最优控制理论,基于MATLAB线性二次型最优控制函数LQR(Linear Quadratic Regulator)、LQG(Linear Quadratic Gaussian)分别设计和计算两种模型中的控制力;利用MATLAB/Simulink工具建立仿真模型,在相同输入情况下对两种模型的部分性能参数进行仿真比较。结果表明基于LQR的主动悬架的质心加速度和车身俯仰角加速度响应值比基于LQG的小很多,而前后轮动载荷、前后悬架动行程响应值相差不大;理论上,基于LQG设计的带天棚阻尼的1/2车辆主动悬架系统更切实际。     

基于混合遗传算法的主动悬架集成优化研究

作者提出的主动悬架的集成优化方法是以主动悬架的结构参数与LQG控制器为优化对象,以主动悬架系统输出的车身垂直加速度、悬架动位移、轮胎动位移和主动控制力的加权和为优化性能指标。同时提出了一种混合优化算法,它利用梯度算法每次迭代得到的结果来改进遗传算法的群体,而用遗传算法的最优个体与梯度算法的迭代解相比较,选择其中的最优点作为梯度算法下一步迭代的初始点。运用该混合遗传算法进行主动悬架系统的集成优化控制能有效地提高汽车行驶平顺性和安全性。     

基于MATLAB的主动悬架的最优控制分析

本文通过建立二自由度车辆悬架模型,应用了最优控制理论设计了主动悬架控制器,并在MATLAB/SIMULINK中建立了系统模型并进行了仿真。研究结果表明主动悬架比被动悬架的控制效果要好。     

汽车转向与悬架系统的集成控制研究

在建立了汽车转向与悬架系统的综合模型的基础上,运用一种具有扩展的调节器结构LQG控制方法,设计了 主动悬架控制器,实现对车身横摆角速度、车身垂直加速度、车身侧倾角和俯仰角的集成控制,从而显著提高汽车的 平顺性、操纵稳定性和安全性。     

基于SIMULINK的主动悬架的最优控制研究

本文建立了二自由度车辆悬架模型,基于最优控制理论设计了主动悬架控制器,并在SIMULINK中对所设计的控制器进行了仿真验证。研究结果表明主动悬架比被动悬架具有更好的平顺性。     

Inverse neuro-fuzzy MR damper model and its application in vibration control of vehicle suspension system

In this paper, a magneto-rheological (MR) damper-based semi-active controller for vehicle suspension is developed. This system consists of a linear quadratic Gauss (LQG) controller as the system controller and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) inverse model as the damper controller. First, a modified Bouc–Wen model is proposed to characterise the forward dynamic characteristics of the MR damper based on the experimental data. Then, an inverse MR damper model is built using ANFIS technique to determine the input current so as to gain the desired damping force. Finally, a quarter-car suspension model together with the MR damper is set up, and a semi-active controller composed of the LQG controller and the ANFIS inverse model is designed. Simulation results demonstrate that the desired force can be accurately tracked using the ANFIS technique and the semi-active controller can achieve competitive performance as that of active suspension.     

An Optimal Self-Tuning Controller for an Active Suspension

An optimal self-tuning control algorithm is presented for vehicle suspension design. The controller, incorporating a weighting controller, state observer and parameter estimator, is designed according to linear optimal control (LQG) theory. Based on the updated estimates of vehicle parameters and states, and the adapted weighting parameters, the LQG controller provides the optimal set of gains over different operating conditions. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed self-tuning system was investigated and proved by simulation studies.     

Structured H2 Optimization of Vehicle Suspensions Based on Multi-Wheel Models

Summary Various control techniques, especially LQG optimal control, have been applied to the design of active and semi-active vehicle suspensions over the past several decades. However passive suspensions remain dominant in the automotive marketplace because they are simple, reliable, and inexpensive. The force generated by a passive suspension at a given wheel can depend only on the relative displacement and velocity at that wheel, and the suspension parameters for the left and right wheels are usually required to be equal. Therefore, a passive vehicle suspension can be viewed as a decentralized feedback controller with constraints to guarantee suspension symmetry. In this paper, we cast the optimization of passive vehicle suspensions as structure-constrained LQG/H2 optimal control problems. Correlated road random excitations are taken as the disturbance inputs; ride comfort, road handling, suspension travel, and vehicle-body attitude are included in the cost outputs. We derive a set of necessary conditions for optimality and then develop a gradient-based method to efficiently solve the structure-constrained H2 optimization problem. An eight-DOF four-wheel-vehicle model is studied as an example to illustrate application of the procedure, which is useful for design of both passive suspensions and active suspensions with controller-structure constraints.     

Powertrain Control for Active Damping of Driveline Oscillations

When a vehicle is subjected to acceleration or disturbances, the elasticity of the various components in the driveline may cause torsional vibrations which can result in an oscillating vehicle speed. These driveline oscillations are also known as shuffle and are low frequency oscillations corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the driveline. The oscillations give rise to, apart from material stress, noticeable lessened driveability. In this work, different ways to actively damp the oscillations are investigated. The idea is to use the engine as an actuator in order to achieve active damping, so-called active engine control. Different linear controllers are investigated and evaluated. The paper includes driveline modelling, control design and verifications by simulations, and tests in real vehicle. Implementation issues such as limited amount of available engine torque and parameter identifications are also discussed. A Linear-Quadratic-Gaussion (LQG) controller has been implemented and tested on a heavy duty truck. Results show that the LQG controller works well and active damping is achieved.     

Powertrain Control for Active Damping of Driveline Oscillations

When a vehicle is subjected to acceleration or disturbances, the elasticity of the various components in the driveline may cause torsional vibrations which can result in an oscillating vehicle speed. These driveline oscillations are also known as shuffle and are low frequency oscillations corresponding to the first resonance frequency of the driveline. The oscillations give rise to, apart from material stress, noticeable lessened driveability. In this work, different ways to actively damp the oscillations are investigated. The idea is to use the engine as an actuator in order to achieve active damping, so-called active engine control. Different linear controllers are investigated and evaluated. The paper includes driveline modelling, control design and verifications by simulations, and tests in real vehicle. Implementation issues such as limited amount of available engine torque and parameter identifications are also discussed. A Linear-Quadratic-Gaussion (LQG) controller has been implemented and tested on a heavy duty truck. Results show that the LQG controller works well and active damping is achieved.     

Active Roll Control of Single Unit Heavy Road Vehicles

Summary Strategies are investigated for controlling active anti-roll systems in single unit heavy road vehicles, so as to maximise roll stability. The achievable roll stability improvements that can be obtained by applying active anti-roll torques to truck suspensions are discussed. Active roll control strategies are developed, based on linear quadratic controllers. It is shown that an effective controller can be designed using the LQG approach, combined with the loop transfer recovery method to ensure adequate stability margins. A roll controller is designed for a torsionally flexible single unit vehicle, and the vehicle response to steady-state and transient cornering manoeuvres is simulated. It is concluded that roll stability can be improved by between 26% and 46% depending on the manoeuvre. Handling stability is also improved significantly.     

Semi-active suspension systems for railway vehicles using magnetorheological dampers. Part I: system integration and modelling

In this paper, it is aimed to investigate semi-active suspension systems using magnetorheological (MR) fluid dampers for improving the ride quality of railway vehicles. A 17-degree-of-freedom (DOF) model of a full-scale railway vehicle integrated with the semi-active controlled MR fluid dampers in its secondary suspension system is proposed to cope with the lateral, yaw, and roll motions of the car body, trucks, and wheelsets. The governing equations combining the dynamics of the railway vehicle integrated with MR dampers in the suspension system and the dynamics of the rail track irregularities are developed and a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control law using the acceleration feedback is adopted, in which the state variables are estimated from the measurable accelerations with a Kalman estimator. In order to evaluate the performances of the semi-active suspension systems based on MR dampers for railway vehicles, the random and periodical track irregularities are modelled with a uniform state-space formulation according to the testing data and incorporated into the governing equation of the railway vehicle integrated with the semi-active suspension system. Utilising the governing equations and the semi-active controller developed in this paper, the simulation and analysis are presented in Part II of this paper.