航道治理建设规划环境影响识别及指标体系建立

针对航道治理建设规划环境影响识别及指标体系建立问题,对长江干线"十三五"航道治理建设规划环境影响评价成果进行分析研究,采用系统分析、生态因子识别、生态影响判别等方法,得出规划要素与资源、环境要素之间的关系,并结合环境目标提出评价指标体系,可为航道规划环境影响评价提供参考和借鉴。     

水库群生态价值联合调度研究综述

传统水库调度以获得发电、供水、航运和防洪等综合效益最大为目标;现行水库生态调度要求在获得最大综合经济效益的同时兼顾河流生态环境需水;水库群生态价值联合调度探讨多目标、多约束的多水库河流生态系统服务价值最优调控方式,并兼顾解决河流生态系统的水库工程安全、社会经济效益和生态系统健康等问题。本文在总结水库生态调度和水库生态价值调度的基础上,提出满足河流生态系统服务价值最大的水库群生态价值联合调度,可为河流管理部门合理开发和高效利用水(能)资源及维持河流生态系统永续健康等提供方法参考和技术支持。     

高红冰:未来电商物流的五大趋势

<正>互联网改变了商业流通的生态、业态,当然也改变了支撑服务业——物流的生态。近年来,随着电子商务生态系统日益丰富,电商物流业已经成为一个新的生态子系统。预计2015年全年,中国快递包裹将会突破200亿件,而其中电商快递包裹将超过7成。继中国物流采购联合会等传统行业组织之后,中国电子商务物流企业联盟等     

生态城市交通系统规划方法探讨

当今社会，在我国经济快速发展的背景下，人们对居住环境以及生活质量的重视程度不断提高。而交通作为现代生活的一个重要部分，对城市的生活质量及生态环境的影响也逐渐体现出来，所以，研究生态城市的交通系统规划也势在必行。文中在对国内外的生态城市讨论的基础上，提出了生态交通的真正的内涵意义，并且分析了传统的交通规划的一些不足之处，得出了生态城市交通规划的思想以及规划的方法，同时给出了发展生态城市交通规戈Ⅱ体系的策略。     

航道硬质护岸生态修复技术应用研究

航道护岸工程是路堤生态系统和水域生态系统之间进行能量、物质交换的枢纽地带,硬质护岸的使用严重影响了河流水质环境的改善和景观生态功能的提高。针对硬质护岸给河流生态环境和景观造成的影响,探讨了硬质护岸的生态修复方法及其适用性,并在此基础之上对广州大冲口涌及东塱涌硬质护岸进行了生态和景观修复设计。生态修复技术有效的解决了硬质护岸给航道生态系统造成的危害,同时为构建绿色生态文明航道提供了理论依据和技术支持。     

中小河流水文规划设计路径思考

水文规划是中小河流治理工程设计的重要基础,也是水资源利用与调配、水资源开发、生态系统保护的具体计划和安排。通过水文规划设计,有利于促进水资源开发、经济社会发展与生态环境保护的相互协调。本文从介绍中小河流水文规划设计的原则入手,对我国中小河流水文规划现状进行分析,并提出中小河流水文规划设计路径。     

湖北应对全球变化的气候与生态响应

文章系统分析了在全球变化背景下我国湖北气候与生态多样性变化,以及区域的生态响应;评估了近几十年来湖北气候与生态环境的现状、变化,并初步提出了湖北生态环境建设与社会经济协调发展得对策与建议。     

长江下游马当河段近期演变及碍航特性

基于已有研究成果和马当河段实测水文、地形等基本资料,系统分析本河段近期演变规律和碍航特性,并进行趋势预测。结合该段航道整治规划目标,提出治理思路及航道整治方案设想。     

生态城市发展型态研究

随着人类科技文明迅速的发展，人类追求高所得的生活和生产。使经济所得发展绩效较高的国家活动领域不断扩展，生活水平提高了。另一方面，人口数暴增及过度开发，使得生态恶性循环；环境与气候急速恶化下，让气候失调；以及人类过度使用资源，地球资源耗竭。目前仅能以概念性的方式，作为城市施政的推动项目的一，如自行车道建置、节能减碳、绿建筑等零散式的生态城市相关研究，缺乏一套较有系统的生态城市评估指标体系，为了有效达成生态城市，在规划生态城市评估指标朝向具体化显得更为重要及必要。因此，本研究以城市可持续性发展观点，探讨城市结构与生态系统结合的可行性，建构出一套完善且适于城市可用的生态城市评估架构。     

广州市河涌生态修复方略—以丹山分洪河为例

针对广州市河涌污染、水质恶化、严重影响河涌生态系统和城市经济发展的现状,以丹山分洪河为例分析了造成河涌现状问题的原因,讨论了河涌生态恢复的目标,并结合广州地区的水系特征,推荐了几种河涌污染生态修复方法。     

基于Markov的系统级动力定位控制系统可靠性分析

针对Markov模型在处理大型冗余系统可靠性问题时会遭遇系统状态量过大,计算耗费时间长,甚至无法有效计算等问题,提出将冗余DP控制系统进行有效分割,分别建立主、备控制系统的Markov模型,进而结合分系统的故障率建立系统级的Markov分析模型。该策略将子系统作为独立的可靠性分析单元,无需获取复杂DP控制系统的所有状态量,大幅减少了系统状态转移的分析量,从而可有效提高冗余控制系统可靠性分析的效率。     

Science Needs for Sea-Level Adaptation Planning: Comparisons among Three U.S. Atlantic Coastal Regions

To identify priority information needs for sea-level rise planning, we conducted workshops in Florida, North Carolina, and Massachusetts in the summer of 2012. Attendees represented professionals from five stakeholder groups: federal and state governments, local governments, universities, businesses, and nongovernmental organizations. Over 100 people attended and 96 participated in breakout groups. Text analysis was used to organize and extract most frequently occurring content from 16 total breakout groups. The most frequent key words/phrases were identified among priority topics within five themes: analytic tools, communications, land use, ecosystem management, and economics. Diverse technical and communication tools were identified to help effectively plan for change. In many communities, planning has not formally begun. Attendees sought advanced prediction tools yet simple messaging for decision-makers facing politically challenging planning questions. High frequency key words/phrases involved fine spatial scales and temporal scales of less than 50 years. Many needs involved communications and the phrase “simple messaging” appeared with the highest frequency. There was some evidence of geographic variation among regions. North Carolina breakout groups had a higher frequency of key words/phrases involving land use. The results reflect challenges and tractable opportunities for planning beyond current, geophysically brief, time scales (e.g., election cycles and mortgage periods).     

Improving the State of Coastal Areas in the Asia-Pacific Region

Stresses impacting the coastal zone in the Asia-Pacific region are briefly reviewed under the headings of sustainable coastal activities, coastal ecosystem management, community/resource interactions, coastal resource economics and sustainability, coastal area planning, and integrated coastal policies. Recent contributions on mitigation of these stresses are introduced, with emphasis on the Coastal Zone Asia-Pacific Conference, held in Bangkok, May 2002, where various innovative approaches to research, education, information sharing, and coastal policies aiming at improving the state of the coastal areas were presented. These include the roles of community in integrated coastal management; tools and planning for management of coastal areas; education program and capacity building; and the establishments of national and regional frameworks for integrated coastal management. As appropriate information and its transfer are critical to these processes, an analysis is presented of the content of the database on coastal projects in the region, highlighting areas of research interests, funding sources, and achievements. Another database on coastal ecosystems, currently under development, is presented as an example of the type of resource that can be expected to help advance our knowledge and ability to improve the management of coastal areas. Overall, these tools should allow us, given the political will, to improve the state of coastal areas.     

复杂系统误差传递的主次作用分析与控制

系统观测目标误差渗透着系统误差和随机误差,系统误差和随机误差的分离与溯源理论和应用一直是误差分析的难点和热点。文中基于系统误差和随机误差的互相关系与传递特征,提出了以传递函数为基础的误差传递模型,并基于该模型,将复杂系统划分为若干个子系统,分析了各子系统在观测目标误差中的主次作用（ primary and secondary position a-nalysis,PSPA）。算例表明,该理论能够分析得出引起观测误差灵敏度较高的子系统,这对于误差溯源、分析和控制误差,提高观测目标的精度具有一定的指导意义。     

港口腹地分析的定量模式及实证研究--以温州港为例

经济腹地是港口生存与发展的基础,腹地分析是港口发展规划制定的必要前提。运用空间经济学的区位商模式与方法,以温州港为例,通过对温州港现状集疏货物生成及流向的调查与分析,对温州港经济腹地结构及其形成的原因进行系统研究。     

Error quantification of a high-resolution coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem coastal-ocean model: Part 2. Chlorophyll-a, nutrients and SPM

Marine systems models are becoming increasingly complex and sophisticated, but far too little attention has been paid to model errors and the extent to which model outputs actually relate to ecosystem processes. Here we describe the application of summary error statistics to a complex 3D model (POLCOMS-ERSEM) run for the period 1988–1989 in the southern North Sea utilising information from the North Sea Project, which collected a wealth of observational data. We demonstrate that to understand model data misfit and the mechanisms creating errors, we need to use a hierarchy of techniques, including simple correlations, model bias, model efficiency, binary discriminator analysis and the distribution of model errors to assess model errors spatially and temporally. We also demonstrate that a linear cost function is an inappropriate measure of misfit. This analysis indicates that the model has some skill for all variables analysed. A summary plot of model performance indicates that model performance deteriorates as we move through the ecosystem from the physics, to the nutrients and plankton.     

电磁溢流共轨压力控制阀数学模型分析

在柴油机电控技术中,共轨压力的稳定对整个系统的性能具有重要影响,是决定喷油量和喷油速率的重要因素之一。控制柴油机高压喷油系统共轨压力的稳定性,采用压力溢流控制方法是一种有效途径。根据电磁阀内在特点将其划分为电路子系统、磁路子系统、机械子系统、液压子系统和热力子系统,分别建立这5个子系统的数学模型,并进行分析和仿真。研究电磁阀工作过程中对其性能影响的主要因素,仿真结果表明:所建立的数学模型正确,可用于共轨电磁压力溢流阀的优化设计。     

Across the waves: a bibliometric analysis of container shipping research since the 1960s

The paper investigates collaborative and semantic patterns that emerged between 1967 and 2013 about the theme of container shipping based on a corpus of 294 articles published in scholarly journals within the fields of transportation, supply chain, economics, geography, regional planning and development, and operations research. An analysis based on the co-occurrence of title words allows identifying dominant sub-themes and their evolution. Main results point to the gradual diversification of container shipping research, from the dominance of economics towards a more trans-disciplinary set of approaches which integrate port-related activities and multimodal networks. Yet, disciplinary specialization remains strong up to nowadays so that container shipping research remains rather fragmented. While co-authorships have increased over time, they remain polarized by few, weakly connected research battalions. Our study suggests that research on container shipping would benefit from more frequent contacts between such communities to foster in-depth cross-disciplinary studies and fundamental cooperation.     

Brittleness research on complex system based on brittle link entropy

1Introduction Asfarascomplexsystemisconcerned,ithasmore subsystemsbelongingtodifferenthierarchiesthanthe simplesystem.Atthesametime,therelationshipbe tweendifferentsubsystemsbecomesmoreandmore complex.Itisdifficulttogivethequantitativemodels ofcomplexsyst…     

环境地图的格栅化及路径规划研究

电子海图中的海洋环境地理信息通常由复杂几何图形构成,在路径规划时需要建模处理,格栅化是最常用的处理方法。本文针对实际环境中的路径规划问题,分析环境地图格栅化对路径规划的影响,并介绍A^*算法在栅格地图路径规划中的应用。以某海域环境为例,对不同尺度下的栅格地图进行路径规划对比分析。研究表明,环境地图的格栅化会显著提高路径规划的效率,但是过大的网格尺度会破坏规划空间的连通性。合理地调节障碍物边界处的等效网格设置,可以保证路径规划空间的连通性,在提高路径规划效率和成功率的同时,并不会影响规划路径的最终结果。