三种湍流模型对导管螺旋桨空化性能计算的比较

借助CFD软件,采用Rayleigh-Plesset空化模型和三种湍流模型对导管螺旋桨进行不同空化数条件下的空化性能计算,通过与试验数据对比,分析不同湍流模型、不同空化数对计算结果的影响。分析结果表明:k-ω模型计算更加稳定,更加容易收敛,精度也相对较高,因而与k-ε模型和RNG k-ε模型相比更适于对导管螺旋桨的空化性能进行计算;在空化数或进速系数较小的条件下,空化相对较剧烈,计算的相对误差较大,需要采用更加精确的空化模型或通过进一步提高网格质量来提高计算精度;另外,与k-ε模型和RNG k-ε模型相比,k-ω模型对空化数较敏感,对不同空化数条件下计算的相对误差变化较大。     

水面船自航因子CFD预报研究

针对水面船CFD标模KCS,进行基于CFD计算/模拟的自航因子预报研究。比拟基于模型试验的水面船自航因子预报,文中开展了船模阻力、螺旋桨模型敞水和船模自航的数值计算/模拟。通过对CFD计算/模拟结果的分析,获得KCS实船的自航因子。CFD计算/模拟及分析的结果(包括:船模阻力,螺旋桨推力、扭矩、效率,实船自航因子等)都与模型试验结果进行了比较,总体上符合较好。     

基于CFD模拟的水面船功率性能预报研究

论文针对水面船CFD标模KCS,进行CFD计算,模拟实船功率性能预报研究。比拟基于模型试验的水面船功率性能预报,开展了船模阻力、螺旋桨模型敞水和船模自航的数值模拟。通过对CFD模拟结果的分析,获得KCS实船的自航因子,并预报了设计航速下的实船功率。CFD计算模拟、分析及预报结果,都与模型试验及基于模型试验的预报结果进行了比较,总体上符合较好。     

基于结构化网格技术的螺旋桨定常空泡性能数值分析

为了研究定常状态下螺旋桨的敞水性能和空泡性能,采用基于粘流理论的CFD方法开展了系统地计算分析。采用结构化网格方案,将计算区域划分为两个计算区域,内域包含螺旋桨,并将桨叶表面以及桨毂表面的网格进行加密。通过将螺旋桨推力、转矩系数及效率等水动力特性参数的计算值与试验数据进行对比分析,验证了本数值方法的可靠性。利用多相流混合模型计算了螺旋桨的定常空泡性能,并简要分析了不同空泡数下的螺旋桨空泡性能,为以后预报螺旋桨空泡性能提供一种可行方案。     

基于滑移网格的螺旋桨性能分析

为计算螺旋桨定常与非定常水动力性能,采用多重参考系模型,利用Reliable k-ε湍流模型计算定常水动力性能,仿真不同进速下螺旋桨的推力系数、转矩系数与敞水效率,将仿真结果与试验值对比,结果表明,采用多重参考系模型计算的推力系数、转矩系数与敞水效率与试验值吻合较好;以定常计算结果为初始值,采用滑移网格模型计算螺旋桨的非定常水动力性能。相比于定常结果非定常结果,与试验值更加吻合,表明滑移网格模型计算的结果精准度更高,更适合于计算螺旋桨的水动力性能。     

前置定子导管桨空化特性数值分析

本文采用SST k-ω湍流模型和Z-G-B空化模型研究前置定子导管桨的空化特性。通过对比DTMB4381螺旋桨的空化数值计算结果与实验,验证数值计算的准确性和可靠性,分析前置定子导管桨不同空化数下空化特性。结果表明,空化数大于3时水动力性能基本不变。随着空化数的继续减小,前置定子导管桨的水动力性能明显下降。空化数为4时最先在叶顶间隙靠近尾缘端出现空化,这是叶顶泄漏涡导致的空化。空化数为3.5时在叶片吸力面出现空化,随着空化减小由转子叶顶尾缘向导边和叶根扩大。     

螺旋桨梢涡空泡初生及尺度效应研究

应用气泡动力学方程和气泡运动微分方程研究了螺旋桨梢涡空泡的初生问题,并根据简化Reyleigh-Plesset方程推导了不同尺度模型空化初生空泡数换算公式,建立了空化初生尺度换算模型,研究了螺旋桨梢涡空泡初生尺度效应问题。螺旋桨梢涡流场应用RANS方法求解,湍流模型为经过旋转和曲率修正的代数雷诺应力模型(EARSM-CC)。计算结果表明,文中建立的数值方法能够准确预报出螺旋桨梢涡流场分布;螺旋桨梢涡空泡初生空泡数计算结果高于试验观察值;应用文中建立的空化初生尺度换算模型得到的结果与数值模拟结果基本吻合,而且其结果偏于安全。     

导管螺旋桨定常性能预估的基于速度势的面元法

开发了一个导管螺旋桨定常水动力性能预报的数值计算方法,其中,螺旋桨和导管均采用定常面元法,通过迭代计算考虑桨和导管的相互影响.该方法也可用于导管调距桨在不同转角时的定常性能预估.对JD7704和19a导管螺旋桨以及JD导管调距桨的计算结果表明,该方法计算精度是令人满意的.     

基于滑移网格技术计算螺旋桨水动力性能研究

基于RANS方程的CFD软件数值模拟螺旋桨定常和非定常的水动力性能.定常计算采用多重参考系MRF模型,分别采用标准k-ε的湍流模型,RNG k-ε湍流模型和Reliable k-ε湍流模型模拟在不同进速系数时的推力系数和转矩系数.将模拟的数值结果与试验值相比较,计算结果表明,采用Reliable k-ε湍流模型计算出的推力系数与转矩系数与试验值基本吻合,并以该结果为初始场,通过滑移网格技术,采用单机并行计算螺旋桨非定常水动力性能.相较于定常计算结果更加接近试验值,说明滑移网格技术具有更高的精准度,更加适用于计算螺旋桨的水动力性能.     

面元法预估导管螺旋桨定常性能的一种简便方法

用基于速度势的低阶面元法建立预估导管螺旋桨定常性能的计算方法,即对导管和螺旋桨都采用面元法,在计算面元的影响系数时计入导管和螺旋桨的相互影响。将对JD简易导管桨的计算与实验结果进行比较表明,该方法可以有效地应用于导管桨的定常性能计算。     

Numerical analysis of cavitating propeller and pressure fluctuation on ship stern using a simple surface panel method “SQCM”

This paper presents a calculation method for the pressure fluctuation induced by a cavitating propeller. This method consists of two steps: the first step is the calculation of propeller sheet cavitation, and the second step is the calculation of pressure fluctuation on the ship stern. It is for practicality that we divide the method into two steps but do not calculate these steps simultaneously. This method is based on a simple surface panel method “SQCM” which satisfies the Kutta condition easily. The SQCM consists of Hess and Smith type source panels on the propeller or cavity surface and discrete vortices on the camber surface according to Lan’s QCM (quasi-continuous vortex lattice method). In the first step, the cavity shape is solved by the boundary condition based on the free streamline theory. In order to get the accurate cavity shape near the tip of the propeller blade, the cross flow component is taken into consideration on the boundary condition. In the second step, we calculate the cavitating propeller and the hull surface flow simultaneously so as to calculate the pressure fluctuation including the interaction between the propeller and the hull. At that time, the cavity shape is changed at each time step using the calculated cavity shape gotten by the first step. Qualitative agreements are obtained between the calculated results and the experimental data regarding cavity shape, cavity volume and low order frequency components of the pressure fluctuation induced by the cavitating propeller.     

舵桨相互作用下现代船舶绕流数值研究（英文）

Reducing the fuel consumption of ships presents both economic and environmental gains. Although in the past decades,extensive studies were carried out on the flow around ship hull, it is still difficult to calculate the flow around the hull while considering propeller interaction. In this paper, the viscous flow around modern ship hulls is computed considering propeller action. In this analysis, the numerical investigation of flow around the ship is combined with propeller theory to simulate the hull-propeller interaction. Various longitudinal positions of the rudder are also analyzed to determine the effect of rudder position on propeller efficiency. First, a numerical study was performed around a bare hull using Shipflow computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code to determine free-surface wave elevation and resistance components.A zonal approach was applied to successively incorporate Bpotential flow solver^ in the region outside the boundary layer and wake, Bboundary layer solver^ in the thin boundary layer region near the ship hull, and BNavier-Stokes solver^in the wake region. Propeller open water characteristics were determined using an open-source MATLAB code Open Prop, which is based on the lifting line theory, for the moderately loaded propeller. The obtained open water test results were specified in the flow module of Shipflow for self-propulsion tests. The velocity field behind the ship was recalculated into an effective wake and given to the propeller code that calculates the propeller load. Once the load was known, it was transferred to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) solver to simulate the propeller action. The interaction between the hull and propeller with different rudder positions was then predicted to improve the propulsive efficiency.     

基于CFD方法的6500TEU集装箱船舵空泡腐蚀数值模拟研究

舵的空泡腐蚀研究在船型优化设计和新船型开发中具有重要意义。文章以6 500 TEU集装箱船的NACA0021舵为研究对象,通过对船、桨、舵整体三维建模,运用CFD方法在3D计算域下对舵的非定常空化现象进行数值模拟,得到了与试验比较一致的结果。同时还对改善舵空蚀现象的措施进行了分析。研究表明,通过整体建模的数值模拟方法对舵空泡性能进行预测研究,其结果是合理可信的。     

基于滑移网格的带桨水面船自航性能预报研究

应用FINE/Marine软件对KCS船、KP505桨以及考虑自由液面的船桨组合体进行数值计算,并计算其自航性能。利用滑移网格技术和随体网格来实现船桨之间的相互耦合。考虑到原有的自航性能数据处理方法并不代表实际情况,文中借鉴强制自航法的概念提出了一种新的船舶自航点求解方法预报船舶自航性能,并与模型试验结果进行比较,吻合良好,其中推力减额系数、伴流分数以及船舶推进效率的计算误差分别为0.5%、2.18%、6.76%。本文研究为预报船舶自航性能提供了一种新的研究手段。     

螺旋桨/船体粘性流场的整体数值求解

螺旋桨和船体是相互作用的,孤立地对螺旋桨或船体流场进行数值模拟均无法有效地对它们的相互影响进行研究.本文采用周向平均的混合面处理方法,实现了螺旋桨/船体流场的整体计算,计算结果和试验数据进行了比较,表明该方法能很好地模拟螺旋桨和船体之间的相互影响,从而揭示了真实螺旋桨和船体之间相互干扰的内在规律.本文研究结果为研究螺旋桨和船体相互影响提供了更加精确和实用的研究手段.     

Underwater acoustic field and pressure fluctuation on ship hull due to unsteady propeller sheet cavitation

The main objective of this paper is to develop an efficient numerical method which can predict the underwater acoustic field and pressure fluctuation on a ship hull due to unsteady propeller sheet cavitation by linear acoustic theory. In addition, the noise scattered from the ship hull and reflected from the free surface are included. Concerning the computation of the acoustic field induced by unsteady sheet cavitation and forces of a marine propeller, a method is derived without making any approximation about the distance function between the noise source and field point. Thus, this method can be used to predict acoustic pressure at both far and near fields, and this is very important for the scattering problem because the ship hull is located very close to the propeller. For the computation of the scattering problem, a more efficient and robust method is derived in time domain, which can treat multi-frequency waves scattered from underwater obstacles. The acoustic fields of a container ship radiated by the propeller and scattered from the ship hull with free surface is investigated in this paper. The pressure fluctuations of low blade rate on the ship hull induced by the propeller are also computed by the present method and are found to be similar to the results obtained by a panel method satisfying the Laplace equation for the points near the propeller due to the small retarding time. However, for the points on the ship hull away from the propeller, the differences of the results between two methods will increase.     

Self-propulsion computations using a speed controller and a discretized propeller with dynamic overset grids

A method that can be used to perform self-propulsion computations of surface ships is presented. The propeller is gridded as an overset object with a rotational velocity that is imposed by a speed controller, which finds the self-propulsion point when the ship reaches the target Froude number in a single transient computation. Dynamic overset grids are used to allow different dynamic groups to move independently, including the hull and appendages, the propeller, and the background (where the far-field boundary conditions are imposed). Predicted integral quantities include propeller rotational speed, propeller forces, and ship’s attitude, along with the complete flow field. The fluid flow is solved by employing a single-phase level set approach to model the free surface, along with a blended k−ω/k−ɛ based DES model for turbulence. Three ship hulls are evaluated: the single-propeller KVLCC1 tanker appended with a rudder, the twin propeller fully appended surface combatant model DTMB 5613, and the KCS container ship without a rudder, and the results are compared with experimental data obtained at the model scale. In the case of KCS, a more complete comparison with propulsion data is performed. It is shown that direct computation of self-propelled ships is feasible, and though very resource intensive, it provides a tool for obtaining vast flow detail.     

RANS simulation of a container ship using a single-phase level-set method with overset grids and the prognosis for extension to a self-propulsion simulator

Steady flow simulations for the Korean Research Institute for Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO) container ship (KCS) were performed for towing and self-propulsion. The main focus in the present article is on the evaluation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a tool for hull form design along with application of state-of-the-art technology in the flow simulations. Two Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation solvers were employed, namely CFDShip-Iowa version 4 and Flowpack version 2004e, for the towing and self-propulsion cases, respectively. The new features of CFDShip-Iowa version 4 include a single-phase level-set method to model the free surface and an overset gridding capability to increase resolution in the flow and wave fields. The new features of Flowpack version 2004e are related to a self-propulsion scheme in which the RANS solver is coupled with a propeller performance program based on the infinitely bladed propeller theory. The present work is based on a close interaction between IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering of the University of Iowa and Osaka Prefecture University. In the following article, overviews are given of the present numerical methods and results are presented and discussed for the KCS in towing and self-propulsion modes, including comparison with available experimental fluid dynamics (EFD) data. Additional evaluation is provided through discussion of the recent CFD Workshop Tokyo 2005, where both methods appeared to yield very promising results.     

浅吃水肥大型船的尾部线型研究

从分析船舶尾部伴流场对船舶阻力推进,操纵及船体振动性能等影响的观点,研究尾部三维伴流场,介绍尾型与伴流场之间关系及非对称双尾鳍船型的形成。非对称双尾鳍船型与优选的常规双尾鳍船型模型的阻力,自航及伴流场等比较试验结果表明,非对称双尾鳍船具有两大优点,首先,该船型能在浆前方产生一个与外旋浆旋向相反的预旋流,在保持了优良阻力性能前提下可提高外旋浆推进效率8％,获得阻力,推进,操纵各性能间的最佳配合,第二,轴向伴流分布比较均匀,满足BSRA5项衡准指标,改善了螺旋浆工作的流场条件,减少了螺旋浆产生空泡及其诱导船体激振的危险,使节能与减振得到统一,最后还介绍了该船型首制船“宁安1号”的实船测试结果及其由船模试验预报实船性能的一致性。     

一种计及姿态变化的船舶阻力预报方法

对于航行于水面的舰船,船体姿态会随着航速的增加在航行中发生明显变化,这种姿态变化后的阻力较通常计算的以约束模型为基准的阻力预报是有明显差别的。采用CFD方法实现了以KCS船为模型进行模型自由状态下的阻力预报,并和相关实验数据进行了比较。结果表明,该方法避免了由于船体运动造成流场网格扭曲与计算发散等问题,具有良好的稳定性。另外,该方法充分考虑了船体姿态的影响,计算结果令人满意。