典型加筋板拉伸疲劳试验方法

加筋板是船体结构的主要组成部分,针对船用加筋板试件在疲劳试验过程中连接段先于考核段破坏的技术问题,文章开展了加筋板拉伸疲劳试验技术研究,提出了加筋板拉伸疲劳试件设计方法。在此基础上,依据疲劳累积损伤理论,结合声发射动态裂纹检测技术,建立了基于声发射技术的疲劳累积损伤试验方法。通过加筋板拉伸疲劳试验验证了该方法的可行性和适用性,实现了疲劳试验的考核目标,可为以后类似结构疲劳试验提供方法参考。     

典型加筋板拉伸疲劳试验方法（英文）

加筋板是船体结构的主要组成部分,针对船用加筋板试件在疲劳试验过程中连接段先于考核段破坏的技术问题,文章开展了加筋板拉伸疲劳试验技术研究,提出了加筋板拉伸疲劳试件设计方法。在此基础上,依据疲劳累积损伤理论,结合声发射动态裂纹检测技术,建立了基于声发射技术的疲劳累积损伤试验方法。通过加筋板拉伸疲劳试验验证了该方法的可行性和适用性,实现了疲劳试验的考核目标,可为以后类似结构疲劳试验提供方法参考。     

拉伸载荷下加筋板裂纹扩展研究

采用预制缺口的加筋板结构试样,对921A钢加筋板结构进行拉伸疲劳载荷作用下的低周疲劳试验,采用奇异单元法计算相应试件的裂纹尖端应力强度因子,利用Paris准则得出裂纹扩展速率与应力强度因子的关系式,得到拉伸疲劳载荷作用下舰体加筋板结构破口裂纹扩展模型,用于分析和预报破损舰船结构在波浪中航行时的裂纹扩展情况和剩余疲劳寿命预报,算例验证了本试验计算方法的合理性。     

轴向循环载荷下裂纹板和加筋板极限强度

为保障船体总纵强度的安全性,对裂纹板和加筋板在轴向循环载荷下的极限承载性能进行研究。采用系列光板和筋-板组合试件模拟船体板和加筋板构件,并在板上预制初始裂纹,对其在轴向循环载荷下的极限承载力进行试验研究。最后对试件的极限承载力进行数值分析,将所得结果与试验结果进行对比,并将由循环载荷引起的塑性累积和疲劳裂纹扩展均考虑在内。通过数值分析和试验研究得到板上裂纹长度、筋上裂纹长度、疲劳损伤因子、裂纹张开位移和挠度,分析发现这些参数（尤其是裂纹长度）对轴向循环载荷下裂纹板和加筋板的极限强度有一定影响。     

加筋板整体屈曲临界应力计算与分析

利用解析法对加筋板稳定性进行了研究,忽略材料非线性的影响,利用理论方法求解四边简支加筋板的整体屈曲临界应力。对有一根加强筋的加筋板,定义板的挠曲函数,将其代入边界方程和协调方程,求解线性方程组的特征方程得到加筋板的临界应力。对有2根或多根加强筋的规则加筋板,利用能量法导出统一计算的公式得到临界应力。最后,利用有限元软件Abaqus和Nastran进行数值仿真,与理论解比较后得出本文计算方法是正确的,可以准确求解加筋板的稳定性问题。     

含裂纹加筋板在压缩载荷下的剩余极限强度试验研究

在老龄化引起的船舶结构安全性问题中,裂纹损伤是结构强度衰减的一个重要因素。文章采用逐步加载法对含裂纹损伤的加筋板压缩剩余极限强度进行试验研究。设计六种典型的穿透裂纹损伤加筋板,对损伤试件进行轴向压缩试验。通过改变裂纹尺寸、位置及倾角参数并根据试验观测结果,探讨了不同裂纹参数下加筋板的屈曲破坏特点和对剩余极限强度影响。试验结果表明,不同的裂纹长度以及裂纹位置改变加筋板结构承载力的分布,影响结构应力应变场,进而改变其失效崩溃模式;倾角为45°的裂纹相对于垂直于加筋的裂纹对加筋板结构的剩余极限强度影响较小,此外初始缺陷对结构的剩余极限强度的影响也不容忽视。     

含中心裂纹的有限加筋板应力强度因子理论分析及数值仿真

基于裂纹问题的复变应力函数、Paris位移公式和变分原理,对板材和筋条均含裂纹的加筋板结构的应力强度因子进行了分析求解。对加筋板离散化,忽略受拉时筋、板弯曲的影响,结合Paris位移公式对加筋板中含中心穿透裂纹的板材在单向拉力 和加筋条的剪力作用下的位移进行了计算;应用变分原理对含边裂纹的加筋条结合筋条和板变形协调方程求解筋条对板的节点剪力作用,从而求解了含裂纹加筋板的问题。采用数值仿真方法分析了应力强度因子随板材和加筋条上裂纹扩展的变化规律,研究了加筋条刚度和加筋条间距变化对裂尖处应力强度因子的影响。     

低周疲劳下加筋板裂纹扩展行为有限元分析

为了研究低周疲劳载荷下船体加筋板裂纹扩展行为,利用节点释放法研究不同工况下的加筋板低周疲劳裂纹扩展行为,探索加筋条高度、间距对裂纹扩展过程中的应力应变场、累积塑性应变、裂纹闭合效应的影响规律。结果显示,加筋条高度的增加可以增强残余压应力场,导致闭合效应增强,裂纹尖端的累积塑性应变也减小,从而降低裂纹扩展速率。而加筋条间距的增加使得裂纹附近的结构刚度降低,闭合效应减弱,裂纹扩展速率增加。     

加筋板低周疲劳寿命和累积塑性应变模型

为分析加筋板结构累积塑性破坏的影响,应用损伤力学基础理论,并结合筋板相互影响系数,以塑性应变为损伤演化的控制参量,推导并建立加筋板结构低周疲劳累积递增塑性应变模型和低周疲劳寿命模型。将加筋板在循环载荷下的疲劳损伤变量引入累积递增塑性应变方程中,通过积分变换,推导出循环载荷下船舶加筋板结构轴向累积塑性应变的演化方程及其低周疲劳寿命本构模型;采用船舶通用高强度402钢相关材料疲劳特性参数对船舶加筋板结构低周疲劳寿命模型进行对比分析;将塑性应变发展理论模型与有限元计算结果进行比较,分析平均应力和筋条刚度比对累积塑性应变的影响规律。结果表明,该模型较好地反映了船舶加筋板结构的轴向累积塑性应变演化规律,同时能方便地对船舶结构低周疲劳强度进行评估、校核。     

含初始挠度加筋板的极限承载能力分析

舰船长期服役,甲板结构易产生初始挠度变形,这会对甲板承载能力带来不利影响。加筋板作为船体甲板结构的主要构成单元,研究初始挠度变形对其极限承载力的影响具有重要意义。为了确定初始挠度变形对加筋板极限承载力的影响作用,根据实际情况假设初始挠度为双三角级数形式,利用Ansys计算分析了整体初始挠度的幅值与半波数对极限载荷的影响和典型位置的应力特性,并得到初始挠度对加筋板极限载荷的影响因子计算方法。计算结果分析表明,随着初始挠度的幅值和半波数的增加,加筋板极限承载力逐渐减小;对于含有某种初始挠度的加筋板,其影响因子主要受加筋板的长宽比、厚度和加强筋间距等因素的影响。     

具有裂纹缺陷的加筋板的剩余拉伸强度分析

对具有裂纹缺陷的加筋板的剩余强度进行了数值分析.考虑了加筋板上的三种缺陷形式,即板和筋上的垂直裂纹,板和筋上的倾斜裂纹以及板上的裂纹和筋上的圆孔.对板和筋上的相对裂纹长度、材料属性、板和筋的厚度、裂纹开裂角度以及圆孔的直径等影响参数进行了分析.同时,将无加筋板剩余强度的经验公式推广到加筋板,并验证了公式的有效性.     

A computational approach for fatigue crack propagation in ship structures under random sequence of clustered loading

The authors have developed a simulation program, CP-System, for multiple cracks propagating in a three-dimensional stiffened panel structure, where through-the-thickness crack propagation is formulated as a two-dimensional in-plane problem, and the crack propagation behavior is simulated by step-by-step finite element analyses. In order to evaluate the fatigue lives of marine structures accurately, it is necessary to take into account the load histories induced by sea waves, which may be composed of a random sequence of certain clustered loads with variable stress range. In the proposed crack growth model, the crack opening and closure behavior is simulated by using the modified strip yielding model, and the effective tensile plastic stress intensity range, ΔK _RP, is calculated by considering the contact of plastic wake along the crack surfaces. The adequacy of the proposed crack growth model is examined by comparison with fatigue tests under non-constant-amplitude loading. The usefulness of the developed method is demonstrated for a ship structural detail under certain simulated load sequences. It is shown that the fatigue crack growth of a ship structure is significantly retarded due to the load interaction effects, so that the conventional method for fatigue life assessment may predict a relatively conservative fatigue life of a structure.     

舰船复合材料夹层板架结构的分级递进优化设计方法

由于复合材料板架结构具有各向异性、界面复杂及可设计变量众多等特性,因而在开展优化设计时往往困难重重。对此,采用分级递进优化设计方法。以某型舰甲板室舷侧复合材料夹层板架结构为对象,首先根据工程实际并结合复合材料板架结构的设计特点,提取所有可设计变量,并在此基础上分析所有设计变量的灵敏度特征规律;然后,对该夹层板架结构进行两级优化计算与分析;最后,对优化前后的计算结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,分级递进优化设计方法能有效解决复杂的复合材料板架结构多变量设计问题。     

Simulation-based fatigue crack management of ship structural details applied to longitudinal and transverse connections

It is of continuing importance for ship structural design to establish a system to compute the growth behavior of fatigue cracks propagating in structural details. In the present paper, a simulation program is developed for multiple fatigue cracks propagating in a three-dimensional stiffened panel structure, where it can predict fatigue crack lives and paths by taking into account the interaction of multiple cracks, load shedding during crack propagation and welding residual stress. Various fatigue crack propagations in longitudinal stiffeners of ship structures are investigated by both the present simulation method and experiments. From these results, it is found that the crack propagation may considerably change, depending on the loading conditions, structural details and residual stress distributions. This means that one could possibly manage to avoid fatal damage of the skin-plate by properly designing the structural details. Furthermore, these results may imply a possibility to realize a rational fatigue crack management if one can estimate the fatigue crack-propagation behavior during the ship lifecycle. The present simulation program may offer a useful numerical tool for this purpose.     

基于试验获取主应力应变曲线的油船极限强度评估研究(英文)

A geometrically similar scaling was made from small-scale specimen to full-scale stiffened panels and then their collapse behaviour is investigated. It is considered that the stiffened panel compressive ultimate strength test was designed according to geometrical scaling laws so that the output of the test could be used as representative of the stiffened panels of the compressive zone of a tanker hull subjected to vertical bending moment. The ultimate strength of a tanker hull is analysed by a FE analysis using the experimentally developed master stress-strain curves which are obtained by the beam tension test and the compressive test of the stiffened panel, and are then compared with the result achieved by the progressive collapse method.     

Ultimate strength assessment of a tanker hull based on experimentally developed master curves

A geometrically similar scaling was made from small-scale specimen to full-scale stiffened panels and then their collapse behaviour is investigated. It is considered that the stiffened panel compressive ultimate strength test was designed according to geometrical scaling laws so that the output of the test could be used as representative of the stiffened panels of the compressive zone of a tanker hull subjected to vertical bending moment. The ultimate strength of a tanker hull is analysed by a FE analysis using the experimentally developed master stress-strain curves which are obtained by the beam tension test and the compressive test of the stiffened panel, and are then compared with the result achieved by the progressive collapse method.     

初始尺寸对超声疲劳试样的影响及铝合金6063疲劳试验验证

狗骨形试样具有中间等截面段试验有效区。采用悬链线代替圆弧线的轮廓方程,获得了狗骨形试样的解析计算方法。分析结果表明,试样初始尺寸在一定范围内取值时轮廓方程代替所引起的误差控制在3%以内。可通过增大变截面段长度或粗、细端的半径比来缩短试样长度,但增大变截面长度会降低试样位移应力系数。尽管狗骨形试样的位移应力系数不如沙漏形试样,但狗骨形比沙漏形更节省试验材料,而且其位移应力系数也足够满足试验要求。铝合金6063的超声疲劳试验表明,狗骨形试样的设计等式是可行的。铝合金6063的S-N曲线呈现持续下降的趋势,其疲劳裂纹扩展以剪切方式进行,并且呈现裂纹表面萌生机制。疲劳源区与裂纹扩展区之间存在明显的台阶。